Praxis PLT Study Guide (5622) part 1

d. conservation of mass

A second grade teacher does a demonstration where she fills the same cup with water and then pours it into different-shaped containers. One container is tall and thin, while the other is short and wide. She asks students which container holds more water and some students answer correctly while others choose the taller, larger container. What concept is the teacher evaluating? a. abstract reasoning b. object permanence c. cognitive development d. conservation of mass

c. analysis

A social studies class is learning about the causes of the American Revolution. The teacher asks the students to find three reasons for the Revolution that are outlined in the Declaration of Independence. Based on Bloom's Taxonomy, which of the following is the highest level of thinking required for the assignment? a. synthesis b. application c. analysis d. knowlege

b. discovery learning

A social studies teacher has students work together to create a "smart" city. As part of the assignment, students must interview someone from City Hall and the teacher helps make arrangements. This approach to learning is considered: a. social learning b. discovery learning c. cognitive learning d. metacognition

c. the student is more aware of the world around them and engages in logical thinking

According to Piaget, which of the following behaviors may a teacher first notice during a student's concrete operational stage of development? a. the student can make hypotheses and determine whether or not their hypotheses are correct b. the student applies correct grammatical skills when speaking and has increased communication skills c. the student is more aware of the world around them and engages in logical thinking d. the student primarily relies on trial and error to learn new skills

b. repeated exposure to the vocabulary that helps place it in the students' schemas

During a class discussion, a teacher requires students to respond to questions and to ask other complete sentences and at least one vocabulary word in each speaking turn. The teacher has provided sentence stems and has a word wall for reference. The greatest benefit of this practice is: a. increased engagement and participation in the discussion b. repeated exposure to the vocabulary that helps place it in the students' schema c. improved conversational skills d. a transfer of learning

d. students can view how their writing has improved over time

Mrs. Langston is an English teacher and requires her students to keep a portfolio of their writing assignments, which includes drafts and final copies. The greatest benefit to the portfolios is that: a. Mrs. Langston can quickly retrieve past assignments b. the portfolios can serve as a predictor of future performance for students c. parents are able to view their children's work d. students can view how their writing has improved over time

b. a test with a set standard, or amount correct, required to pass

Mrs. Larken is providing information to her class about an upcoming state-mandated standardized test. She explains that this test is a criterion-referenced test. Which of the following describes a criterion-referenced test? a. a test that compares the score to a "norm group" b. a test with a set standard, or amount correct, required to pass c. a multiple choice test d. a test where more points are lost for an incorrect answer than for a question unanswered

a. concrete operational

Mrs. Lilly, a fifth-grade teacher, is explaining to her students how the moon influences ocean tides. She uses a visual aid of a ball and two buckets of water to enhance student learning because her students are probably at what stage of development in terms of Piaget's theory? a. concrete operational b. sensorimotor c. preoperaiotnal d. formal operational

c. the student's solutions prove viable, although they give the initial appearance of novelty

Which of the following descriptors best characterizes creativity? a. the student's ideas are generated in spurts, few of which tend to be relevant to solving a specific problem b. the student's solutions are generally based on established perspectives or frameworks c. the student's solutions prove viable, although they give the initial appearance of novelty d. the student's abilities typically apply uniformly across all learning domains, not just one

c. teach learning strategies and have students pinpoint which would work best with new assignments

Which of the following examples would best help students to improve their skills of metacognition? a. have students create original creative writing pieces b. create lessons that relate to different learning styles c. teach learning strategies and have students pinpoint which would work best with new assignments d. give students the ability to choose their own assignments

a. providing mnemonic devices, such as rhymes and limericks that aid the memory

Which of the following interventions would be most effective in helping someone overcome encoding issues? a. providing mnemonic devices, such as rhymes and limericks that aid the memory b. practices that aid with the retrieval of stored memories through repetition and other recursive activities c. telling the individual to relax, given that stress can impair the encoding process d. providing the individual with caffeine, as it stimulates brain function

b. it decreases the amount of time students must wait to find out their grade on a summative assessment

Which of the following is NOT a reasonable use of peer-assessment? a. it provides opportunities for small group discussion and clarification of new information b. it decreases the amount of time students must wait to find out their grade on a summative assessment c. it provides immediate feedback to a student on a formative, informal assessment, which would then be turned in to the teacher for use in planning further instruction d. it provides immediate feedback on an in-class activity

b. completing a science lab experiment to prove a hypothesis

Which of the following is NOT an example of transfer of learning? a. taking algebra as a prerequisite to physics b. completing a science lab experiment to prove a hypothesis c. learning French more easily because of knowing how to speak Latin or Spanish d. developing collaborative skills for the workplace by participating in a group project

a. it uses positive and negative stimulus to get a particular outcome

Which of the following is a description of Skinner's learning theory of operant conditioning? a. it uses positive and negative stimulus to get a particular outcome b. positive stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus and repeated. Then the positive stimulus is removed and the neutral stimulus has the same effect c. in order for a student to meet their full potential, they must meet a series of basic needs d. students learn by repeating a series of stimulus and response

c. think abstractly and use deductive logic

Which of the following is a skill only possible during Piaget's formal operations phase? a. comprehend the world through objects b. begin to think abstractly c. think abstractly and use deductive logic d. learn only by seeing things work to understand the process

b. allow students room to control the discussion and share their thoughts thoroughly and often

Which of the following is best for a teacher to do when leading a class problem-based discussion? a. feed students lines that will prompt correct answers b. allow students room to control the discussion and share their thoughts thoroughly and often c. control the discussion so as to model how students should interact d. make sure to provide insights after each student comments

d. social learning

Which of the following is not a method used within the constructivist learning theory a. scaffolding b. problem-based learning c. zone of proximal development d. social learning

b. providing students with inquiry-based cooperative learning activities

Which of the following is the best practice for promoting a positive learning environment? a. subtracting class points for the day according to students' behavior at regular intervals b. providing students with inquiry-based cooperative learning activities c. conducting lessons in lecture format d. creating class rules without student input

b. building on skills that a student already has

Which of the following is the correct definition of scaffolding? a. understanding rules that govern the construction of words into phrases or sentences b. building on skills that a student already has c. breaking words into small parts to sound it out d. hearing the different sounds of human speech

c. understanding how people learn and incorporate new information into their schema

Which of the following is the explanation of learning theory? a. differentiated instruction to meet the needs of individual learners b. a method of classroom management to increase student participation c. understanding how people learn and incorporate new information into their schema d. a method of teaching reading to struggling readers

a. create: the ability to produce original thoughts or ideas

Which of the following is the highest level of thinking according to the modern Bloom's Taxonomy? a. create: the ability to produce original thoughts or ideas b. create: the ability to troubleshoot or solve problem c. evaluation: the ability to build and recognize patterns d. evaluation: the ability to judge the quality and values of ideas

c. improving responses and increasing the number of students participating

Which of the following is the primary reason for increasing the amount of time between asking a question and calling on a student to respond? a. allowing lessons to last longer b. making it easier for students to compare answers with peers before volunteering c. improving responses and increasing the number of students participating d. providing time for the teacher to give non-verbal clues as to the answer

a. identifying mastered skills and skills in need of further development

Which of the following is the primary reason that teachers administer formative assessments? a. identifying mastered skills and skills in need of further development b. determining current knowledge before beginning a unit of study c. comparing student performance to that of same-age peers across the country d. assessing student performance at the end of a chapter of study

b. expository teaching

Which of the following kinds of instruction is frequently contrasted with discovery learning? a. simulation games b. expository teaching c. mastery learning d. schema training

a. asking students to find new solutions to existing problems

Which of the following practices allows students to demonstrate learning has occurred according to the cognitive theory of learning? a. asking students to find new solutions to existing problems b. giving weekly timed tests over previously taught information c. comparing pre-unit assessments to post-unit exam scores d. allowing students to grade their own homework

a. ask the question, wait 5-10 seconds, and then call on a specific student to answer

Which would be the recommended sequence to follow when asking questions in the classroom? a. ask the question, wait 5-10 seconds, and then call on a specific student to answer b. ask the question, then call on a specific student to answer, no wait time needed c. call on a specific student, wait 5-10 seconds, and then ask the question d. call on a specific student, ask the question, then wait 5-10 seconds

c. abstract thought

A 7th-grade ELA teacher notices that a student is only picking up concrete concepts and struggles to understand figurative or identify subtextual story elements such as theme. This might indicate that the student is delayed in exhibiting what characteristic of the "formal operations" stage of cognitive development? a. egocentric thought b. concrete operations c. abstract thought d. logical thought

b. inform upcoming instructional strategies

A mathematics teacher gives her classes a two-question clicker quiz at the end of each class period and tabulates their answers according to their mathematical understanding, misconceptions, and error patterns. If her goal is improvement in her student's mathematical proficiency, her best use of the data would be to use it to: a. develop instruction that connects mathematical concepts and procedures b. inform upcoming instructional strategies c. create a display highlighting mathematical vocabulary for ELLs d. teach students to model and solve problems in other disciplines

b. a token-reward system

A teacher gives a sticker to a second-grade student with an emotional disability each time he uses polite words or raises his hand. At the end of the day, he can trade in his stickers for a prize. What behavioral strategy is the teacher using? a. a self-management system b. a token-reward system c. a modeling strategy d. a reinforcement schedule

b. concrete operations

At which of the following phases do children begin to think logically? a. preoperational b. concrete operations c. sensorimotor d. formal operations

d. read the essay aloud, in unison with the children, then leave it displayed where they can examine it

For developing the language abilities of kindergarteners, which of the following would be the most appropriate way to follow up the writing of a group essay? a. prepare a list of the most difficult words for the children to learn to spell b. show the children how to revise the sentences to make them longer and more complex structurally c. have the children print the essay for themselves, practice writing it, using cursive letters d. read the essay aloud, in unison with the children, then leave it displayed where they can examine it

d. Do I consistently address all my students' intellectual involvement and active learning preferences when I design my lessons?

If Mr. Melton desires to evaluate the learning environment in his classroom, which of the following would be the most important question to ask himself? a. Is my personal philosophy toward instruction and continuing education in touch with students of the 21st century? b. Do I engage my students in thinking critically and consistently use appropriate wait time? c. Have I fully covered the state standards assigned to my subject area? d. Do I consistently address all my students' intellectual involvement and active learning preferences when I design my lessons?

c. incorporate books and other resources that represent a variety of cultural perspectives into classroom learning lessons

Mr. Newton, an elementary teacher, is organizing his classroom resources for the upcoming school year. One of his goals for the year is to help students appreciate and understand cultural diversity. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for meeting this goal? a. create a learning center activity about various cultures for individual students to complete independently b. create a calendar that highlights the holidays and significant celebrations of various cultures c. incorporate books and other resources that represent a variety of cultural perspectives into classroom learning lesson d. place posters on the walls depicting various cultures

d. using varied strategies and adjusting communication to reach all students

Mr. Prince teaches fourth-grade math. He records his lessons and posts them online for students to watch when they need to review. He explains verbally and writes down instruction. He also offers manipulatives for the class to use when needed. Mr. Prince's way of teaching is a great example of: a. working too hard to teach simple concepts b. visual teaching styles c. using technology to teach students d. using varied strategies and adjusting communication to reach all students

d. flexibility and the ability to adjust a lesson that is not working as intended

Mr. Valdez planned a revision lesson where he shows the class before and after examples of the rough and final draft of an essay. He then provides class time for students to begin revising their work, but many students are emphatic that their essay is done and want to turn it in as is. Mr. Valdez backs up and models the process of revision, and writes a list on the board, specifying what to look for as they revise. What does Mr. Valdez demonstrate in this scenario? a. willingness to allow students to learn from their mistakes b. cross-curricular collaboration c. the ability to empathize with his students d. flexibility and the ability to adjust a lesson that is not working as intended

c. intrinsically motivated by interest in the content

Sara is a student who reads above grade-level and discusses ideas at a high level, but has been known to neglect class work and leave assignments unfinished when she does not see the point. She is not motivated by grades and her participation depends mostly on the subject being studied. Which of the following best describes Sara? a. externally motivated by grades b. intrinsically motivated by a love a reading c. intrinsically motivated by interest in the content d. externally motivated by teacher approval

a. create heterogeneous groups with a defined goal, where all students have a specific, unique role in achieving the goal

Students in Mr. Clark's classroom has a wide range of academic ability levels. Mr. Clark wants to regularly use group activities to support the classroom learning objectives. Which of the following strategies is most likely to help promote the success of all students during these group activities? a. create heterogeneous groups with a defined goal, where all students have a specific, unique role in achieving the goal b. allow students to form their own groups and select a goal that will help reinforce classroom learning objectives c. create homogenous groups, with a defined goal, where all students have a specific, unique role in achieving the goal d. randomly group students together and have groups compete against each other to achieve a goal

b. cognitivism

Students who have mastered a set of information can apply what they've learned to a new situation. This statement is aligned with which of the following theories? a. connectivism b. cognitivism c. constructivism d. behaviorism

c. reading a novel and researching the time period it was in

What is an example of an interdisciplinary lesson? a. completing a math problem and reviewing it with your teacher b. reviewing how to do a science lab and creating a poster on your favorite science topic c. reading a novel and researching the time period it was in d. reading a novel and writing an essay on it

d. able to write paragraphs

Which of the following behaviors is not common for a seven-year-old student? a. able to recognize left and right b. able to tell time c. able to understand use multiple-meaning words d. able to write paragraphs

b. a systematic collection of materials selected to demonstrate a persons' level of knowledge, skill, or ability in a particular area

Which of the following best defines a portfolio assessment? a. an explicit set of criteria used for assessing a particular type of work or performance that usually includes potential levels of achievement for each criterion b. a systematic collection of materials selected to demonstrate a persons' level of knowledge, skill, or ability in a particular area c. an information written record for tracking a child's social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development d. a tool used to gather information that can help teachers make sense of educational situations, gauge the effectiveness of educational practices, and plan for improvement

d. the final score is based on the overall quality of the content of the mechanics

Which of the following best describes holistic scoring regarding a writing assignment? a. the score best reflects the students' self-assessment of the work b. the writing is divided into parts and each part is given a distinct grade c. the assignment is used to rank students' ability within the grade-level classroom d. the final score is based on the overall quality of the content of the mechanics

d. classroom-specific homework assignments and due dates

Which of the following can be communicated through an open forum where all students, parents, and teachers can view the information? a. students' learning disability diagnoses and curriculum modifications b. students' progress reports c. standardized testing scores d. classroom-specific homework assignments and due dates

c. providing student-specific instruction in areas where students struggle

Which of the following characteristics is considered a strength of a flexible ability group? a. reducing student stigmatization by teaching the same curriculum b. providing opportunities for more able students to assist less able peers in learning c. providing student-specific instruction in areas where students struggle d. maintaining high level of expectations for all students

b. a 504 plan is the same as an IEP and they can be used interchangeably

Which of the following does not accurately reflect the 504 designation? a. a 504 plan provides requirements for classroom teachers to adjust instruction or the environment in various ways to better meet the student's needs b. a 504 plan is the same as an IEP and they can be used interchangeably c. a 504 plan defines accommodations for student success in the general education classroom when the student has an impairment that significantly impacts their life d. the document may require accommodations like providing notes to a student instead of expecting them to copy the projected notes, or providing a seating assignment that decreases distractions

b. percentile rank

Which of the following is a type of test score used to show a student's relative position among a group so students in the same grade who are tested at the same time? a. percent correct b. percentile rank c. raw score d. composite score

d. all of these examples of speech impairments

Which of the following is an example of a speech impairment? a. stuttering b. voice problems c. articulation issues d. all of these are examples of speech impairments

c. explain why the established rules are necessary for enhancing student cooperation

Which of the following is best for a teacher to do when establishing classroom rules? a. mention the rules once at the beginning of the school year b. state the rules in a forceful way to establish authority c. explain why the established rules are necessary for enhancing student cooperation d. create as many rules as possible to guarantee order and control in the classroom

c. building on skills that a student already has

Which of the following is the correct definition of scaffolding? a. understanding rules that govern the construction of words into phrases or sentences b. breaking words into small parts to sound it out c. building on skills that a student already has d. hearing the different sounds of human speech

b. using deductive reasoning

Which of the following skills is typically developed in the "formal operations" stage of cognitive development? a. using inductive reasoning b. using deductive reasoning c. develop egocentric thought d. gaining object permanence

a. sequence

Which of the following terms refers to how the material is ordered and displayed to students? a. sequence b. integration c. continuity d. planning

b. provide calendars to the students with the project due date marked, then ask them to create a plan when each part of the project should be completed along the way

Which of the following would most help students develop time-management skills while working on a multi-step project that extends across many weeks? a. require students to journal their progress and describe their next steps at the end of each class period b. provide calendars to the students with the project due date marked, then ask them to create a plan when each part of the project should be completed along the way c. ask the librarian to demonstrate to students how best to maintain research notes through a research project d. allow students to create and have access to a computer folder to store and maintain their research notes and outlines

d. young people develop moral values without the influence of family or friends

Which statement does not correctly apply to moral development? a. teachers must work to create a classroom where justice and empathy guide student choices b. morality is often based on what society thinks is good c. moral development begins later than other areas of development d. young people develop moral values without the influence of family or friends

c. concrete operational

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, a typically developing fourth-grade student is in which stage of development? a. formal operational b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. sensorimotor

a. inclusion of multiple perspectives b. investigation of primary sources

A 10th-grade history teacher wants to promote higher-order thinking in their students. The teacher is planning a unit on colonial America. Which of the following elements should be included in this unit to work toward this objective? Select all that apply. a. inclusion of multiple perspectives b. investigation of primary sources c. a graphic organizer to help students take notes d. a textbook chapter about pre-colonial America

c. the new teacher is asked by the department head to help present the idea to their principal and solicit his help by discussing it with the middle school principal

A department meeting with fifth-grade and sixth-grade language arts teachers is held to discuss a lack of student ability to recognize and understand the use of root words and affixes in the vocabulary-building process. A new teacher states that at the elementary school, a big emphasis is made to align different roots and affixes by each grade level so that a logical progression can be made from grade to the next. The intermediate teachers decide to meet with the teachers at the elementary feeder school to see what approaches have been used successfully in the fourth-grade to reinforce these concepts. In addition, the teachers thought it might be beneficial to meet with the seventh-grade LA teachers to determine if there is any pattern in student reading or writing skills that would indicate a lack of quality foundation that they could be reinforcing at the intermediate level. Which of the following would be the best way to affect this plan? a. the new teacher writes a formal letter to the LA department head at the middle school presenting the request that was discussed at the meeting b. the new intermediate teacher has a friend at the middle school who teaches LA seventh grade. She decides to ask her friend to get together with the other LA teachers to arrange the collaborative meeting between the two schools c. the new teacher is asked by the department head to help present the idea to their principal and solicit his help by discussing it with the middle school principal d. the new teacher calls the elementary school principal and makes the request for a collaborative meeting between the two schools' LA teachers

a. a handout with examples, prompts, and blanks where the student can write their investigation question and define their system

A fifth-grade class has been learning why we need to define a system during an investigation. To reinforce the learning, the teacher asks students to imagine they are scientists getting ready to investigate something in their own lives, for example, a particular aspect of a sport, or an activity the student likes to do. After helping each student define the question they might investigate, the teacher wants the students to define the system of their investigation. Which of the following will best enable the students to successfully complete the task? a. a handout with examples, prompts, and blanks where the student can write their investigation question and define their system b. a presentation from a local scientist on what they study and how they defined their system c. class time for the students to work on defining their system d. a list of examples of define systems, such as the solar system, biological classification systems, and the periodic table of the elements

b. analyze information from the articles

A fifth-grade science teacher has students read several articles about renewable and non-renewable resources. After reading, the students create a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the energy sources. This follow-up activity is likely to be most effective in helping students: a. identify facts and opinions in the articles b. analyze information from the articles c. determine the best energy source d. comprehend nonfiction text

c. use scaffolding to guide students in creating the evaluation criteria, then have students use those standards in assessing their own work

A fifth-grade teacher uses science labs to reinforce concepts. The teacher would like to have students use self-assessment skills as a part of the process of evaluating their lab reports. Which of the following is the most effective method of self-assessment? a. require students to write an evaluation of their work based on the standards they deem most important b. provide students a student-created rubric from a previous year and ask them to use it to evaluate their work c. use scaffolding to guide students in creating the evaluation criteria, then have students use those standards in assessing their own work d. provide students a rubric to evaluate their work

a. apply

A first-grade teacher has designed a lesson on place value that used during small-group instruction. As part of the lesson, the teacher will say a two-digit number, and students will complete the following tasks: MAKE IT: students represent the two-digit number using base-ten blocks; CHART IT: students fill in a place-value chart with the correct digits; WRITE IT: students write the number in standard form. In this activity, students are mainly operating at which level of Bloom's taxonomy? a. apply b. evaluate c. create d. remember

c. "What background knowledge do my students have about farms?"

A first-grade teacher is planning a lesson on story elements. As part of the lesson, the teacher plans to read a story that takes place on a farm. Which of the following questions should the teacher consider to increase the likelihood of an effective lesson? a. "Have my students shown an interest in farms?" b. "How can I connect this lesson to a future science lesson?" c. "What background knowledge do my students have about farms?" d. "Is this book available in the school library?"

c. is using a developmentally appropriate strategy to represent the concept of addition

A first-grade teacher notices that a student is solving addition problems by drawing circles then counting the total. This should indicate to the teacher that the student: a. should be evaluated for a potential learning disability b. needs additional practice in order to recall additional facts with automaticity c. is using a developmentally appropriate strategy to represent the concept of addition d. does not have a concrete understanding of addition

d. active engagement in the instructional activities greatly increases students' learning ability

A fourth-grade science teacher plans an experiment where students can freely manipulate the material, compare progress, and share their conclusions with their classmates. Which of the following is best demonstrated in the teacher's instructional strategy? a. student involvement in classroom activities increases with a decrease in classroom structure b. the students' ability to learn is greatest when they direct their own learning c. students must have peer interaction to obtain new knowledge d. active engagement in the instructional activities greatly increases students' learning ability

a. scaffolded

A fourth-grade teacher has noticed that the students are struggling with equivalent fractions. The teacher spends two days reviewing concepts from second and third grade. This approach is known as what type of instruction? a. scaffolded b. formal c. individualized d. differentiated

b. self-regulation

A fourth-grade teacher is planning on giving new seat assignments to her class. She knows that some students will be disappointed that they are not seated near friends. Before telling their new seats, she reviews socially-appropriate responses to their placement. What skills is the teacher reinforcing for her students? a. confidence b. self-regulation c. independence d. self-advocacy

a. ask students to write their own persuasive text

A language arts teacher has asked students to evaluate an example of a persuasive text by critiquing or defending the piece in a small group discussion. Which activity should the teacher plan to include a task that increases the rigor of the assignment based on Bloom's Taxonomy? a. ask students to write their own persuasive text b. assessment whether students are able to recognize persuasive writing in the real world c. ask students to list the characteristics of persuasive writing d. ask students to compare the claims in 2 different persuasive texts

b. information processing

A math teacher prefers to use cognitivist learning methods. She gives students highly-challenging problems after teaching algorithms because they can follow the steps sequentially. They will access their schema through mapping. What is this method called? a. reflection b. information processing c. conditioning d. differentiation

c. talk with the new teacher and offer to modify the test together next time so that it is aligned with the IEP goals

A new teacher is giving her first social studies test and needs to modify it for her students with an IEP. She is unsure of how to change the questions so she just spaces them out and removes one answer choice. Overall, the students who take this test do poorly. What should the special education teacher do? a. reassure the new teacher that she did the right thing and that the special education students often perform poorly on exams b. talk with the new teacher and have her excuse the students from the test c. talk with the new teacher and offer to modify the test together next time so that it is aligned with the IEP goals d. offer the new teacher a conference of professional development seminar on modifying tests

b. are the colors matching in the space and does it look appealing?

A new teacher is setting up her classroom and wants to ensure the space is ideal for learning. Which of the following is the least important question this teacher should ask when determining the layout of the classroom? a. are all students able to access what they need in the space? b. are the colors matching in the space and does it look appealing? c. are there any things in the space that might hinder a student's ability to perform in the space? d. do all students have a clear view of the teacher if needed?

d. the students are not familiar with the conservation of volume

A preschool class has one bucket of water. After pouring the water into four smaller buckets, many students say that they now have more water. The teacher's best assessment of the incident would be: a. many of the students demonstrate early signs of a cognitive developmental delay b. the teacher has not adequately provided the students with the instruction necessary to meet grade-level expectations c. the students are in need of accommodated instruction d. the students are not familiar with the conservation of volume

d. that he has not grasped the concept of a whole and its part

A preschooler has two breakable graham crackers. The child states when he breaks the two into four separate but equal crackers, he now has more graham crackers. The best assessment of this child's thinking is: a. that he does not understand how to count b. that he appears to be immature and presumably has a developmental delay problem c. that the child needs to be taught through a hands-on modality d. that he has not grasped the concept of a whole and its parts

c. institute additional wait time after questions to give all students an opportunity to formulate a response

A school administrator observes a third-grade classroom and notices the same five students answer a majority of the questions posed by the teacher. When the administrator visits with the teacher, the teacher comments that those five students are part of the gifted and talented program. Which of the following steps should the teacher take to create a more equitable classroom environment? a. encourage quiet students to participate more in class and give them additional points on assignments for responding b. put each student's name on a popsicle stick and draw to call on each time a question is asked c. institute additional wait time after questions to give all students an opportunity to formulate a response d. seat students in groups to debrief after lessons and then call on each group one at a time to respond to questions

d. how do you how the triangle is the strongest shape for support

A science class has been broken up into 4 students and tasked with constructing the strongest bridge between 2 desks. Which of the following questions most promotes higher-order thinking during this activity? a. which shape is the strongest b. did that strategy work for your group c. who came up with the idea to use a triangle d. how do you know the triangle is the strongest shape for support

a. writing a short story about the typical day of a white blood cell from the perspective of a white blood cell

A science class has just completed an instructional unit about the immune system and how it fights off infection and disease. Which of the following student activities would demonstrate the highest level of critical thinking? a. writing a short story about the typical day of a white blood cell from the perspective of a white blood cell b. making a list of common illnesses that the students face during the school year c. drawing a picture of a white blood cell and identifying the various parts d. completing a multiple-choice assessment about the concepts covered during the instructional unit

c. by helping him understand and be able to monitor his progress in implementing the new organizational strategies

A student asks his teacher to help him become better organized. After discussing the situation with the student and offering strategies to improve the student's organization, the student and offering strategies to improve the student's organization, the teacher offers to meet with him once a week for a few weeks. This is mostly likely to benefit the student in which way? a. by fostering his ability to adapt his lifestyle to accommodate various lifestyle changes or needs b. by fostering a positive attitude toward school and authority figures c. by helping him understand and be able to monitor progress in implementing the new organizational strategies d. by encouraging him to use higher-order thinking skills to solve problems in the future

d. deliver instruction to the student in the least restrictive environment

A student with disabilities is enrolling in a new school. In order to prepare for this new student, the school should understand the legal rights of the student and the responsibility of the school to: a. allow the student to be grouped with students have similar disabilities b. edit the student's IEP each grading period, based on their performance c. ensure the student is able to make passing grades in reading and math the same level as their grade level d. deliver instruction to the student in the least restrictive environment

c. analyze

A teacher asks her students to compare and contrast a pair of thesis statements. According to Bloom's Taxonomy, what level best aligns with this task? a. remember b. understand c. analyze d. evaluate

c. knowledge

A teacher asks their class the following question: How many ounces are in a pound? At what level of Bloom's Taxonomy is this question a. analysis b. evaluation c. knowledge d. synthesis

b. respondent conditioning

A teacher has implemented an auditory cue of sounding a tone when it is time to transition to a new activity. When the tone plays the students clap their hands. This is an example of what type of conditioning? a. negative conditioning b. respondent conditioning c. operant conditioning d. cognitive conditioning

d. reading, identifying, and highlighting information in articles that contain pertinent information to the subject being researched

A teacher has introduced a research project. One resource the teacher will require the students to use is a website. Which of the following activities would best help students differentiate between relevant and irrelevant information? a. discussing how best to use a search engine to find relevant articles b. teaching the students how to read and assess titles of articles to see if they contain relevant information c. highlighting the first and last paragraph of each section and assessing the highlighted sentences to see if they contain information related to the research topic d. reading, identifying, and highlighting information in articles that contain pertinent information to the subject being researched

c. increase higher-order thinking skills

A teacher has the following question stems written in their lesson plans: "How would you portray..." "What is the most important..." "Rank the importance of..." The teacher is most likely trying to: a. script their lesson b. understand student perconceptions c. increase higher-order thinking skills d. get to know their students' interests

b. informal formative assessment

A teacher is monitoring her class while the students are involved in a group activity exploring the size of angels in a set of triangles. She moves from group to group, pausing and watching the group dynamics. What the teacher is doing can best be described as: a. formal formative assessment b. informal formative assessment c. informal summative assessment d. formal summative assessment

d. allow students to choose their own topic or project

A teacher is planning a long-term project for the next unit of study. She would like for students to take ownership of their learning. Which of the following will best help achieve this goal? a. provide a rubric so the students are aware of the grading standards b. providing students with an editing checklist that indicates what to look for in their peer's essay c. allow students to use a dictionary to check for accurate spelling while they edit their peer's writing d. allow students to choose their own topic or project

a. concept map c. a brainstorming session d. an anticipatory guide

A teacher knows that activating students' prior knowledge before learning about a new topic is a great way to engage students and improve their learning experience. Which of the following activities can she use to accomplish this? Select all that apply. a. concept map b. an outline c. a brainstorming session d. an anticipatory guide

a. the teacher regularly takes on the role of a collaborator

A teacher often welcomes her peers into the classroom to observe her teaching methods. As well, the teacher meets with new teachers each week to help guide them through their first year of teaching. Aside from being approachable, the teacher also assembles a newsletter for teachers in the district to share insights about professional development and teaching best practices. The teacher's actions indicate which of the following? a. the teacher regularly takes on the role of the collaborator b. the teacher regularly acts a caregiver to those around her c. the teacher regularly embraces her role as community leaders d. the teacher regularly acts as both an educator and learner

d. having students work with a partner who is slightly more advanced in concept mastery

A teacher plans lessons that are primarily based on Lev Vygotsky's zone of proximal development. According to this theory, which of the following strategies will best support learning for middle school students? a. providing students with manipulatives and concrete examples b. grouping students with similar abilities to work together c. having students work silently and independently d. having students work with a partner who is slightly more advanced in concept mastery

b. a student creates a story about how winter would be better if snow were green and not white

According to Piaget's theory on stages of cognitive development, which of the following throughout processes best distinguishes a student at the formal operational stage? a. the student divides a pile of toy cars into trucks, vans, and cars b. a student creates a story about how winter would be better if snow were green and not white c. a student's rayon is hidden from view, and the student searches until they find the crayon d. a student divides one ball of clay into three balls of clay and declares they now more clay than before

c. urge Bob to confess his action to their mother because he broke the rules by lying, and people should never tell lies

A teacher shares with students the following scenario and asks the class to discuss the ethical decision-making implication of the situation: Bob asks his mother for $40 so that he can take a trip with the school hiking club. His mother tells him that if he contributes $20 of his own money, she will contribute the other $20. A week before the trip, Bob tells her mother that we will need $30 from her because he was only able to save $10. She gives him $30. Bob later tells his younger sister that he actually had $20 but lied to their mother so that we could have pocket money for the trip. What should Bob's sister do? A student at Kohlberg's stage 4 of moral development would most likely say that the sister should a. make a deal with Bob that if he will keep a secret for his sister in the future, she will not tell their mother b. tell their mother because the sister could also be punished if Bob gets caught c. urge Bob to confess his action to their mother because he broke the rules by lying and people should never tell lies d. encourage Bob to confess his action to their mother because he must be responsible for his own behavior

a. establishing criteria for a successful project

A teacher wants students to use peer assessment to improve the quality of their social studies project. What is the first step in guiding the students? a. establishing criteria for a successful project b. evaluating a sample project as a class c. determining which students will work together d. introducing a checklist for the project

b. collect review questions written by students

A teacher wants to create a test review game using a computer program to help students prepare for an end of unit exam. Which of the following would be the best strategy to use to develop the test review questions? a. write teacher-created review questions b. collect review questions written by students c. use sample questions provided by the computer program's question bank d. ask departmental colleagues to submit questions for the review

d. summative assessment

A test given at the end of a unit on weather and climate is an example of: a. performance assessment b. formative assessment c. self-assessment d. summative assessment

c. pair the vocabulary word with a picture and simple definition d. provide translated versions of the vocabulary words

A third-grade classroom includes several students who are ELLs. The students are reading a novel, and the teacher has introduced a list of vocabulary on the bulletin board. The ELL students are not currently reading on grade level. Which of the following strategies could help them to learn vocabulary words? (select all that apply) a. all the students to listen to the snippets of an audio version of the novel b. have students read an abridged version of the novel in their native language(s) c. pair the vocabulary word with a picture and simple definition d. provide translated versions of the vocabulary words

b. providing students with an editing checklist that indicates what to look for in their peer's essay

A third-grade teacher plans to have their students peer edit each other's essays for grammar and organization. Which of the following would be the most effective way to ensure that students provide one another with appropriate and valuable feedback? a. provide frequent verbal reminders encouraging students to closely examine their peer's writing b. providing students with an editing checklist that indicates what to look for in their peer's essay c. allow students to use a dictionary to check for accurate spelling while they edit their peer's writing d. explain to students that their feedback will be used as an assignment grade

b. cognitive scientists

A view held by __________ is that children do not learn language through stimulus-response connection, such as how the eye blinks when a buff of air hits it. Instead, this viewpoint would place importance on allowing for processing language before producing it. a. behaviorist scientists b. cognitive scientists c. linguists d. none of the above

c. artifact

A/n _____ is something human-made that has been preserved over a long period of time a. model b. fossil c. artifact d. manipulation

d. logical interpretations

According to Jean Piaget's periods of cognitive development, students in upper elementary begin to apply which of the following? a. hypothetical ideas b. symbolic thinking c. abstract ideas d. logical interpretations

a. spread an equal number of red, blue, and green paper clips in a grassy area and have students pick up as many as they can in 20 seconds

According to Vygotsky, teachers should plan lessons based on activities that students can complete without assistance and then build upon those skills. In order to teach the principal of camouflage as an adaptation to fourth-grade students, which activity is the best start to the lesson? a. spread an equal number of red, blue, and green paper clips in a grassy area and have students pick up as many as they can in 20 seconds b. have students color a butterfly to camouflage in the classroom c. provide pictures of camouflaged animals and have students identify the hidden animal d. begin with a pre-unit quiz to determine what concepts they already know

b. it improves student responses and questions

According to research, why is increased wait time after a teacher asks a question an effective instructional tool? a. it increases student understanding b. it improves student responses and questions c. it decreases off-task behaviors d. it decreases the length of student responses

c. the meetings must not interfere with the orderly conduct of educational activities within the school

According to the Equal Access Act (20 USC Sec. 4071), which of the following correctly states a criterion under which a school would be deemed to offer to a fair opportunity to students who wish to conduct meetings as limited open forums? a. all students in the school must attend the meetings unless excused for specific religious or cultural reasons b. the school must fund all expenses for each student organization holding meetings on school property c. the meetings must not interfere with the orderly conduct of educational activities within the school d. a person not affiliated with the school must direct, conduct, control, or regularly attend activities of student groups

d. nothing. As a teacher, it is unprofessional to post negative comments about education

After a long day at school, Miss Jackson gets home and opens up Facebook. She is frustrated because a parent has been complaining about her teaching methods and behavior management. Which of the following is acceptable to post as a status update on her social media page? a. "Education would be great if it weren't for parents! Such a long day!" b. "I love my job, but it can be so frustrating sometimes." c. "Can't wait until June when I don't have to deal with parent meetings." d. nothing. As a teacher, it is unprofessional to post negative comments about education

a. extrinsic motivation can enable students to depend on short term learning as opposed to authentic learning

Although extrinsic motivation often works with students, it can also be detrimental for the long term. Which of these is an example of a negative outcome of extrinsic motivation? a. extrinsic motivation can enable students to depend on short term learning as opposed to authentic learning b. as students progress in school, there are fewer extrinsic motivators c. extrinsic motivators allow students choice in what they want to work toward d. there are no extrinsic motivators in adult life

b. clarifying complex ideas

An English Language Arts teacher is planning a unit on literary genres. During a lesson on prose and poetry, the teacher guides students to complete a Venn diagram. This diagram enhances student learning by: a. allowing students to self-assess their learning b. clarifying complex ideas c. providing immediate feedback on understanding d. activating prior knowledge

c. students were not responding to other students' comments but rather repeating their own

An English teacher is assessing the effectiveness of a class discussion on a recent reading topic. Of the following features, which should be cause for the most concern? a. there was little agreement between the students on various topics b. students did not wait for other students to finish their ideas c. students were not responding to other students' comments but rather repeating their own d. the teacher was not involved in the discussion, as students were addressing each other directly

.b. social learning theory

An art teacher shows her class a video of an artist creating pointillism. Students then create an original piece of art based on the technique shown in the video. Which of the following educational theories is this method based on? a. connectivism b. social learning theory c. cognitivism d. behaviorism

b. observe the first-and second-graders as they work with the materials and use the resources provided by the center

An elementary school just developed a new science activity center for its first-and second-grade classes. The principal wants to ensure the science center is effective. Which is the best method of evaluation for the principal to use in assessing the center's effectiveness? a. compare the levels of school enjoyment between the students that use and do not use the center b. observe the first-and second-graders as they work with the materials and use the resources provided by the center c. count the number of students that use the center before and after recess d. require students to use the center to complete a survey which evaluates how well they think they know science

b. activate critical thinking skills

An elementary school science teacher has assigned students to small groups and provided each group with a specific biome to research. After students complete their research, they will design an activity to teach the whole class about that biome. What is the main purpose of this type of activity? a. increase student participation b. activate critical thinking skills c. conduct a summative assessment d. provide scaffolding

d. uses tangible items as examples of solids, liquids, and gases

An elementary teacher is planning an introductory science lesson on states of matter. In order to improve student understanding of this concept, the teacher should focus on creating a lesson that: a. involves students recording data in their science journal b. includes an opportunity for students to design their own experiments on states of matter c. fosters creativity and critical thinking d. uses tangible items as examples of solids, liquids, and gasses

b. social connectedness among students improves c. students feel ownership and pride in their work

An elementary teacher uses peer editing during writing assignments. Students provide specific written feedback to each other that must include 3 positive comments and one comment that the student can improve or expand upon. Which of the following is the primary benefit of this practice? a. students can determine if their writing skills are more advanced than other students b. social connectedness among students improves c. students feel ownership and pride in their work d. high teacher expectations can be communicated

c. he is extrinsically motivated to stay on top of the class

Andy is at the top of his class. Everyday, he tries to study lessons in advance. He is always prepared for a pop quiz. He makes sure that he remains on top. His mom motivates him to do his best. She tells him that he needs to stay on top so that he can go to the best university in the future. He is also given a reward at the end of the school year if he remains on top of the class? What can we say about Andy's motivation? a. he is motivated to stay on top of the class to make his mother happy b. he is intrinsically motivated to stay on top of the class c. he is extrinsically motivated to stay on top of the class

d. students work in groups to create a concept map over the unit

At the end of a unit covering the Louisiana Purchase, a teacher would like to have a review day before the test. Rather than giving direct instruction, she wants students to work together to review. Which of these methods should be included in her lesson plan? a. the teacher gives a lecture and has stopping points for students to "think-pair-share" b. a review packet is completed in groups c. a video over the Louisiana purchase is shown d. students work in groups to create a concept map over the unit

b. ask he department head or team leader for advice and request a mentor teacher with whom to work

At the year's beginning, a new teacher becomes unsure about all of her responsibilities, including instruction and required documentation and record-keeping. Which of the following would be the most effective way for this teacher to secure help? a. go online to get ideas from teacher blogs, ect. b. ask he department head or team leader for advice and request a mentor teacher with whom to work c. revisit college textbooks and notes on instruction and procedures d. use the professional library on campus to research how teachers can use their time more efficiently

a. activate students' prior knowlege

Before reading a text on the food web in a 5th-grade science class, Ms. Steiger provides students with some general statements to elicit a response. She asks students to either agree or disagree with the statement and if possible, explain their reasoning. After reading the text, students return to the statements and indicate if their opinions have changed or were strengthened. The purpose of this activity is to: a. activate students' prior knowledge b. to practice self-assessment c. to informally assess students d. to help students organize information

b. a test over homeostasis and the processes involved

Mrs. Hogan is wrapping up a unit on homeostasis. She would like to assess student knowledge before she moves on. Which of the following would be the best summative assessment? a. a video and accompanying worksheet over homeostasis in animal cells b. a test over homeostasis and the processes involved c. a lab activity in which students observe homeostasis and the process required to maintain it d. a review game over homeostasis

a. plan for, teach, and enforce routine for transition times and classroom housekeeping tasks

Classroom management research findings suggest that one of the most effective ways to maximize the amount of time elementary school children spend on academic activities is for the teacher to do which of the following? a. plan for, teach, and enforce routine for transition times and classroom housekeeping tasks b. assign homework three times a week in the major subjects c. assign individual reading on new topics before discussing the topic in class d. introduce new material in a lecture followed immediately by a questioning session on material

c. Ms. Kane provides Dan with a graphic organizer, or a skeleton outline, of the lecture so Dan can fill in the missing information as it is provided

Dan is one of 2 students in Ms. Kane's fifth grade class under the "least restrictive environment" provision. Dan has a very limited attention span and says he usually cannot follow what is going on in class. One of the IEP objectives for Dan is "Given a 10-12 minute lecture/oral lesson, Dan will take appropriate notes as judged by the teacher". Which of the following strategies has the best potential to help Dan meet this goal by the end of the year? a. Ms. Kane grades Dan's notes on lecture/oral lesson materials and incorporates the grade into Dan's overall class grade b. Ms. Kane allows Dan to tape-record the lecture/oral lesson, rather than taking notes, and then listen to the tape at home to learn the material c. Ms. Kane provides Dan with a graphic organizer, or a skeleton outline, of the lecture so Dan can fill in the missing information as it is provided d. Ms. Kane seats Dan with a student he says he likes and allows Dan to ask that student questions as the lecture/oral lesson proceeds

d. Daryl did as well on this this test as an average eighth-grader in the second month of the school would do on the same test

Dayrl, a sixth-grader, receives a score report from a standardized mathematics test taken by his entire sixth-grade class that includes both a grade-equivalent score and a national percentile rank. Dayrl's grade-equivalent score is 8.2. His national percentile rank is 87. Daryl's grade-equivalent score indicates that which of the following is true? a. Daryl did as well on his test as an average eighth-grade student in the second month of school would do on an eighth-grade test b. Daryl can do the mathematics expected of an average eighth-grader who is in the second month of the school year c. Daryl may well encounter difficulties in the later stages of the eighth-grade mathematics curriculum d. Daryl did as well on this this test as an average eighth-grader in the second month of the school would do on the same test

b. a routine for rewarding students who finish work promptly is not in place

During a visit to a second-grade classroom, a student teacher observed a child spending the time allotted for a worksheet either looking out the window or doodling on his paper. When the student teacher asked the child if he needed help on the assignment, he said no. When asked why he wasn't doing it, he pointed to another student and said "she does all her work fast and when she's done, she gets more work". The boy's reaction suggests which of the following about his classroom? a. a routine has been established for students who are having trouble finishing an assignment to ask the teacher for assisstance b. a routine for rewarding students who finish work promptly is not in place c. students must work along on seatwork, without consulting other students d. students who finish work before the whole class is finished must not interrupt the students who are still working

c. identifying areas where the students' perception of group participation does not align with the teacher's observations

Having students submit individual self-assessments regarding their participation in group projects can be most helpful to the teacher in: a. identifying student works who work in a productive, responsible manner and contribute to the group work b. evaluating the retention and mastery of the instructional objectives of the project c. identifying areas where the students' perception of group participation does not align with the teacher's observations d. helping the teacher calculate the appropriate grade for group members

a. provide the student a brief prompt to help them remember the correct answer

Mr. Graham is introducing a lesson about the US Constitution to his students. He periodically calls upon students to assess their knowledge as he lectures. When a student cannot answer a question after an appropriate amount of time, what strategy should Mr. Graham use to best support the student's learning? a. provide the student a brief prompt to help them remember the correct answer b. ask the student a separate, easier question c. ask another student to provide an answer d. continue to wait until the student is able to provide an answer

c. case study

Mr. Zeng has assigned the students in his Investment Management class to advise a fictitious client, Granny Smith. Their assignment is to construct a diversified investment portfolio for Granny Smith that will help her prepare her to retire in 6 years. What specific type of indirect instruction is Mr. Zeng using for this assignment? a. concept mapping b. project-based learning c. case study d. reflective writing

b. students' reflection on past activities and concepts

In March, a fifth-grade teacher organized a gallery walk, or student rotation around the room, for students to view and comment on the class's past work that hangs on the walls in mobiles. Which of the following would this best promote? a. class bonding b. students' reflection on past activities and concepts c. student comprehension and summarization of topic d. the students' self-esteem

c. discuss and demonstrate how the process applies to the principles of the concept

Mrs. Brooks notices that many of her students are not applying a recently-taught process in their homework assignments. To ensure the students understand the process, Mrs. Brooks decides to reteach the process first thing in the morning. Which of the following instructional strategies should Mrs. Brooks implement in the reteaching of the concept? a. ask each student if they understand the process and reteach it to them if not b. use abstract terminology and examples to describe more complicated aspects of the process c. discuss and demonstrate how the process applies to the principles of the concept d. in front of the class, work through complicated problems to demonstrate how the process is necessary at higher levels

a. industry vs inferiority

In a fourth-grade classroom, a student receives an A on his spelling test. He is praised by his parents and earns A's on subsequent spelling tests. After writing a well-devoted essay, his teacher encourages him to submit a story for the school's newspaper. The student feels confident in his ability to write and submit a story even though he has not submitted anything to the school's newspaper previously. Which of Erikson's psychosocial development stages is best described by this scenario? a. industry vs inferiority b. autonomy vs shame and doubt c. identity vs role confusion d. initiative vs guilt

c. the teacher states that in this scenario, there may be many good answers. There would not be one specific correct answer, but each groups' creative response to the scenario must be grounded in facts as well as evaluated with the rubric by the whole team

In explaining a group problem-solving task, the teacher should always be sure to motivate and encourage students to be risk takers and use their creative thinking abilities. Which of the following lesson elements would be the most effective in achieving this goal a. expectations are stated by confirming that the class will hopefully perform to a high standard due to their past performances in problem-solving b. students are expected to compete a provided rubric to self-evaluate and defend their work as a group before the teacher provides the grade c. the teacher states that in this scenario, there may be many good answers. There would not be one specific correct answer, but each groups' creative response to the scenario must be grounded in facts as well as evaluated with the rubric by the whole team d. after stating and referring to the written assignment on the board, assigned teams will be expected to have solved the problem in a provided scenario when the set timer goes off after sixteen minutes

d. using a video and game simulation as resources during the lesson

In their social studies class, students are learning about the Battle of Gettysburg. The teacher recognizes that many of the students in the class are tactile learners. With this understanding, the teacher should develop which type of activity to assess student learning? a. reuiring students to pinpoint locations of key events on a map b. taking students with creating a poem or song that identifies key events in the battle c. having students act out the role play the movements of the armies during one of the battles d. using a video and game simulation as resources during the lesson

d. social learning theory

Jack watches his older sister sing a song and their parents clap loudly and compliment her performance. Because of this, Jack will likely also want to sing a song for his parents. This is an example of what learning theory? a. constructivist theory b. palvovian learning c. cognitivist theory d. social learning theory

b. conventional

Kohlberg focused on stages of moral development that are aligned to Piaget's theory on human development. Which of these stages is based on society's view of the issue? a. both conventional and postconventional b. conventional c. pre-conventional d. post-conventional

a. walk from group to group while observing the students

Mr. Daniels has assigned his class a group project and wants to ensure the students understand the project as they complete it. Which of the following would be the best strategy to monitor student understanding during the project? a. walk from group to group while observing the students b. assign one group member to observe and report on the group members' understanding c. provide a self-assessment questionnaire for students to complete after the group project is finished d. observe the students from the front of the class

d. plan with team members for unified instruction and the use of a rubric concerning what it means to be organized in a classroom setting. This will provide a rationale for both students and parents on the required supplies and how they will be used

Miss Brown knows that being organized is not necessarily one of the attributes of many sixth-grade students. She hopes to help her students become more organized than her past students were. Which of the following would be the best strategy for helping her students plan for organization this coming year? a. ask parents to meet for individual conferences by the third week of school so that kudos and concerns can be discussed b. send a note to parents during the first week of school requesting that they check the assignment book nightly for work to be completed and/or explanations and dates of upcoming projects c. label a precise place where assignments are to be turned in d. plan with team members for unified instruction and the use of a rubric concerning what it means to be organized in a classroom setting. This will provide a rationale for both students and parents on the required supplies and how they will be used

d. use pictures and information from various websites in a class presentation

Mr. Appleton is considering providing some material for his students from the internet. Which of the following is Mr. Appleton legally permitted to do so under fair use guidelines? a. stream an entertaining movie from a website as a reward to students for good grades b. distribute a single-user access login, purchased by the school, to students c. compile interesting articles and videos from various websites for non-instructional use by the students d. use pictures and information from various websites in a class presentation

b. Mr. Arden shows students a video about the organs inside a frog. Then, students are given a diagram of a frog with some of the areas labeled and others not. This diagram also has a word bank, and students work in homogeneous groups. Next, students who are still struggling are paired with a student who understands the organs to practice matching the diagram to the name. Finally, students are able to identify the parts of the frog independently

Mr. Arden would like to use the idea of the zone of proximal development in his class of fourth-grade students who have a wide variety of understanding of the current science unit. Which activity would best represent this theory? a. Mr. Arden allows students to choose how they will be assessed on this unit in science. They can create a presentation, write a paper, or complete a test b. Mr. Arden shows students a video about the organs inside a frog. Then, students are given a diagram of a frog with some of the areas labeled and others not. This diagram also has a word bank, and students work in homogeneous groups. Next, students who are still struggling are paired with a student who understands the organs to practice matching the diagram to the name. Finally, students are able to identify the parts of the frog independently c. Mr. Arden gives the students a survey on what aspects of biology they find the most interesting. Then, the students are grouped with others who have the same interests, and they work together to create an activity for the class d. Mr. Arden allows students to bring in seeds and they plant them in a clear container. Each they measure and observe the changes in their seedlings and are to compare to other students

b. the teacher addresses the different learning styles of the students

Mr. Banner is a teacher that utilizes a variety of instructional activities, such as lectures, group projects, videos, and research projects in his classroom. Which of the following describes the greatest benefit of using a variety of instructional activities in a classroom? a. the teacher is more attentive and excited about the material being taught b. the teacher addresses the different learning styles of the students c. the teacher can demonstrate to the administration the exciting nature of the teaching d. the teacher has a variety of teaching styles

a. teach more advanced multiplication content to challenge his students

Mr. Barrios is teaching a unit on multiplication to his fifth-grade class. On the very first day, he gives an exit slip with the following problem on it: 123.456x789=______. Every single student gets the question correct. How should he adjust his teaching? a. teach more advanced multiplication content to challenge his students b. reteach the lesson because students are failing to understand the material c. give more difficult exit slips d. continue with his unit as planned; his students are clearly understanding the material

d. with students in pairs, provide a list of land and formations and ask the students to sketch a picture of each from memory

Mr. Blanson is planning a unit on land formations. Which of the following would serve as an effective induction activity to activate prior knowledge? a. provide a list of terms and provide class time for students to look up the definitions b. provide the name and description of a land formation to each student and have them take turns presenting to the class c. show students a PowerPoint with images of the land formations and their names d. with students in pairs, provide a list of land and formations and ask the students to sketch a picture of each from memory

b. do my questions ask for factual information that does not require the use of higher order thinking?

Mr. Brown's economic students often reply to his questions with short answers that do not demonstrate higher-order thinking skills. In evaluating the students' responses, which of the following questions should Mr. Brown first ask himself? a. do the students understand the questions or are they difficult, and thus the students are unsure how to best respond? b. do my questions ask for factual information that does not require the use of higher order thinking? c. are the students fully grasping the concepts from the instructional activities? d. do the students enjoy the questions and find them interesting

c. there is no single correct answer to this problem, and every group could have a different, correct answer

Mr. Cates notices that his students are timid during group problem-solving activities. He wants to encourage his students to take more risks and demonstrate more creativity. Which of the following statements could he use that would best encourage this? a. I am looking for the best answer possible b. if each group does not solve the problem entirely, every member will receive a failing grade c. there is no single correct answer to this problem, and every group could have a different, correct answer d. everybody did a great job last tie we did group activities, and I want the same effort this time

a. understanding and taking responsibilities for their learning

Mrs. Crow provides her students with a self-assessment rubric to complete after a semester-long group research project. Which of the following does a self-assessment rubric best promote among students? a. understanding and taking responsibility for their learning b. contributing to their overall grade c. understanding which students contributed the most to the group project d. providing feedback to on teacher performance

a. when asking a question to the entire class and waiting for a volunteer b. when asking the students complex questions c. when discussing class content one on one with a student

Mr. Hamilton places a high respect on critical-thinking skills in his class. He wants to encourage his students to think through their answers with more care and consideration, and increase student participation in content discussions. Mr. Hamilton decides to increase the amount of time he waits after a question, before providing more information and/or answering the question himself. When this strategy is used effectively, Mr. Hamilton will used an increased wait time: select all answers that apply a. when asking a question to the entire class and waiting for a volunteer b. when asking the students complex questions c. when discussing class content one on one with a student d. when asking basic questions that do not require critical-thinking skills

c. a sixth-grade class represents a wide range of cognitive developmental levels

Mr. Hampton, a sixth-grade science teacher, is beginning an instructional unit and has planned the following instructional activities: two slideshow presentations followed by a group discussion and a worksheet, a classroom discussion, two experiments, and one field trip. The wide variety of instructional activities best demonstrates Mr. Hampton's understanding of which of the following principles? a. students learn best by concrete examples and discussions b. students respond best to group-oriented instructional activity c. a sixth-grade class represents a wide range of cognitive developmental levels d. multiple instructional activities are required to meet requirements set forth in the state standards

c. extrinsic reinforcement

Mr. Johnson often rewards his students by giving them praise or small gifts, such as stickers. This is an example of which of the following? a. self-regulated learning b. intrinsic motivation c. extrinsic reinforcement d. deductive reasoning

a. review the questions before allowing the students to begin their observations

Mr. Luther plans a field trip to the local park for his science class. During the morning, they will observe various animals and plants and record their observations. At lunch, Mr. Luther will gather the class to discuss their observations using predetermined questions. Which of the following instructional activities would most benefit the students and increase the chance for success of the field trip? a. review the questions before allowing the students to begin their observations b. allowing only the students with the best observations to participate in the question discussion c. require that students answer questions at the beginning of their observations d. wait until the following day and provide the questions for the students to complete independently

a. providing and discussing the rubric that will be used to grade the project with the students

Mr. MacArthur is about to assign a major project to his students. Which of the following strategies would help promote students' understanding of the project's expectations? a. providing and discussing the rubric that will be used to grade the project with the students b. establishing work benchmarks where students must present a completion of work to the instructor throughout the project c. requiring students to self-assess their progress as they work to complete the project d. asking students to discuss the project with their parents and allowing the parents to contact the teacher directly with any questions

b. make dictionaries accessible to the students and allow for additional time to complete the assignments while other students can work independently

Mr. Martin is planning an instructional unit and wants to adjust the lesson to meet the needs of the ELLs in his class. Each student has a varying level of English proficiency. What is the best strategy to adjust the instructional unit to meet the student's needs? a. allow the ELL students to work together during group activities to promote English proficiency b. make dictionaries accessible to the students and allow for additional time to complete the assignments while other students can work independently c. send the ELL students to the resource room for supplemental instruction during presentations d. adjust on during presentations Adjust the content to make the presentation and homework assignments simpler to accommodate varying language proficiencies

a. creating and promoting a responsibility and commitment to their community

Mr. Omar wants to create a research project for his third-grade class about the school's water usage and how the school can better conserve its resources. As he discusses the project, Mr. Omar decides to split the class into small groups, with each group coming up with ideas to implement the research. One of the groups would like to write to the principal and superintendent, detailing their findings and offering a recommendation to conserve resources. Writing a letter to the school officials is most likely a way to promote the development of the students by: a. creating and promoting a responsibility and commitment to their community b. encouraging their creative writing and persuasion skills c. helping them reflect and self-monitor through instructional activities d. allowing them to experience hierarchical structures often found throughout society

c. explain the effects of assigning consequences and not following through on them, especially with students who have behavior concerns

Mr. Ortiz is a paraprofessional that provides in-class support for sixth-grade students with emotional disabilities. The students will receive five minutes of free choice time if they complete work independently. Mr. Ortiz often prompts the students to begin working and reminds them of their free choice activities, but he doesn't consistently follow through with providing free choice options before onto the next activity? a. threaten Mr. Ortiz with disciplinary action as he is not following the procedure b. keep data that shows the number of times Mr. Ortiz offers free choices but moves onto the next assignment instead c. explain the effects of assigning consequences and not following through on them, especially with students who have behavior concerns d. reassign implementation to the sixth-grade teacher because Mr. Ortiz should not be responsible for behavior

a. use short multimedia presentations such as PowerPoint to deliver content that is accompanied by pictures or short videos

Mr. Ray typically begins each day with direct-teaching instruction where he uses the whiteboard and lecture notes to teach the students. Many times, he has turned around from writing on the whiteboard to find students distracting each other. Of the following, what would be the most effective technique to maintain the students' interest? a. use short multimedia presentations such as PowerPoint to deliver content that is accompanied by pictures or short videos b. place a mirror above the whiteboard so he can monitor the students' behavior while he writes c. require the students to only have a pencil and paper on their desk d. allow the students to invite local community members to speak about the content and how it relates to the students' community

b. use a system the students are familiar with as an example, such as demonstrating that a computer does not work without a power cord

Mrs. Sims wants to teach her first-grade science class how parts work together to allow systems to work, and without all the parts, systems may not work properly. Which of the following instructional strategies is the best way to convey this concept? a. teach the concept multiple times and adjust the vocabulary used to describe key parts b. use a system the students are familiar with as an example, such as demonstrating that a computer does not work without a power cord c. show a diagram of a basic system and how all of the parts work together to allow the system to function d. give students a worksheet that highlights the key terms of

d. introduce the students to the use of a communication board and how disabled individuals use the board to communicate

Ms. Allen has a new student joining her class after Thanksgiving break. The new student is disabled and uses a communication board to communicate with his parents, teachers, and peers. Before the student arrives in class, which of the following strategies would most likely help her current students in making the new student feel a part of the classroom community? a. have each current student in her classroom take a turn acting as a buddy to the new student b. have students brainstorm fun activities to make their class unique c. require students to communicate without using their voices and then lead the class discussion on how it was difficult d. introduce the students to the use of a communication board and how disable individuals use the board to communication

b. a score of 45 can be observed to the right of the curve

Ms. Clancy plotted the scores of her students in a normal distribution curve. She observes that out of the 60 items, the lowest score is 25 and the highest is 60. The average score of her students is 48. Which of the following cannot be observed from the normal curve? a. a score of 35 can be observed to the left of the curve b. a score of 45 can be observed to the right of the curve c. a score of 48 is in the middle of the curve d. a score of 50 can be observed to the right of the curve

d. zone of proximal development

Ms. Likos is teaching solfege to her sixth-grade choir classes. The first two days, she introduced the names of notes and corresponding hand signs to the class with direct instruction and practice. A few students were still struggling to understand the concept, so she had the class break into small groups for two additional days until the students could all say the names and use the hand signs independently. Which of the following learning theories does this best represent? a. transfer b. information processing c. self-efficacy d. zone of proximal development

a. Ms. Prabha's, because it provides an opportunity for collaborative, student-driven learning. Ms. Prahba can also catch students' misconceptions in real time and gauge student understanding

Ms. Prabha and Mr. Tsai are teaching their students about the requirements of life. Ms. Prahba plans to give the students 10 unknown specimens and ask them to make observations and then, with a partner, classify them as living or nonliving and give reasons why. Mr. Tsai plans to ask his students to go home and write down the names of 10 living things and 10 non-living things around their house. Which teacher's plan will be more effective? a. Ms. Prabha's, because it provides an opportunity for collaborative, student-driven learning. Ms. Prabha can also catch students' misconceptions in real time and gauge student understanding b. Mr. Tsai's, because it is inexpensive. Mr. Tsai does not have to waste class time doing an activity, and he can spend that time lecturing instead c. Mr. Tsai's, because each student is required to complete their own assessment. Mr. Tsai will be sure he knows exactly how well each student understands the requirements of life d. Ms. Prabha's, because the students will have more fun if they get to work with their friends. Ms. Prahba will also have an opportunity to grade papers during this activity

a. non-interventionalist

Ms. Smith follows a particular theory of child management. In her classroom, you will see: Ms. Smith does not discipline students often. She does not want to punish or impede a student's natural desire to improve. Students manage their own behaviors with subtle guidance from Ms. Smith, such as eye contact or a gentle pat on the shoulder when misbehaving. What theory of child management does Ms. Smith employ? a. non-interventionalist b. interventionist c. non-interactionist d. interactionist

b. the classroom rules and procedures, letting them know she expects each student to follow the rules

On the first day of class, Mrs. Patterson wants to ensure she creates the best classroom environment for her third-grade students on of the first things she should convey to the students is: a. the importance of letting their parents know the scope and sequence of the upcoming school year via a letter sent home with them, as the best means of communication to reach Mrs. Patterson b. the classroom rules and procedures, letting them know she expects each student to follow the rules c. her background in education and the credentials and qualification she holds as an educator d. that her classroom is an open environment where students are free to pursue their academic interests

d. immediate feedback to the student from the teacher which involves positive rewards with a goal to repeat the behavior because of the positive feedback

Operant conditioning can be described as: a. shaping behavior using three main stages: before conditioning, during conditioning, and after conditioning to elicit a new learned response b. a therapeutic technique with a typically aversive stimulus to eliminate unwanted behavior c. a technique that uses pre-conditioning after learning has occurred d. immediate feedback to the student from the teacher which involves positive rewards with a goal to repeat the behavior because of the positive feedback

b. differentiated intstruction

Providing students with the same content at varying levels of difficulty is one of the important elements of: a. indirect instruction b. differentiated instruction c. modeling d. scaffolding

b. concrete operational

Students in a science class make observations prior to beginning a lab. They record 2 to 3 observations and then write a hypothesis to test. Some students struggle with writing a testable hypothesis. Which stage from Piaget's theory of cognitive development best explains where these students are functioning? a. preoperational b. concrete operational c. formal operational d. sensorimotor

b. projects require higher level thinking and can demonstrate greater concept mastery than tests

Rather than give a unit test, Mrs. Kirby decides to assign a major project to her students. They are provided a rubric that sets the expectations and guidelines. Students will be given 2 class periods to work on it and the rest must be completed at home. Students will then present their projects in class. What is the main advantage of giving a project rather than a test? a. it lowers students anxieties as they do not have to prepare for a test b. projects require higher level thinking and can demonstrate greater concept master than tests c. parents can help their children with the project and parental involvement is key to academic success d. there are usually fewer answer to grade on a project than a test so it saves time

b. constructivism learning theory

Reciprocal teaching/learning, problem-based learning, and inquiry learning are styles of learning that align with which learning theory? a. humanism learning theory b. constructivism learning theory c. connectivism learning theory d. behaviorism learning theory

b. transfer

Students who are taught to tie their own shoes can then tie any pair of shoes without being retaught. This cognitive ability is known as: a. patterning b. transfer c. reasoning d. scaffolding

b. active listening

Review the following interaction: Student: John was mean to me when we were working on the lab Teacher: Did you disagree with John about something? Student: Yes, and he won't let me help with the lab. I don't like him anymore Teacher: You sound frustrated. Have you tried talking to him? Which of the following best describes the communication strategy used by the teacher above? a. debriefing b. active listening c. coaching d. diffusion

d. using manipulative cubes with second-grade students to help them learn regrouping in addition

Which of the following best describes instruction using Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)? a. giving second-grade students a work sheet of two-digit addition problems to complete independently b. giving first-grade students a book to read independently at their instructional reading level c. using a book at a group of first-grade students' independent reading level in a guided reading group d. using manipulative cubes with second-grade students to help them learn regrouping in addition

a. constructivist theory

Smallville School District gives teachers the scope and sequence of documents so they can create lessons that build upon the skills and knowledge that students have learned in previous years and from prior units of study. These documents are utilizing which learning theory? a. constructivist theory b. behaviorism c. social learning theory d. theory of transfer

b. to help students organize the information they find

Students in a fifth-grade class are using online resources to learn about different climates. Their teacher provides each student with a graphic organizer to use while they are researching. Which of the following is likely the teacher's main reason for providing this graphic organizer? a. to hold students accountable and ensure that they stay on task b. to help students organize the information they find c. to reduce the amount of time needed for online research d. to ensure that the teacher has a summative assessment tool to use for students' research

c. can logically think through a series of actions

Which of the following capabilities best describes a child's cognitive development at the beginning of the concrete stage? a. can observe phenomena in the environment and develop their own conclusions b. can create multiple solutions to a single problem c. can logically think through a single problem d. can self-reflect on their own thought processes

c. concept map

Which of the following classroom tools best reflects cognitive theory? a. skeleton notes b. video clips c. concept map d. lab demonstration

d. teacher coaches should create an environment of trust is unique to every learning situation

Which of the following correctly states an aspect of effective reflective practice? a. peer coaching should be done sparingly because it can interfere with a coach's reflective potential b. reflective practice, to remain truly professional, should exclude student input that challenges teaching practices c. the reflection process should be free of links to conceptual frameworks that limit inquiry and problem solving d. teacher coaches should create an environment of trust is unique to every learning situation

a. asking students to self-assess a project prior to turning it in

Which of the following demonstrates a teacher helping students to develop metacognitive skills for learning? a. asking students to self-assess a project prior to turning it in b. arranging peer-tutoring for math centers c. grouping students by ability for math centers d. providing written feedback on rough drafts

a. create a commercial advertising your favorite figure of speech

Which statement below falls within the highest category of Bloom's taxonomy? a. create a commercial advertising your favorite figure of speech b. define the organs found in a frog diagram c. identify the state capitals on a map d. compare the book and film versions of "Tuck Everlasting"

b. higher-order thinking skills

When a teacher asks students to analyze the author's point of view and motivation for writing a piece, they are developing: a. opinion writing skills b. higher-order thinking skills c. independent inquiry skills d. expository writing skills

a. Bruner

Which theorist proposed that learning is an active process in which current knowledge is built upon to construct new ideas? a. Bruner b. Maslow c. Kholberg d. Vygotsky

b. the difficulty level of the question

When asking a student a question, which of the following should be the primary consideration of the teacher for response time by a student? a. the length of the class period b. the difficulty level of the question c. the number of other students who have raised their hands to answer the question d. how closely the question correlates to content being taught by the teacher

a. group discussion

Which of the following activities promotes higher order thinking? a. group discussion b. timed assessments c. formative assessments d. provide high-level texts

b. attendance

The following are included in the academic records of students except a. artworks b. attendance c. writing samples d. tests and quizzes

d. all of the above

The purpose of a learning log is: a. to connect previous learning to current concepts b. to maintain a continuous record of personal knowledge c. to allow students to evaluate their individual learning style d. all of the above

c. write an essay about the best character traits of Jefferson

The third-grade teachers at Treasure Forest Elementary School are planning a unit on Thomas Jefferson. They want to challenge their students using higher levels of Bloom's Taxonomy, so they are brainstorming ideas to replace their current activities. Which of these requires the highest level of thinking? a. read a passage and answer comprehensions about Jeffereson b. compare similarities and differences between themselves and Jefferson c. write an essay about the best character traits of Jefferson d. write a list of questions to ask Jefferson in an interview

c. inquiry-based activities

Which of the following activities requires students to use reasoning skills and higher-level thinking? a. concept mapping b. essay writing c. inquiry-based activities d. web-based activities

a. praise students to following a set method for accomplishing a task, in addition to arrive at the correct answer b. teaches students how to label the type of question being asked and use that information to assist in formulating a response d. encourage students to post questions on a board to be reviewed at a later time, when class time doesn't allow for discussion

To facilitate the development of higher-order thinking skills, a teacher could: select all that apply a. praise students to following a set method for accomplishing a task, in addition to arrive at the correct answer b. teaches students how to label the type of question being asked and use that information to assist in formulating a response c. provide students with a printout of all the slides and a transcript of every lecture given by the teacher d. encourage students to post questions on a board to be reviewed at a later time, when class time doesn't allow for discussion

b. create and maintain a saltwater aquarium with fish and plants

Which of the following activities will provide students with an inquiry-based activity to think critically about the role of vegetation in an ecosystem? a. research information about vegetation using the interet b. create and maintain a saltwater aquarium with fish and plants c. compare and contrast vegetation characteristics of different geographic areas d. use a picture of the rainforest and label producers and consumers

d. students discuss with a partner what might happen if a specific animal in a food chain became extinct

Which of the following assignments would be most likely to encourage higher-order thinking skills in elementary students? a. students work in pairs to measure objects in the classroom using nonstandard measurement units b. students use teacher provided articles to answer questions about various inventors c. students select a book to read, then use a graphic organizer to show the sequence of events in the book d. students discuss with a partner what might happen if a specific animal in a food chain became extinct

a. able to write paragraphs

Which of the following behaviors is not common for a seven-year old student? a. able to write paragraphs b. able to recognize left and right c. able to tell time d. able to understand and use multiple-meaning words

c. to collect student reading information in one place

What is one reason a reading teacher should keep a reading log? a. to study reading interest b. to track the number of pages they read in a class each day c. to collect student reading information in one place d. to find patterns in their own reading

d. create

What is the highest level of Bloom's taxonomy that a teacher could use? a. evaluate b. understand c. analyze d. create

d. it sets an example for problem-strategies that the student can use in multiple situations

What is the primary benefit of a teacher working with a student to think about step-by-step causes of a problem and the possible solutions? a. it provides a real-world context for classroom instruction and higher-order thinking skills b. it demonstrates how small issues can lead to large problems and how to identify a problem's cause in order to avoid it c. it demonstrates the use of higher order thinking skills in identifying multiple solutions to one problem d. it sets an example for problem-strategies that the student can use in multiple situations

d. it sets an example for problem-solving strategies that the student can use in multiple situations

What is the primary benefit of a teacher working with a student to think about the step-by-step causes of a problem and the possible solutions? a. it provides a real-world context for the classroom instruction and higher-order thinking skills b. it demonstrates the use of higher-order thinking skills in identifying multiple solutions to one problem c. it demonstrates how small issues can lead to large problems and how to identify a problem's cause in order to avoid it d. it sets example for problem-solving strategies that the student can use in multiple situations

a. social learning theory

What learning theory is based upon the idea that a person does not have to experience something in order to learn from it? a. social learning theory b. conditioning c. social development theory d. situated learning

b. teachers collaborate to formulate, select, and monitor classroom management techniques and other classroom procedures based on successful experiences

Which of the following professional strategies is most likely to result in improved student motivation and academic performance? a. each teacher employs the classroom management techniques with which he or she feels most comfortable b. teachers collaborate to formulate, select, and monitor classroom management techniques and other classroom procedures based on successful experiences c. a subset of teachers determines the rules to be given to the other teachers who then impose the rules on their classes d. teachers elect a colleague to represent them in working with the administration to determine a set of five best practices to be used at teacher's discretion

d. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

Which of the following requires that schools keep student information and records confidential? a. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) b. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) c. Section 504 d. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

a. turning in homework to receive a good grade

Which of the following scenarios best represents an operant conditioning response by students? a. turning in homework to receive a good grade b. returning to seats when the lights are twice flashed off and on c. turning attention to the teacher when a rhythmic clap is heard d. feeling anxiety when taking an exam

a. a first-grade teacher guides students as they complete the "K" column on a KWL chart

Which of the following scenarios describes an example of a teacher activating students' background knowledge? a. a first-grade teacher guides students as they complete the "K" column on a KWL chart b. as an extension activity, a second-grade teacher asks students to research an endangered animal of their choice c. a third-grade teacher asks students to summarize the main events of a story during a "think-pair-share" discussion d. a kindergarten teacher has students sing a song to help remember the days of the week

d. a student is motivated to complete her homework because her parents said that she can have ice cream once she is finished

Which of the following situations is an example of extrinsic motivation? a. a student is motivated to try out for the concert choir because he has never participated in in this group and wants to learn a new skill b. a student is motivated to volunteer at an animal shelter because she has previously adopted a cat and wants to help other animals in need c. a student s motivated to implement coping strategies that he has practiced in counseling sessions because he wants to find more productive ways to deal with frustration d. a student is motivated to complete her homework because her parents said that she can have ice cream once she is finished

a. analyzing the checks and balances in the 3 branches of government

Which of the following social studies activities would require higher-order thinking skills? a. analyzing the checks and balances in the 3 branches of government b. responding to comprehension questions after reading an article about how a bill can be vetoed c. making a list of the steps involved in proposing enacting a law d. finding names of elected officials in each of the 3 branches of government

b. a person's moral values are based on what society thinks is good

Which of the following statements concerning development of morality presents the highest level of development? a. a person's moral values are based on the consequences of their actions b. a person's moral values are based on what society thinks is good c. a person's moral values are based on what their peers are doing d. a person's moral values are based on avoiding punishment

c. lateral thinking

Which of the following terms best describes a cognitive process that uses indirect and creative approaches to solve problems? a. creative thinking b. stream of consciousness c. lateral thinking d. conjecture

a. first-grade students using manipulatives to understand addition and subtraction

Which of the following would be a developmentally-appropriate activity for typical students? a. first-grade students using manipulatives to understand addition and subtraction b. second-grade students using manipulatives to learn 2D shapes c. fifth-grade students raising caterpillars to butterflies, to understand life cycles d. sixth-grade students writing independent research papers over a broad topic

b. identifying criteria and purpose prior to developing a checklist

Which of the following would be the most appropriate way for a teacher to prepare a direct observation? a. outlining expectations to students being observed b. identifying criteria and purpose prior to developing a checklist c. identifying when and for how long the observation will occur d. outlining predicted behaviors to use as a comparison after the observation

a. seat the student close to instruction so that he can look at the teacher when she is speaking

Which of the following would be the most effective way to organize a classroom to help a first-grade student with a hearing impairment participate in daily classroom activities? a. seat the student close to instruction so that he can look at the teacher when she is speaking b. provide detailed written directions to accompany all instruction that the teacher gives verbally c. use closed captions whenever the class is watching a video clip during instruction d. select a peer who can repeat the teacher's directions to the student

a. a senior history teacher discusses presidential candidates during class to attempt to persuade a newly 18 year-old student to vote for the candidate the teacher supports

Which of the following would not be considered protected speech in an educational setting? a. a senior history teacher discusses presidential candidates during class to attempt to persuade a newly 18 year-old student to vote for the candidate the teacher supports b. a student student wears a shirt supporting a certain candidate for president c. a teacher discusses the history of a religious figure with the context of the curriculum d. a student speaks out in a history class about his personal religious beliefs

a. emotional abuse

Which of the following would not negatively impact a students' physical development? a. emotional abuse b. exposure to drugs c. physical abuse d. lack of sleep

d. problem-based learning

Which of these activities is an example of a constructivist lesson? a. Cornell note-taking during lecture b. timed fact family quizzes in math c. peer editing a research paper d. problem-based learning

c. identifying struggling students

___ is the most important aspect of using assessment data to drive instruction a. improving instruction b. inputting grades c. identifying struggling students d. identifying mastery

a. humanism learning theory

teacher provides a daily individual checklist for their students to make sure their basic needs are being met as part of instruction each day. The checklist includes items such as breakfast, lunch, supplies, and appropriate clothing. Which learning theory does this activity most resemble? a. humanism learning theory b. constructivism learning theory c. behaviorism learning theory d. connectivism learning theory