Practice test 4&5

If a dark colored poisonous fish and a bird that can see only light colored fish are added to the ecosystem in 2008 what will the graph likely look like in 50 years A. *up on both ends sinking in the middle* B. *curve going down* C. *curve going up* D. waves

c

patients with type I diabetes often require insulin injections. which of the following situations would most require an insulin injection A. after eating a stalk of celery B. after eating a cookie C. after skipping breakfast D. After drinking a lot of water

B

the data in the figure above would best support which conclusion? A. if you decreased the number of females the container would have to remain constant B. The number of offspring produced scales proportionally with the containers size C. the number of offspring produced increases with time D. daphnia prefer high density conditions to have the most efficient reproductive rate

B

the direct relationship between tryptophan and the trp operon depends on which of the follow? A. equal parts of the repressor protein and tryptophan proteins B. expression of the trpR gene regardless of tryptophan levels C. ongoing synthesis of tryptophan to unlock the repressor D. more than one promoter for RNA polymerase to bind at

B

the enzymatic phenomenon is an example of A. transcription B. feedback inhibition C. dehydration synthesis D. photosynthesis

B

the krebs cycleproduces which of the following electron carriers A. NADPH B. NADH C. FADH D. NAD+

B

when humans experience excessive heat loss the nervous system sends random signals for skeletal muscles to contract resulting in shiverin. this then raises the body temperature due to the production of heat. this physiological mechanism is most similar to which other process? A. when a b-cell receptor binds to an infectious agent signaling occurs to stimulate a larger immune response B. when blood sugar levels are sensed to be high inthe body, insulin is released and the blood sugar in the bloodstream drops C. when the uterus is stretched during contractions this signals to the brain that oxytocin should be released that causes stronger contractions.

B

which best describes the relationship between blood osmolarity and ADH A. blood osmolarity increases upon ADH secretion B. ADH increases upon increased blood osmolarity C. ADH has a longer effect than blood osmolarity D. blood osmolarity has a longer effect than ADH

B

which of the following are most closely related? A. aquifex and diplomonads B. animals and fungi C. halophiles and entamoebae D. there is not enough information given

B

which of the following best describes the fish population in the year 1958 A. all medium orange color B. mostly medium orange fish with some nealy white and some nearly brown C. mostly white fish and brown fish with a few orange fish D. equal numbers of orange fish, white fish, and brown fish

B

which of the following best describes the process of transformation as it is used above A. acquisition of any DNA by bacteria causes it to acquire new traits B. the traits in bacteria are determined by the DNA that is present C. DNA is capable of any species the traits of another species D. bacteria are revived after being heat killed if they get new DNA

B

which of the following is not a likely function of tamoxifen A. blocking and binding of estrogen and ER B. increasing the production of estrogen C. decreasing the production of ER D. blocking the role of ER in the cell cycle

B

which of the following is true when the level of CTP is low in a cell A. CTP is converted to ATCase B. the metabolic traffic down the pathway increases C. ATCase is inhibited which slows down CTP synthesis D. the final product of the pathway is reduced

B

which of the following would not have been helpful as a control in this experiment A. an siRNA for a gene known to be involved in viral infection B. an siRNA for a gene known to make very little mRNA C. an siRNA for a gene known to not be involved with viral infection D. a second siRNA that targets each of the genes being studied

B

which of the following would require an RNA dependent DNA polymerase A. a bacterial strain that has a plasmid in addition to its genomic chromosome B. a virus that has an RNA genome and integrates into the host genome C. a plant cell that is being treated with RNA interference technology D. any eukaryotic cell about to undergo post transcriptional processing

B

the biosynthesis of cytidine 5' triphosphate requires A. a ribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base B. a deoxyribose sugar a phosphate group and a nitrogen base C. a ribose sugar phosphate groups and a nitrogen base D. a deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups, and a nitrogen base

C

the inner cell mass is what eventually forms the embryo during development the embryo differentiates into various types of cell layers which of the following is not one of the them A. mesoderm B. hypoblast C. blastomere D. endoderm

C

in the phylogenetic tree shown above how many common ancestors do tsonga and japanese have? A. 0 B. 4 C. 6 D. 12

B

which of the following is likely true for a cell with a mutated ER leading to loss of function A. it does not respond to estrogen well B. it binds to progesterone instead of estrogen C. it divides more quickly than other D. it is no longer under cell cycle control

A

which of the following is the result of wobble pairing A. there are several possible codons for a given anticodon B. there are more amino acids than there are nucleotide bases C. there are more inosines in mRNA than there are in tRNA D. some codons will have only one possible anticodon

A

which of the following would make the calvin benson cycle unnecessary? A. if the light dependent reactions made sugar and ATP B. if the plants could make ATP in their ETC C. if plants could use ATP to power cellular processes D. if NADPH could be created by photosystem I

A

how might the fungi be helping the plant? A. preventing the plant from touching the soil B. giving it more capacity to suck up water C. decreasing the osmotic pressure inn the root D. assisting in the light independent reactions of photosynthesis

B

if carotenoids were capable of energizing electrons for photosynthesis in the same manner as chlorophyll in approximately which wavelengths of light would they best perform photosynthesis? A. less than 450 nm B. 450-500 nm C. 500-700 nm D. greater than 700nm

B

if the trend continues what will be the oxygen consumed on day 7? A. 0.55 B. 06 C. 0.75 D. 0.8

B

if a planctomyces is dividing by budding which of the following will occur A. a mitotic spindle will pull chromosome segments to opposite ends of the cell B. enzymes will unwind the helix and copy the entire bacterial genome C. the nuclear envelope will break down and then reform after DNA replication D. the mitochondria will replicate and be divided between the two cells

B

Klinefelter's syndrome is a genetic condition in males that results in the creation of an extra X chromosome during the early stages of embryo development, which must be inactivated. which of the following karyotypes represents a person with klinefelter's? A. II - X I - Y B. I - X I - I C. I - X II - Y D. II - X

A

a lysosomal protein should have which of the following characteristics? A. resistant to lysosomal enzymatic degradation B. can maintain stability for extended periods of time C. contains both intracellular domains D. able to attach to the intracellular side of the cell membrane

A

a totipotent embryonic cell has the most cell potency. which of the following is most likely to be totipotent A. 8 cell zygote B. inner cell mass C. mesoderm D. digestive tract

A

dehydration synthesis is a key part of the creation of many macromolecoles.it is best described as A. loss of a water molecule in order to make something else B. water rushing out of a cell during the process of osmosis C.life moving out of the ocean and becoming complex D. kidneys filtering hydrophilic compounds during urine formation

A

how many unique non-homologous chromosomes are present in this species? A. 4 B. 8 C. 16 D. 32

A

if a yellow plant from the F2 generation is crossed with a green plant from the F1 generation, what would be the green-to-yellow phenotype ratio A. 1:1 B. 3:1 C. 1:0 D. 1:3

A

if the mRNA and tRNA are oriented in an antiparallell direction during translation what position on the tRNA is the wobble position A. always on the 5' end of the anticodon B. always on the 3' end of the anticodon C. sometimes on the 5' and sometimes on the 3' end D. neither tRNA is not linear like mRNA

A

in the above figure --- is the dependent variable and --- is the independent variable A. ppt of oxygen consumed:day of germination B ppt of oxygen consumed:37 C C. day of germination: ppt of oxygen consumed D. 37 C:day of germination

A

the following graph shows the height of a new species of plant when it is grown under lights of different wavelengths. what color does this plant likely appear to humans? A. violet B. gree C. yellow D. red

A

the membrane potential of cells is determined b the sodium potassium pump which A. creates an intracellular space that is more negative than the extracellular space and possesses more potassium B. creates an intracellular space that is more positive than the extracellular space and possesses more potassium C. creates an intracellular space that is more negative than the extracellular space and possesses less potassium D. creates an intracellular space that is more positive than the extracellular space and possesses less potassium

A

what is the substance in this reaction? A. H2O2 B. HRP C. Water D. oxygen

A

which addition to the pond did not likely contribute to the change between 1958 and 2008? A. a poisonous fish with a medium orange pigment B. runoff from fields that makes the water dark and murky C. a light orange water grass that grows in the pond D. predatory birds that can easily see medium orange pigment

A

which is not true a statement about acid rain I it increases the pH in the water andcan harm aquatic plants II high levels of H+ can fish hatchlings II it can change the composition of the soil A. I only B. I and II C. II only D. I and III

A

which of the following assumptions does radiometric dating not make? A. the rock has not been in the presence of a strong magnetic field B. the rock formed at the same time that the radioactive isotope began decaying C. neither the original isotope nor the decay product has escaped from the rock D. the rate of the decay is predictable and has not greatly changed over time

A

which of the following conclusions could be made in 1929 A. a heat resistant molecule can be passed to living bacteria and change its characteristics B. a DNA molecule cannot be killed by heat treatment when it is inside a bacterium C. heat killed bacteria can come back to life when they are mixed with virulent bacteria D. a virulent bacterial strain will always win out against a non virulent strain of bacteria

A

which of the following could be true if there was a mutation in the trpR gene A.the repressor protein would not bidn as well to the operator site B. RNA polymerase will no longer bind to the promoter C. tryptophan levels will not increase transcription D. tryptophan will bind directly to the operator site

A

which of the following does not affect higher order protein structure A. ester linkages between amino acids B. amino acid sequence order C. hydrogen bonding between R groups on the same polypeptide D. hydrophobic interactions between side groups on different polypeptides

A

which of the following explains why RNA viruses are always changing A. their genome gets changed due to many mistakes during replication B. RNA viruses are single stranded and they can take many shapes C. RNA does not need to travel in a capsid and gets exposed to chemicals D. There are thousands of types of RNA viruses in the world

A

in the above figure which process is likely occuring A. photosynthesis B. cellular respiration C. fermentation D. all of the above

B

which statement best describes the purpose of NT siRNA control A. it was a negative control to ensure that the siRNA procedures in general were not affecting the viral load B. it was a positive control to show that knocking down all known genes would cause a reduction in the viral load C. it was a negative control to eliminate the need for using infectious viral particles in the experiment D. it was a positive control to show that the knockdown process of reducing mRNA was successful

A

A chi-square analysis would be performed in this experiment to make which of the following conclusions A. to calculate that there is 1 degree of freedom B. to determine if the null hypothesis can be rejected C. to determine the standard deviation between two samples D. to prove that the working hypothesis is correct

B

Which of the following hypotheses about why the no-inhibitor graph plateaus after 10% H2O2 is supported A. water begins to act as an inhibitor B. all the HRP is fully engaged C. there is no more H2O2 available D. the temperature is longer optimal

B

according to the passage HER2 is found A. on tumor cells only B. on healthy cells but it is found more often on tumor cells C. on healthy cells only D. on healthy cells but itis found less often on tumor cells

B

approximately which color wavelengths would a plant containing chlorophyll a appear as to humans A. 400-450 nm B. 450-600 nm C. 675-700 nm D. none of above because humans cannot see the visible light spectrum

B

caffeine is an inhibitor of ADH. which of the following would you expect to occur to the blood osmolarity if the person above had consumed caffeine A. the osmolarity would increase higher than usual and then decrease B. the osmolarity would increase the same amount but would not decrease C. the osmolarity would decrease and then increase D. the osmolarity would decrease but not increase

B

compared with humans, approximately how many liters of oxygen does the weddell seal store per kilogram of body weight A. the same amount of oxygen B. twice the amount of oxygen C. three times the amount of oxygen D. five times the amount of oxygen

B

how many chromosome segments are present in a somatic cell at the completion of mitosis A. 64 B. 32 C. 16 D. 8

B

how many chromosome segments will be in each gamete if you count each homologous member individually? A. 32 B. 16 C. 8 D. 4

B

Compact bone contains ring of osteons each of which contains a central canal housing the blood vessels which can be accessed only by those osteocytes adjacent to it. gap junctions which are tunnels between neighboring cells then allow the cells that are not adjacent to the central canal to exchange nutrients and wastes with the bloodstream. which statement is true about the exchange of materials with the bloodstream? A. hydrophobic carbon dioxide waste must be passed via gap junctions from high concentration to concentration B. hydrophilic Ca2+ is passed via gap junctions from low concentration to high concentration C. hydrophobic carbon dioxide waste does not require the gap junctions to travel from high concentrations to low concentrations D. hydrophilic Ca2+ does not require gap junctions to travel from high concentration to low concentrations

C

You are given a green pea plant with an unknown genotype. you want to figure out the genotype by crossing it with another plant and looking at the offspring. which of the following plants would be the most helpful in determining the genotype of the original plant? A. Any green plant B. A homozygous green plant C. a yellow pea plant D. none of the above

C

a molecule of ADP is dephosphorylated once and then phosphorylated twice. what molecule will result? A. AMP B. ADP C. ATP D. AUP

C

an enzymes active site contains arginine residues. which residues will likely be found on the corresponding substrate region? A. arginine B. lysine C. glutamate D. isoleucine

C

blood pressure is determined by the volume of the blood and the peripheral resistance of the blood vessels. blood volume is dependent on upon hydration level and osmotic pressure within the blood. peripheral resistance refers to the volume of blood vessel which is dependent upon constriction and dilation of arteries as blood flow is maximized and minimized in response to the body's needs. which of the following would both help to raise blood pressure? A. constriction of blood vessels and decreasing salt intake B. dilation of blood vessels and decreasing salt intake C. constriction of blood vessels and increasing salt intake D. dilation of blood vessels and increasing salt intake

C

during a dive a weddell seals blood flow to the abdominal organs is shut off and oxygen rich blood is diverted to the eyes, brain, and spinal cord. which of the following is the most likely reason for this adaptation A. to increase the number of red blood cells in the nervous B. to increase the amount of oxygen reaching the skeletomuscular system C. to increase the amount of oxygen reaching the central nervous system D. to increase the oxygen concentration in the lungs

C

if a DNA dependent DNA polymerase were attached at site A which statement best describes its movement A. it will travel toward the right and build a copy of the top DNA strand B. it will travel toward the left and build a copy of the top DNA strand C. it will travel towards the right and build a complement of the top DNA strand D. it will travel toward the left and build a complement of the top DNA strand

C

if a cell in a morula becomes a acell of the trophoblast it has become A. more differentiated and less specialized B. less differentiated and more specialized C. more differentiated and more specialized D. less differentiated and less specialized

C

if a muscle cell fails to contract which of the following could be a reason? A. the cell is lacking tropomyosin B. too much calcium is in the sarcoplasmic reticulum C. the cell is lacking troponin D. too many action potentials are reaching the cell

C

if cytochrome C were labeled with a day consisting of large hydrophilic molecules that are allowed to diffuse over time which regions would be dyed? A. extracellular space B. cytosol C. intermembrane space D. matrix

C

if the cell runs out of ATP what would be the state of the sarcomere A. myosin is bound to actin in the high energy conformation B. myosin is alone in the high energy conformation C. myosin is bound to actin in the low energy conformation D. myosin is alone in the low energy conformation

C

if the plant devised a way to block sugar transport to the fungi the relationship could best be described as A. mutualistic B. parasitic C. commensal D. individual

C

in a closed population squirrel teeth can be either long or short. the long teeth allele is classically dominant. if there are 320 squirrels with long teeth and 40 squirrels with short teeth what is the frequency of heterozygotes? round to 2 decimals A. 0.11 B. 0.33 C. 0.44 D. 0.67

C

in the phylogenetic tree shown which of the following statements is true A. upper and lower castes do not share a common ancestor B. the french are the common ancestor of poles and tribal indians C. cambodians and vietnamese have a common ancestor that chinese do not share D. mbuti pygmy 1 and mbuti pygmy 2 are the closest related groups on the tree

C

receptor 4 could be which type of receptor A. movement B. sound C. pressure D. temperature

C

two fossils found right next to each other are determined by radiometric dating to have similar levels of decayed isotope in their surrounding rock. which of the following conclusions can be made? A. the two life forms had the same molecular DNA sequence B. the two life forms were the same trophic level in an ecosystem C.the two life forms were part of the same community D. the two life forms are common ancestors to modern day mammals

C

what information is required to compile the above results? A. the total response to all levels of stimuli B. the exact magnitude of each stimulus C. the magnitude of response in the absence of a stimulus D. the largest response of each receptor to a stimulus

C

what is the likely reason that DNA polymerases proofread and RNA polymerases don't A. thymine is tough to base pair with but uracil is easy to bond to B. DNA requires base pairing to form a double helix and RNA is single stranded C. DNA is passed from generation to generation but RNA is around only for a short time D. there is more than one type of RNA and that makes proofreading difficult

C

where in the body would you find the lowest levels of transcriptional repressor for the receptor 1 gene A. the walls of the aorta B. the retina of the eye C. the inner ear D. the mammary glands

C

which of the following amino acids would likely be found in the transmembrane domain A. lysine B. arginine C. isoleucine D. glutamate

C

which of the following are true statements according to the figure? I r-strategists are unlikely to die young II the death rate for a c-strategist is constant II humans are an example of a k-strategists A. I only B. II only C. II and III D. I, II, III

C

which of the following conclusions is correct? I TNS 1 is involved in viral infection II TNS 2 is involved in viral infection III TNS 3 is not involved in viral infection A. I only B. III only C. I and II D. I and II and III

C

which of the following conditions would lead to increased production of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate A. high ATP and high citate B. high AMP and high citate C. high AMP and high F-2,6-BP D. high ATP and high F-2,6-BP

C

which of the following could describe the growth patterns of the red versus white colored shade tolerant shrubs I red flowers were selected for before the fire II white flowers had increased fitness under the selective pressure of the fire III white flowers are tolerant to fire and were always the most fit A. I only B. II only C. I and II D. I and II and III

C

which of the following if true would most negate avery mccarty and macleods conclusion A. if it was shown that the fraction of lipids did not contain lipids B. it is was shown that the RNA fraction also contained trace amount of DNA C. it is was shown that the DNA fraction also contained bits of proteins D. if it was shown the the DNA fraction was much larger than the RNA fraction

C

which of the following is a benefit of regulated secretion A. the proteins can be released more quickly after translation B. the proteins can be built into larger complexes C. the response to a stimulus can be limited and specific D. The proteins can pass through the cell membrane

C

which of the following situations likely stimulates gluconeogenesis A. high levels of insulin B. high levels of F-2,6-BP C. high levels of glucagon D. high levels of ADP

C

which of the following statements best describes the uptake of calcium by skeletal muscles and the sarcoplasmic reticulum? A. calcium is passively taken from the extracellular environment and the cytosol B. calcium is actively taken from the extracellular environment and the cytosol C. calcium is passively taken up from the extracellular environment and actively taken from the cytosol D. calcium is actively taken up from the extracellular environment and passively taken up from the cytosol

C

The Restriction enzyme BAMHI predictably cuts the following sequence at the locations designated by the stars 5' G*GATCC 3' 3' CCTAG*G 5' Which of the following DNA helix sequences would be cut into 3 pieces by BAMHI A. 5' GGATCC 3' 3' CCTAGG 5' B. 5' GGATCCGGATCCGGATCC 3' 3' CCTAGGCCTAGGCCTAGG 5' C. 3' GGATCC 5' 5' CCTAGG 3' D. 5' AAGGATCCGGATCCAA 3' 3' TTCCTAGGCCTAGGTT 5'

D

a virus is used to infect a plate of bacteria resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin and sensitive to the antibiotic tetracycline new progeny viruses are collected and allowed to infect a culture of bacteria that is sensitive to both ampicillin and tetracycline. when ampicillin is added some bacteria survive. what would be expected if tetracycline was added. A. they would survive because they acquired tetracycline resistance through viral transduction B. they would survive because they failed to acquire tetracycline sensitivity through viral transduction C. they would die because they acquired tetracycline sensitivity through viral transduction. D. they would die because they failed to acquire tetracycline resistance through viral infection

D

if the fire never occurred which prediction about the population in 2016 is the most supported by the data A. the white flowered shade tolerant shrubs would disappear from the region B. the number of shade intolerant shrubs would increase and the conifers would disappear C. conifers would claim the territory of all colors of the shade tolerant shrubs D. hardwood trees would increase in number and conifers would decrease

D

plant cells are well known for having a structural dependence upon their large vacuole. as this is a water dependent structure plants have developed many strategies for maintaining a state of hydration. one of these is a thick waxy skin called a cuticle which prevents water escaping from the plant surface. if a plant is misted with an enzyme designed to eat away the waxy cuticle all of the following would be predicted outcomes except. A. the plant not stand up as tall B. the plant would dry out more quickly C. the plant would grow more roots D. the plant would transport sugar more quickly

D

the following are all likely consequences of a failing sodium potassium pump except A. action potentials would not be possible B. the inside of the cell would become less negative C. there would be more potassium outside the cell D. there would be less sodium inside the cell

D

what is bound to myosin when it is in its high energy conformation I actin II ATP II ADP A. II only B. III only C. I and II D. I and III

D

what is the best testable null hypothesis for the above experiment (pg.374) A.female butterflies prefer the scent of chemicals produced by males of their own species over the control chemicals B. female butterflies prefer the scent of control chemicals over chemicals produced by males of their own species C.female butterflies cannot sense the chemicals produced by males of their own species D. female butterflies have no preference for either of the chemicals

D

what type of transport does the sodium potassium pump perform? A. simple diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. passive transport D. active transport

D

when a neuron fires an action potential an electrical signal sent by nerve cells why is a sodium potassium pump needed to transport sodium and potassium across the cell membrane? A. potassium gets stored in the lipid bilayer and must be removed by the pump B. sodium is a large nonpolar molecule C. the pump utilizes passive transport to move sodium D. sodium and potassium are charged and the membrane is not permeable to ions

D

which of the following best explains the single yellow pea producing plant in the F1 generation? A. crossing-over occurred in the parental pea plant to provide genetic variation B. the law of independent assortment: one homologous pair separate independently of the others during gamete production in the parental pea plant C. nondisjunction is one of the parental pea plants caused an imbalance in chromosome distribution D. a DNA polymerase error occurred during DNA replication just prior to meiosis

D

which of the following could be derived from a totipotent stem cell? I morula II trophoblast III endoderm A. I only B. II only C. II and III D. I and II and III

D

which of the following facts would classify the relationship as mutualistic A. if the legumes were harmed during the process of nitrogen fixation B. if the rhizobia were harmed during the process of legume colonization C. if the legumes received another benefit apart from nitrogen fixation D. if the rhizobia received a benefit form the legumes they colonize

D

which of the following likely describes cytochrome C and ubiquinone? A. both are mostly hydrophobic B. both are mostly hydrophilic C. ubiquinone is hydrophilic and cytochrome C is mostly hydrophobic D. ubiquinone is hydrophobic and cytochrome C is mostly hydrophilic

D

which of the following likely occurred at 2 hours A. the person drank a very large glass of water B. the person drank a beverage isotonic to their blood C. the person drank a beverage hypotonic to their blood D. the person drank a beverage hypertonic to their blood

D

which of the following molecules would be least affected by a viral pandemic affecting rhizobia? A. proteins B. RNA C. DNA D. carbohydrates

D

which of the following theories is supported by the evidence? A. the pigment trait in fish demonstrates incomplete dominance B. the pigment trait in fish demonstrates classical dominance C. the pigment in fish demonstrates codominance D. none of the above

D

which statement best summarizes the role of calcium in skeletal muscle contraction A. it prevents muscle contractions during action potentials B. it changes the hypertonic nature of the cytosol to allow action potentials C. it amplifies the physical contraction of the sarcomere D. it connects the electrical neuronal signal to the actual physical contraction

D

why does it take 75 years for a beech maple to occur in the figure above A. beech seeds have a very long period of dormancy prior to germination B. it takes an average of 75 years for conifer trees to become extinct C. agriculture was the predominant industry and hardwood trees were removed D. maple trees grow better in a pine forest than they do in a grassland

D