Practice test for Cardiovascular System
A patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes is placed on a 1,800 calorie/day diet. The nurse instructs the patient which food is a suitable exchange for a pat of butter.
1 tbsp of mayonnaise
The nurse is monitoring a patient receiving treatment for hypertension. Which of the following blood pressure readings indicate to the nurse that treatment is successful?
120/78
The nurse performs a blood pressure screening at the local grocery store. The nurse knows that which of the following blood pressure readings indicate state 1 hypertension?
142/88
The nurse performs discharge teaching for a patient with angina. It is MOST important for the patient to report which of the following?
A change in the character of pain
Which of the following scenarios BEST portrays enabling behavior?
A wife who calls in sick for her husband who has been binge drinking all weekend.
The primary goal that the community health nurse is trying to accomplish by acting as a client advocate is which of the following?
Client independence
It is MOST important for the nurse to take which action when administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
Compress the chest at least a rate of 100 compressions per minute.
The nurse cares for a patient diagnosed with angina. The nurse understands that nitroglycerin is used in the treatment of angina pectoris for which of the following reasons?
Decreases preload
A community nurse discusses H1N1 with a group of college professors. Which of the following statements reflects the BEST description of an incubation period?
Exposure to the virus has occurred and the organism is multiplying.
The nurse understands that which type of insulin has the longest duration of action?
Glargine
One week after discharge from the hospital, a client with heart failure (HF) comes to the cardiac clinic for a follow-up visit. Which of these statements, if made by the client to the nurse, indicates an improvement in the client's condition?
I only sleep on one pillow>
The nurse instructs a patient about the correct way to administer insulin. Which statement, if made by the patient to the nurse, requires a follow-up?
I will inject insulin into my left arm prior to weight training.
The nurse assesses a patient receiving levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid). Which indicates a favorable outcome to the nurse?
Increased urine output
Which of the following nursing measures is MOST effective for preventing thrombophlebitis for a patient while on bed rest?
Instruct the patient to flex and point his toes every two hours.
The nurse understands that the pain of angina is caused by which of the following?
Insufficient oxygen in the heart muscles.
The nurse identifies the treatment of choice for severe ketoacidosis in a conscious person is what?
Insulin
The nurse knows that a blood sugar level of 40 mg/dL indicates which condition?
Insulin reaction
A medical surgical unit is being converted into a cardiac unit d/t increasing numbers of clients coming to the hospital with cardiac conditions. The nurse manager reviews with staff the differences between defibrillation & cardioversion. Which should the manager identify as characteristics that these two procedures have in common?
Intended action & paddle placement
A public health nurse visits an undergraduate nursing program as a guest speaker. Which statement made by a student indicates further learning is necessary on the topic of epidemiology?
Involves health care reform to lower medical costs.
A patient with hyperthyroidism tells the nurse that he has become very irritable. The nurse understands which?
Irritability is commonly observed in patients with hyperthyroidism.
The nurse cares for a patient after a subtotal thyroidectomy. The nurse identifies that damage to the parathyroid gland is indicated by which symptom?
Numbness in the fingers
A nurse designs a project to investigate the use of smokeless tobacco of male graduates from a local high school and their incidence of oral cancer ten years later. This represents what type of study?
Prospective
An older man is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of heart failure (HF). Which of the following findings is MOST characteristic of heart failure?
Pulse 110, respirations 24, blood pressure 100/60.
The nurse expects which of these laboratory test results to be elevated in the patient following an acute myocardial infarction?
Serum CK, troponin T and I, and myoglobin
To assess the pulse during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which site should the nurse assess?
The carotid artery.
The nurse discovers an unconscious person in the street. The nurse notes that the person is not breathing. The nurse should take which action?
Tilt the person's head back and left the chin
The nurse cares for a patient admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The nurse understands that a cardiac monitor is attached to this patient for which of the following reasons?
To detect any life-threatening changes in heart rhythm.
In the host-agent-environment model of epidemiology, the nurse identifies which of the following as the environment?
Water contaminated with E. Coli
A community health nurse meets with residents of a small town. To best assess the goals of the community, the nurse obtains an answer to which of the following questions?
What is the purpose of the community?
The nurse monitors a patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The patient tells the nurse that he jobs 30 minutes daily, but after his exercise, he feels nervous, hungry, and he has tremors. Which statement by the nurse is BEST?
You should eat cheese and crackers prior to jogging.
The nurse understands that the MOST important factor to maintain adequate circulation is:
blood volume
The nurse understands that intermittent claudication is:
pain caused by walking
When a nurse administers dopamine via IV drop, which of the following factors is MOST important?
the patient's weight in kilograms.
A client receiving verapamil (Calan) in the sustained-release form complains of headache. The nurse should inform the client that:
this medication often causes headache.
In preparation for patient discharge, a nurse reviews the diabetic exchange list with a patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The nurse informs the patient that a sandwich made with two slices of whole wheat bread, one slice of turkey, 1 tsp mayonnaise, and two lettuce leaves is the equivalent of what?
2 bread exchanges, 1 meat exchange, 1 fat exchange, and 1 vegetable exchange
The community nurse calculates the rate of H1N1 influenza diagnosed in a local high school senior class on a particular day. There are six known cases out of a population of 300 students. The nurse determines which of the following prevalence rates is correct:
2%
When one nurse is performing CPR on an adult, which is CORRECT ratio of compressions to breaths?
30 compressions to 2 breaths
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with Addison's disease. How would the nurse expect the patient's skin to appear?
Abnormally dark and pigmented
Which of the following activities best represents population-focused practice by the community nurse?
Addressing a town council regarding a flu vaccination program.
A patient is admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The patient's skin is clammy, blood pressure is 85/50; patient appears restless & anxious. Which of the following actions should the nurse take FIRST?
Administer analgesia as ordered
The nurse in the student health service of a college is planning a series of brief presentations on reducing health risks. One of the topics is going to be toxic shock syndrome (TSS). It is MOST important for the nurse to target which of the following groups in marketing this program.
All females
A patient undergoes a cardiac catheterization. Following the procedure, the nurse discovers that the patient is bleeding from the cut-down site. Which of the following actions should the nurse take FIRST?
Apply pressure to the site
Which of the following represents a qualitative assessment for a community nurse to use for children's health needs?
Attend a meeting with other health care workers to discuss improving the school lunch program.
The nurse is providing teaching to clients about first-time medication prescriptions. Which represents primary prevention?
Avoiding smoking while on NuvaRing for contraception.
Which of the following represents a form of secondary prevention?
Breast self-esteem
The nurse observes a person suddenly collapse on the street. The nurse finds the person unresponsive. Which action should the nurse take FIRST?
Call the emergency response number
The nurse care for a patient immediately after a thyroidectomy. It is MOST important for the nurse to contact the physician if which is observed?
Change in the quality of respirations.
One week following myocardial infarction, a patient complains to the nurse of fatigue. The nurse notes that the patient is slightly short of breath & the pulse rate is 110 bpm. Which of the following actions by the nurse is BEST?
Check for any edema or weight gain.
Which of the following nursing measures would be MOST important immediately following cardiac catheterization?
Check the extremities for pulses.
The nurse cares for a patient immediately after a femoral-to-popliteal bypass graft. The nurse is MOST concerned if which of the following is observed?
Clammy skin
The community nurse cares for a client who has experienced blindness as a result of diabetes. In the natural history of diabetes mellitus, the nurse identifies the onset of blindness reflects which of the following stages?
Clinical
A patient arrives in the emergency room complaining of severe pain in the left leg that is not relieved by rest or medication. On physical examination, the nurse is MOST likely to assess which of the following?
Cold, mottled leg
The nurse understands that the CABs of CPR stand for which?
Compressions, airway, breathing
On the day of discharge, patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes says to the nurse, "Tell me again, what should I do if I develop a fever?" Which response by the nurse is BEST?
Continue taking insulin as prescribed
The nurse understands that which of the following BEST describes the action of glucocoritocoids?
Convert protein and fat into glucose
Which of the following signs would be expected for the individual experiencing caregiver strain?
Crying frequently Loss of interest in pleasurable activities Change in sleeping habits Easily angered by the care recipient
Several hours after being admitted to the unit, an intravenous lidocaine drip is started for a patient diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. The nurse understands the purpose of this medication includes which of the following?
Decrease the myocardial irritability.
The nurse understands that the primary purpose of promoting rest following a myocardial infarction includes which of the following?
Decrease the workload of the heart
A client comes to the cardiac clinic complaining of anorexia, nausea & blurred vision. The nurse understands these symptoms indicate the client may be experiencing which of the following?
Digitalis toxicity
The nurse informs a patient with angina that some common side effects of nitroglycerin include which of the following?
Dizziness, headache, and hypotension
It is important for the nurse to monitor a patient with Addison's disease for the development of what?
Dysrhythmias
A mass screening for hyperlipidemia is being planned by a community nurse. Which of the following represents the best target group for this project?
Employees at a local manufacturing plant.
In order to understand the rate of growth of a community, the nurse requires which of the following pieces of data?
Estimate of the full-time residents over a period of time.
The community nurse is aware that health promotion programs are primarily designed to accomplish which goal?
Expand the potential for health & personal development.
Which of the following scenarios BEST reflects a biophysical factor for contributing to family's state of homelessness?
Following a kidney transplant, 40% of family income was required for anti-rejection medications.
The nurse is aware the concept of casualty is likely present in which of the following events:
Following the use of marijuana, a construction worker falls off a roof.
Following a patient's treatment for Addison's disease, the nurse plans for the patient's discharge. The patient asks the nurse how long he must continue receiving medication. The nurse's response should include which?
For the rest of your life.
The nurse is caring for a patient 12 hours after aortofemoral bypass. It is MOST important for the nurse to place the patient in which of the following positions?
Full supine
Health promotion programs in the workplace have a focus towards which of the following?
Healthy lifestyle choices
A nurse is applying for a staff position to provide hospice care. The primary objective of this type of nursing is focused towards which of the following?
Help maintain client integrity and comfort
The nurse recognizes that which symptom is characteristic if impending diabetic ketoacidosis?
Hot, dry, flushed skin, excessive thirst, rapid pulse
When applying the epidemiological triangle to a disaster event, the nurse recognizes the host as which of the following?
Human characteristics that influence the severity of the disaster effects.
The nurse cares for a patient receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) & hydrochiorothiazine (HCTZ). The nurse understands that a major side effect of hydrochiorothiazine (HCTZ) includes which?
Hypokalemia
The nurse performs discharge teaching for a patient receiving an antihypertensive medication. The nurse determines that further teaching is necessary when the patient makes which of the following statements?
I can stop taking the medication when my blood pressure goes down.
The home care nurse visits a patient with a new permanent pacemaker implanted in the area below the left clavicle. It is MOST important for the nurse to respond to which of the following?
I know my wound is healing because I see drainage from the incision site (drainage, swelling, redness and overall fever indicates infection)
The nurse instructs a patient about hypertension. Which of the following statements, if made by the patient to the nurse, indicates teaching is successful?
I know that I muse see my physical on a regular basis.
The home care nurse instructs a patient diagnosed with Addison's disease about precautions to take to avoid Addisonian crisis. Which statement, if made by the patient to the nurse, indicates that teaching is successful?
I should increase my salt intake during very hot weather.
A patient is diagnosed with angina, and the nurse instructs the patient about care at home. The nurse determines that teaching is effective if the patient makes which of the following statements?
If I have chest pain, I should stop my activity and take a nitroglycerin tablet.
The nurse is teaching a patient diagnosed with heart failure about prescribed medication. The nurse explains the purse of digoxin (Lanoxin) includes which of the following?
Increase the strength of the heart's contractions.
A patient is evaluated in the outpatient clinic for hypothyroidism. The nurse would expect the patient to exhibit which symptom?
Increasing fatigue
The nurse understands that the purpose of a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is to:
Insert the graft
In an effort to develop an education program to lower the incidence of Lyme disease in a New England town, the nurse begins with studying the prevalence. Which of the following reflects this concept?
Looking at the number of reported cases over the past three years.
THe nurse is caring for a patient receiving methyldopa (Aldomet). The nurse instructs the patient that a common side effect of Aldomet is which of the following?
Loss of libido
A predominantly rural town of 25,000 residents has an annual influx of 5,000 migrant workers from May to September. The nurse identifies which aspect of the population perspective is represented by this incidence?
Mobility
The nurse instructs a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about proper meal planning. Which action should the nurse take FIRST?
Obtain a diet history that includes the patient's favorite foods and usual meal patterns.
A nurse receives a large grant for the purpose of educating a state about the leading cause of death due to infectious disease in the United States. The nurse develops a television-based public service announcement focused on which of the following?
Pneumonia
What are the major types of interventions typically planned by community health nurses?
Policy setting & implementation Screening programs Increasing community self-help Health education programs Establishment of service
A continuous intravenous infusion of herapin is administered to a patient. It is MOST important for the nurse to have which of the following medications available?
Protamine sulfate
A Patient is started on sodium warfarin (Coumadin). The nurse instructs the patient to regularly obtain bloodwork to measure which of the following?
Prothrombin time
The nurse identifies which of the following characteristics BEST serves as an indicator as a community's social index?
Ratio of firefighters to residents
The cardiac nurse instructs a patient scheduled to receive a pacemaker about how the usual cardiac conduction cycle flows. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the natural pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
The nurse performs diet teaching for a patient diagnosed with myocardial infarction. The nurse determines that teaching is effective if the patient selects which of the following menus?
Sliced turkey, green beans, bear.
Which factors influence a community's potential for violence?
Social conditions and multiple demands on the population's economic conditions.
In teaching a patient with Addison's disease about dietary needs, the nurse should emphasize the importance of consuming which nutrient?
Sodium
The nurse performs dietary teaching for a patient diagnosed with Graves' disease. The nurse determines further teaching is required when the patient selects which food?
Tea
A community nurse leads a discussion about primary prevention. The example to best reflect this level is which of the following?
Teaching parenting classes to women in their second trimester of pregnancy.
The nurse counsels a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The patient states, " I don't think that I can follow this diet!" Which response by the nurse is MOST appropriate?
Tell me what you find frustrating about he diet?
An older client has a medical history that includes hypertension. A public health nurse visits the client regularly and on each visit records the vital signs. The nurse expects which of the following findings for this client?
Temperature (96.8 degrees F(36degrees C)), blood pressure 160/92, pulse 80, respirations 24.
The home care nurse monitors a client 7 days after a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. The nurse should intervene if which is observed?
The client brushes teeth morning and night.
The nurse supervises care for a patient who had a femoropopliteal bypass graft in the right leg 12 hours ago. The nurse should intervene if which of the following is observed?
The client sits in a chair for 30 minutes. The nurse obtains a Doppler evaluation of the client's right leg every two hours.
The nurse cares for a patient after a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Which observations during the postoperative period MOST concerns to the nurse?
The heavy chest tube drainage suddenly stops.
THe office nurse prepares a client for a resting electrocardiogram (EKG). Which of the following statements by the client indicates teaching is successful?
The more still I can lie, the better the results will be.
The nurse cares for a patient following a myocardial infarction. Which of the following information, obtained during the health history, is MOST significant when planning for the patient's discharge?
The patient has a high-stress job.
A patient is treated for iron deficiency anemia and is started on heparin after a deep vein thrombosis is diagnosed in the left leg. Which of the following observations MOST concerns the nurse.
The patient has a nosebleed.
The nurse cares for patients on the medical unit. Propranolol (Inderal) is ordered for a patient. WHich of the following information found in the patient's history should cause the nurse to intervene?
The patient has had asthma since childhood.
The nurse cares for a patient diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse is MOST concerned if what is observed:
The patient is eating ice chips *water intake is restricted because of water excess
The nurse is planning discharge teaching for a patient diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease. It is MOST important for the nurse to address which of the following?
The patient smokes heavily
In formulating a nursing care plan for a patient following a myocardial infarction, the nurse should include which of the following goals?
The patient will be free from pain and dysrhythmias.
The nurse cares for a patient diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. The physician prescribes vasopressin (Pitressin). The nurse determines that the medication is effective if what is observed?
The patient's specific gravity is 1.015
The nurse instructs a client in the outpatient clinic about a stress test. Which of the following statements by the nurse is BEST?
The stress test will determine the amount of stress that your heart can tolerate.
A patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse why she can't "take a pill" for diabetes. What BEST describes the action of oral hypoglycemic agents?
They stimulate beta cells in the pancreas to release endogenous insulin.
The nurse in the outpatient clinic cares for a patient with the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. The nurse should expect to observe which symptom?
Thin legs and arms.
The nurse counsels a patient about preparation for a subtotal thyroidectomy. The patient asks the nurse why the physician has prescribed strong iodine solution (Lugol's solution). Which response by the nurse is best?
This medication will prevent postoperative hemorrhage.
The nurse educator conducts an orientation class for new graduate nurses who will be caring patients on the medical surgical unit. The educator should remind the nurses that the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram (EKG) reflects which of the following?
Ventricular depolarization
The nurse understands that the antagonist of Coumadin is which of following?
Vitamin K
The physician prescribes hydrochiorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) 50 mg once a day for a patient. When is the BEST time for the nurse to administer this medication?
With breakfast
The nurse instructs a patient about insulin self-administration. It is MOST important for the nurse to make which statement?
You should rotate the injection sites.
The nurse recognizes that the type of edema related to cardiac failure is usually:
dependent
Coronary artery disease (CAD
most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease in adults -modifiable factors are smoking, hypertension, inactivity, obesity & diabetes, atherosclerosis causes ischemia resulting in angina, MI and sudden death. Focus to to prevent disease by modifying risk factors
The nurse understands that the cause of essential hypertension is:
not known
The community nurse plans to address the physical environment within a community through assessing the:
number of homes in the area with in-group swimming pools.
Pain in the lower extremities not relieved by rest indicates
peripheral arterial disease
Vasopressor (dopamine)
used to improve blood pressure, cardiac output, urine output