pre

GR is a 72-year-old female with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. She was admitted to the hospital 4 days ago with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, resulting from several missed days of insulin treatment. Today, she developed new-onset shortness of breath, fever, and an elevated white blood cell count. A chest x-ray reveals consolidations in the left lower lobe. She has not received intravenous antibiotics in the past 90 days and an MRSA nasal swab is negative. Which of the following antibiotics, when used as monotherapy, provide the desired spectrum of activity for this infection? (Select ALL that apply)

- Cefepime - Piperacillin/tazobactam

A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis and hospitalized in the internal medicine unit. Which of the following strategies are recommended to prevent transmission of tuberculosis? (Select ALL that apply)

- Isolate the patient in a negative pressure room - Place the patient in a single-occupancy room - Wear a fitted N95 respirator mask when inside the patient's room

A previously healthy 7-month-old child (weight: 20 lbs) is prescribed Augmentin for acute otitis media. The pharmacist will prepare a suspension containing 400 mg of amoxicillin and 57 mg of clavulanate per 5 mL. Which volume and frequency would provide the correct dose for this indication? A.2.5 mL twice daily B.5 mL twice daily C.7.5 mL twice daily D.10 mL twice daily E.15 mL once daily

5 mL twice daily

Which of the following statements are accurate with regard to aminoglycosides? (Select ALL that apply.) A.Active against most aerobic Gram-negative pathogensB.Active against most Gram-positive pathogens as monotherapyC.Demonstrate post-antibiotic effectD.Cause hepatotoxicityE.Demonstrate concentration-dependent bacterial killing

A.Active against most aerobic Gram-negative pathogens C.Demonstrate post-antibiotic effect E.Demonstrate concentration-dependent bacterial killing

A 78-year-old female is admitted to the hospital after a fall. She is scheduled to undergo total hip arthroplasty for a fractured femur and will receive cefazolin for surgical site infection prophylaxis. What is the recommended timing of the first dose of cefazolin for this procedure? A.1 hour before the first incision B.1 hour after the first incision C.2 hours before the first incision D.2 hours after the first incision E.4 hours before the first incision

A.1 hour before the first incision

A 22-month-old male is brought to the office due to a fever of 102.6°F (39.2°C), irritability, and tugging of his right ear for the past 2 days. The patient is diagnosed with a first occurrence of acute otitis media. He has no known drug allergies. Which treatment is most appropriate for this patient at this time? A.Amoxicillin B.Cephalexin C.Doxycycline D.Observation for 48-72 hours without antibiotics E.Penicillin V potassium

A.Amoxicillin

JM is a 36-year-old female who visits her primary care provider reporting a 3-day history of fatigue, chills, and productive cough. On physical examination, she is noted to have rales in the right lower lobe. Past Medical History: allergic rhinitis, congenital long QT syndrome, migraine Allergies: no known drug allergies Medications:Flonase 1 spray each nostril once dailyIbuprofen 200 mg PRN headachesZyrtec 10 mg QHS Vital Signs: BP 130/90 mmHg, HR 88 bpm, RR 16 bpm, O2 sat 95% on room air, T 102°F (38.9°C) Diagnostic Tests: chest x-ray pending Which antibiotic is most appropriate to empirically treat community-acquired pneumonia in this patient? A.Amoxicillin B.Azithromycin C.Cephalexin D.Linezolid E.Moxifloxacin

A.Amoxicillin

TM is a 32-year-old male who comes to his primary care physician with symptoms of thick, yellow-green nasal discharge, nasal "stuffiness," and a feeling of pressure in his face and ears. He also describes more frequent headaches. The patient initially thought he had a cold and self-treated with OTC medications, but his condition worsened and has persisted for approximately 12 days. TM has no known drug allergies. A decision is made to prescribe antibiotics. Which of the following is a first-line treatment for TM's condition? A.Amoxicillin/clavulanate B.Clarithromycin C.Clindamycin D.Levofloxacin E.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

A.Amoxicillin/clavulanate

XW is a 64-year-old male who comes to his primary care provider with a 4-day history of cough with greenish phlegm, fatigue, shortness of breath, and decreased appetite. He has had no recent hospitalizations or antibiotic use. XW does not use tobacco or alcohol. Past Medical History: hypertension, seizures, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy, peptic ulcer disease Allergies: shellfish (throat tightness, wheezing) Medications: ramipril, aspirin, hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol, famotidine, topiramate, rosuvastatin, sublingual nitroglycerin PRN Vital Signs: BP 130/80 mmHg, HR 88 bpm, RR 20 bpm, T 100.2°F (37.9°C) Diagnostic TestsChest x-ray: opacities in the left lower lobe consistent with pneumonia Which outpatient antibiotic regimen is the best option to treat XW's infection? A.Amoxicillin/clavulanate and azithromycin B.Clarithromycin C.Doxycycline and clindamycin D.Moxifloxacin E.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

A.Amoxicillin/clavulanate and azithromycin

A 14-day-old female infant (delivered at term) is brought to the emergency department due to a high fever. She is lethargic, flushed, and difficult to rouse. The parents report that the infant vomited after a feeding approximately 6 hours ago and has been too drowsy to attempt feeding since. In the emergency department, a physical examination is concerning for meningitis; laboratory tests and a lumbar puncture are pending. Which empiric antibiotic regimen should be initiated? A.Ampicillin + cefotaxime B.Ampicillin + ceftriaxone C.Cefotaxime + gentamicin D.Ceftriaxone + vancomycin E.Meropenem + vancomycin

A.Ampicillin + cefotaxime

A 57-year-old female comes to the emergency department due to fever, severe headache, stiff neck, and nausea. She reports the symptoms had a rapid onset 24 hours ago and have progressively worsened. Past Medical History: asthma, heartburn, seasonal allergies Allergies: sulfa (diffuse hives) Medications: Flovent, Proair HFA, loratadine, Pepcid AC Vital Signs: BP 115/75 mmHg, HR 100 bpm, RR 18 bpm, T 102°F (39°C), Ht 5′ 4″, Wt 60 kg Laboratory Tests:Hemoglobin 12.8 g/dLPlatelets 240,000 cells/mm3White blood cells 15,000 cells/mm3Sodium 136 mEq/LPotassium 4.2 mEq/LChloride 102 mEq/LBicarbonate 12 mEq/LBlood urea nitrogen 25 mg/dLCreatinine 1.2 mg/dLCalcium 8.4 mg/dLGlucose 100 mg/dL Diagnostic Tests:Lumbar puncture: high opening pressure, cerebrospinal fluid analysis pending Which of the following antibiotic regimens should be ordered empirically? A.Ampicillin + ceftriaxone + vancomycin B.Ampicillin + gentamicin C.Cefotaxime monotherapy D.Ceftriaxone + vancomycin E.Piperacillin/tazobactam monotherapy

A.Ampicillin + ceftriaxone + vancomycin

TT, a 54-year-old female with severe colitis secondary to ulcerative colitis, is being prepped for an elective partial colectomy. She has no known drug allergies. Which of the following preoperative antibiotic regimens provide an appropriate spectrum of activity to prevent a surgical site infection following this procedure? (Select ALL that apply) A.Ampicillin/sulbactamB.CefazolinC.Cefazolin plus metronidazoleD.CefoxitinE.Clindamycin

A.Ampicillin/sulbactam C.Cefazolin plus metronidazole D.Cefoxitin

Cefotetan is a 2nd generation cephalosporin that is useful in colorectal surgery prophylaxis because of which of the following? A.Anaerobic activity B.Atypical coverage C.Increased activity against drug-resistant S. pneumoniae D.MRSA activity E.Pseudomonas coverage

A.Anaerobic activity

A 25-year-old female comes to the urgent care clinic with a dry, irritable cough. She reports that her illness started 12 days ago with fatigue, runny nose, and a dry cough. Although her other symptoms have improved, the cough has worsened, becoming "hacking" in nature and more frequent, with some episodes lasting 1-2 minutes. While examining the patient, the physician notes an inspiratory "whoop" after the cough. A sputum PCR is positive for Bordetella pertussis. The patient has an allergy to sulfa (hives). Which treatment is preferred? A.Azithromycin B.Clindamycin C.Linezolid D.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim E.Symptomatic treatment only

A.Azithromycin

A 25-year-old male is on a trip to the Baja Peninsula in Mexico to visit a friend. He develops abdominal cramps, a low-grade fever and bloody diarrhea. Which medication is appropriate? A.Azithromycin B.Vancomycin C.Metronidazole D.Ciprofloxacin E.Rifaximin

A.Azithromycin

MS is a 62-year-old male who was diagnosed with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) 3 days ago. He has no known drug allergies. A respiratory sample was collected prior to initiating empiric antibiotic treatment with cefepime, levofloxacin, and vancomycin. The patient's symptoms have since improved and the medical team is ready to de-escalate antibiotic therapy based on the final culture and susceptibility results shown below. Which antibiotic regimen is most appropriate for continued treatment of HAP in this patient? Sputum culture Antibiotic testedEnterobacter cloacae AztreonamR CefepimeS CeftriaxoneR CiprofloxacinR GentamicinS LevofloxacinR MeropenemS Piperacillin/tazobactamS TobramycinS R = resistant; S = susceptible. A.Cefepime B.Ceftriaxone C.Levofloxacin D.Meropenem + tobramycin E.Piperacillin/tazobactam + vancomycin

A.Cefepime

TT is a 54-year-old male admitted to a hospital general medical unit with community-acquired pneumonia. He has a history of poorly controlled asthma resulting in frequent hospitalizations. His last hospitalization was 5 months ago due to acute respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation; respiratory cultures at that time identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa (see susceptibility results below). An MRSA nasal swab performed in the emergency department today is negative. He has no known drug allergies. Bronchoalveolar lavage culture results (5 months ago)Antibiotic testedPseudomonas aeruginosaAmikacinSCefepimeSCeftazidimeSCiprofloxacinRGentamicinRLevofloxacinRMeropenemSPiperacillin/tazobactamRTobramycinSR = resistant; S = susceptible. Based on this information, which empiric antibiotic regimen is most appropriate for the treatment of this patient? A.Cefepime + azithromycin B.Ceftaroline C.Ceftriaxone + levofloxacin D.Ertapenem E.Piperacillin/tazobactam + tobramycin

A.Cefepime + azithromycin

MR is a 55-year-old female who comes to the emergency room with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, a temperature of 102.9°F (39.4°C), chills, and jaundiced skin. She has a past medical history of hypertension, obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia. Notable laboratory findings include an elevated white blood cell count and hyperbilirubinemia. A right upper quadrant ultrasound reveals common bile duct dilation and multiple gallbladder stones. The patient is diagnosed with acute cholangitis. Medication orders for IV fluids and broad-spectrum antibiotics are sent to the pharmacy. The patient has no known drug allergies. Which antibiotic regimen is the best option to empirically treat this patient's infection? A.Ceftriaxone plus metronidazole B.Clindamycin C.Levofloxacin D.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim E.Tobramycin

A.Ceftriaxone plus metronidazole

HP is a 30-year-old, 15-week pregnant female who comes to her obstetrician for a regularly scheduled prenatal visit. A urine sample collected and sent for culture shows 106 CFU/mL of Escherichia coli, susceptible to all tested antibiotics. She has no urinary symptoms and "feels good." Her vital signs are normal, and she has no known drug allergies. Which treatment is recommended for this patient? A.Cephalexin B.Ciprofloxacin C.Doxycycline D.Penicillin V potassium E.Antibiotics are not indicated at this time

A.Cephalexin

JC comes to the emergency department with a large wound that is oozing pus on her lower right leg. She has diabetes and did not want to see a doctor earlier because she does not have medical insurance. It is presumed that the infection is due to community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Which of the following are oral medications that can be used to treat CA-MRSA? (Select ALL that apply.) A.ClindamycinB.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprimC.CiprofloxacinD.LinezolidE.Quinupristin/dalfopristin

A.Clindamycin B.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim D.Linezolid

Empiric antibiotics and steroids have been ordered for a 45-year-old patient with suspected community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Cultures and a lumbar puncture are pending. If antibiotics are expected to be administered at 1400, which of the following is correct regarding the selection and timing of steroids in this patient? A.Dexamethasone, administer at 1400 B.Dexamethasone, administer at 1500 C.Prednisone, administer at 1400 D.Prednisone, administer at 1500 E.Steroids are not indicated for bacterial meningitis

A.Dexamethasone, administer at 1400

Which of the following adverse effects are associated with isoniazid? (Select ALL that apply) A.HepatotoxicityB.HyperuricemiaC.HypokalemiaD.Lupus-like syndromeE.Peripheral neuropathy

A.Hepatotoxicity D.Lupus-like syndrome E.Peripheral neuropathy

Which of the following medications is/are associated with seizures and/or decreasing the seizure threshold? (Select ALL that apply.) A.Imipenem/CilastatinB.CiprofloxacinC.CefuroximeD.Penicillin GE.Azithromycin

A.Imipenem/Cilastatin B.Ciprofloxacin C.Cefuroxime D.Penicillin G

A graduate student completing a research project on international cultures is on a tour of South Asia. He develops food poisoning, which results in vomiting and diarrhea. There is no evidence of blood in the stool. Which treatment can be recommended? A.Levofloxacin B.Clindamycin C.Metronidazole D.Doxycycline E.Erythromycin

A.Levofloxacin

LG is a 47-year-old male who is hospitalized with a Clostridioides difficile infection. The internal medicine pharmacist intends to enter the patient's room to perform medication reconciliation and counsel the patient. Which of the following actions should the pharmacist perform when caring for this patient? (Select ALL that apply) A.Review the patient's profile for unnecessary antibioticsB.Review the patient's profile for unnecessary proton pump inhibitorsC.Wash hands with soap and water after visiting the patientD.Wear a face mask and hair cover while inside the patient's roomE.Wear a gown and gloves while inside the patient's room

A.Review the patient's profile for unnecessary antibiotics B.Review the patient's profile for unnecessary proton pump inhibitors C.Wash hands with soap and water after visiting the patient E.Wear a gown and gloves while inside the patient's room

Which of the following statements is correct regarding piperacillin/tazobactam? A.Tazobactam is added to inhibit beta-lactamase activity. B.The brand name is Zofran. C.It exhibits concentration-dependent killing. D.The dosing is 0.375 grams/3 grams of piperacillin/tazobactam respectively. E.It is available as an oral suspension and intravenous formulation.

A.Tazobactam is added to inhibit beta-lactamase activity.

A patient is picking up a prescription for erythromycin ethylsuccinate (E.E.S.) oral suspension. Choose the correct statement: A.This medication can be used if the patient has a penicillin allergy. B.This medication should not be administered with food. C.This medication is a major inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9. D.This medication is effective for treating the flu. E.This medication has lower risk of drug interactions than Zithromax

A.This medication can be used if the patient has a penicillin allergy.

MT comes to the pharmacy to pick up her prescription for Levaquin 500 mg tabs once daily for 7 days. You notice her profile states that she is taking simvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, amlodipine, rabeprazole, warfarin and aspirin. She is purchasing zinc tablets for her cold. MT should be counseled to take the Levaquin 2 hours before or 2 hours after which medication? A.Zinc B.Simvastatin C.Warfarin D.Aspirin E.Hydrochlorothiazide

A.Zinc

Which of the following antimicrobials has a risk for additive QT prolongation when combined with amiodarone? A.Zithromax B.Penicillin V potassium C.Invanz D.Nitrofurantoin E.Cleocin

A.Zithromax

OP, a 72-year-old female, is transported to the emergency department via ambulance after her son found her at home confused, feverish, and lethargic. The son states that the day prior, OP reported a cough, shortness of breath, and chills, which prompted him to check on her. In the emergency department, the patient is intubated and placed on a mechanical ventilator. Transfer to the intensive care unit is pending. OP has no known risk factors for MRSA or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Past Medical History: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis Allergies: no known drug allergies Vital Signs: BP 85/60 mmHg, HR 115 bpm, RR 33 bpm, O2 sat 81% on room air, T 102°F (38.9°C) Diagnostic Tests:Chest x-ray: left lower lobe infiltrate Which of the following antibiotic orders should the ICU pharmacist anticipate dispensing for this patient?

Ampicillin/sulbactam + Levofloxacin

Medication orders for active pulmonary tuberculosis are sent to the pharmacy for a 27-year-old female. While processing the orders, the pharmacist receives an alert, warning of a drug interaction between rifampin and an existing medication previously prescribed to this patient. Which of the following medications would prompt an alert? A.Allopurinol B.Apixaban C.Chlorthalidone D.Methotrexate E.Ramipril

Apixaban

TL is a 19-year-old female who comes to the university health clinic with increased vaginal discharge for the last 2 days. The discharge is thin, gray, and has a fishy odor. A vaginal swab shows a pH of 5.2 and findings consistent with bacterial vaginosis. Which treatment is recommended? A.Intramuscular ceftriaxone B.Intravaginal metronidazole C.Intravaginal miconazole D.Oral azithromycin E.Topical imiquimod

B.Intravaginal metronidazole

Which of the following describes a patient with acute otitis media who meets criteria for initial management with 48-72 hours of observation? (Select ALL that apply) A.5 months old, unilateral infection, maximum temperature 101°F B.12 months old, unilateral infection, maximum temperature 101°F C.18 months old, bilateral infection, maximum temperature 102.6°F D.3 years old, bilateral infection, maximum temperature 101°F E.4 years old, unilateral infection, maximum temperature 102.6°F

B.12 months old, unilateral infection, maximum temperature 101°F D.3 years old, bilateral infection, maximum temperature 101°F

Choose the statement that best describes the activity of cefuroxime: A.1st generation cephalosporin: Better Gram-positive (covers MSSA) than Gram-negative activity. B.2nd generation cephalosporin: Better Gram-negative activity compared to 1st generation, with similar gram-positive activity. C.3rd generation cephalosporin: Better Gram-negative activity than 2nd generation, less Staph (Gram-positive) activity compared to 2nd generation but better Strep (Gram-positive) activity. D.4th generation cephalosporin: Excellent Gram-negative activity; Gram-positive activity that is similar to 1st generation. E.5th generation cephalosporin: Best Gram-positive activity (covers MRSA), Gram-negative activity similar to ceftriaxone.

B.2nd generation cephalosporin: Better Gram-negative activity compared to 1st generation, with similar gram-positive activity.

Which of the following oral antibiotic suspensions require refrigeration after reconstitution? (Select ALL that apply.) A.BiaxinB.AugmentinC.KeflexD.CefdinirE.Penicillin VK

B.Augmentin C.Keflex E.Penicillin VK

PM is a 14-month-old male brought to the office by his mother. He was last seen 3 days ago for acute otitis media and was prescribed amoxicillin/clavulanate. The patient returns with persistent symptoms of an ear infection, and the mother is concerned because he keeps spitting out the medication. Which of the following medications can be given intramuscularly and empirically treats acute otitis media? A.Azithromycin B.Ceftriaxone C.Gentamicin D.Penicillin G benzathine E.Vancomycin

B.Ceftriaxone

JS is a 68-year-old male who arrives at the emergency department with new-onset confusion in the past 24 hours, as well as fever, chills, and cough with purulent sputum that began 2 days ago. JS has had no recent exposure to antibiotics or any recent hospitalizations. At this time, he is stable enough to be admitted to the internal medicine unit. Past Medical History: hypertension, depression, dyslipidemia Allergies: no known drug allergies Medications:Lisinopril 20 mg once dailyAtorvastatin 40 mg once dailySertraline 100 mg once daily Vital Signs: BP 105/70 mmHg, HR 110 bpm, RR 22 bpm, T 101.7°F (38.7°C) Diagnostic Tests:Chest x-ray: right lower lobe infiltrate Which of the following antibiotic regimens is appropriate to empirically treat community-acquired pneumonia in this patient? A.Aztreonam + vancomycin B.Ceftriaxone + azithromycin C.Ceftriaxone + metronidazole D.Ciprofloxacin E.Meropenem

B.Ceftriaxone + azithromycin

A 36-year-old female (weight: 60 kg, height: 62 inches) visits her gynecologist for an annual exam. She has no concerning symptoms but mentions having different sexual partners in the last year. Screening tests are positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and negative for Chlamydia trachomatis. The patient has no known drug allergies. Which treatment is most appropriate? A.Azithromycin 1 gram PO × 1 dose B.Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM × 1 dose C.Clindamycin 450 mg PO TID × 7 days D.Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID × 7 days E.Metronidazole 2 grams PO × 1 dose

B.Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM × 1 dose

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate use for the quinolone antibiotics listed? (Select ALL that apply.) A.Baxdela for a MRSA skin infectionB.Ciprofloxacin for community-acquired pneumoniaC.Levofloxacin for a mixed infection involving PseudomonasD.Moxifloxacin for community acquired pneumoniaE.Moxifloxacin for a UTI

B.Ciprofloxacin for community-acquired pneumonia E.Moxifloxacin for a UTI

Which of the following are potential treatment options for a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) surgical site infection status post C-section? (Select ALL that apply.) A.RifaximinB.CubicinC.MerremD.ZyvoxE.Levaquin

B.Cubicin D.Zyvox

Which antibiotics are expected to have activity against MRSA (Select ALL that apply.) A.NafcillinB.DoxycyclineC.FortazD.CefepimeE.TeflaroF.Cubicin

B.Doxycycline E.Teflaro F.Cubicin

A patient with newly diagnosed latent tuberculosis comes to the pharmacy with a prescription for rifampin 600 mg daily for 4 months. Which of the following drug safety issues should the pharmacist mention when counseling about this medication? (Select ALL that apply) A.Acute gouty attacksB.Drug interactionsC.Liver damageD.Orange-red body fluid discolorationE.Vision damage

B.Drug interactions C.Liver damage D.Orange-red body fluid discoloration

A patient comes to the pharmacy reporting new-onset blurred vision that began within the past week. According to his pharmacy profile, the following medications were dispensed recently: LastfillRxMedicationQuantityRefills 11/15RefillDolutegravir 50 mg 1 tab PO BID605 11/15RefillEmtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg 1 tab PO daily305 11/15RefillSulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 400 mg/80 mg 1 tab PO daily305 11/05NewPyrazinamide 500 mg 4 tab PO daily1201 11/05NewEthambutol 400 mg 4 tab PO daily1201 11/05NewRifampin 600 mg 2 cap PO daily605 11/05NewIsoniazid 300 mg 1 tab PO daily305 10/21NewDoxycycline monohydrate 100 mg 1 tab PO BID140 Which of the following medications is most likely responsible for the patient's symptoms? A. Doxycycline B.Ethambutol C.Pyrazinamide D.Rifampin E.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

B.Ethambutol

WP is a 70-year-old male who comes to the emergency department with a 3-day history of abdominal tenderness, decreased appetite, and 6 to 7 watery stools per day. Laboratory and diagnostic studies show a white blood cell count of 17,000 cells/mm3, serum creatinine of 1.8 mg/dL (baseline: 0.8 mg/dL), and stool test positive for Clostridioides difficile. Six weeks ago, WP experienced a first episode of C. difficile infection, which was treated with a 10-day course of oral vancomycin 125 mg four times daily. Which of the following are recommended treatment options for this patient? (Select ALL that apply) A.Fecal microbiota transplantationB.Fidaxomicin 200 mg PO BIDC.Metronidazole 500 mg PO BIDD.Vancomycin 500 mg PO QIDE.Vancomycin PO as a tapered and pulsed regimen

B.Fidaxomicin 200 mg PO BID E.Vancomycin PO as a tapered and pulsed regimen

SD is a 48-year-old female preparing to start Humira for rheumatoid arthritis. Required pre-treatment screening for latent tuberculosis (TB) reveals a positive interferon-gamma release assay. A chest x-ray is negative, and the patient reports no signs or symptoms of active pulmonary TB. Which treatment should this patient initiate before starting Humira? A.Isoniazid monotherapy daily for 3 months B.Isoniazid + rifampin daily for 3 months C.Isoniazid + rifapentine weekly for 9 months D.Rifampin monotherapy daily for 9 months E.Rifampin + pyrazinamide weekly for 3 months

B.Isoniazid + rifampin daily for 3 months

SL is a 25-year-old pregnant female in her second trimester who has had close contact with a family member diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis. A tuberculin skin test is administered, and the test interpretation 48 hours later is positive based on the measured area of induration. The patient has no symptoms of active tuberculosis, and a chest x-ray is negative. Which treatment is appropriate for SL? A.Isoniazid daily for 3 months B.Isoniazid and rifampin daily for 3 months C.Isoniazid and rifampin daily for 9 months D.Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and rifampin daily for 3 months E.Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and rifampin daily for 6 months

B.Isoniazid and rifampin daily for 3 months

CN has been receiving IV gentamicin for the last 10 days. Which of the following are side effects associated with gentamicin? (Select ALL that apply.) A.CardiotoxicityB.NeurotoxicityC.Pulmonary toxicityD.NephrotoxicityE.Ototoxicity

B.Neurotoxicity D.Nephrotoxicity E.Ototoxicity

A 44-year-old male is evaluated after he was exposed to an individual with active pulmonary tuberculosis. He is asymptomatic and has no history of bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination. Which of the following diagnostic test results would be expected in a patient with latent tuberculosis? (Select ALL that apply) A.Abnormal chest x-ray (eg, infiltrate, cavitation)B.Normal chest x-rayC.Positive acid-fast bacilli sputum smearD.Positive interferon-gamma release assay blood testE.Positive intradermal tuberculin skin test reaction

B.Normal chest x-ray D.Positive interferon-gamma release assay blood test E.Positive intradermal tuberculin skin test reaction

A 5-year-old girl is evaluated for a new-onset rash. Four days ago, a few small "bumps" appeared around the corners of the patient's mouth, which soon developed into "blisters" that burst to form thick honey-colored crusts. The rash is mildly itchy and is spreading quickly, with multiple lesions now evident around the mouth, cheeks, and nose. Vital signs are normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this condition? A. Oral amoxicillin B.Oral cephalexin C.Topical docosanol D.Topical hydrocortisone E.Warm compresses only

B.Oral cephalexin

A female patient comes to the pharmacy counter to pick up a prescription for nitrofurantoin. She is also purchasing a box of Azo Urinary Pain Relief. Which of the following are appropriate counseling points for the over-the-counter medication being purchased? (Select ALL that apply) A.Separate this medication from dairy products.BTake with food to minimize stomach upset.C.The maximum duration of use is two days.D.This medication can cause urine to turn a red-orange color.E.This medication helps symptoms but does not treat infection.

B.Take with food to minimize stomach upset. C.The maximum duration of use is two days. D.This medication can cause urine to turn a red-orange color. E.This medication helps symptoms but does not treat infection.

A 52-year-old male develops chills, a fever of 101°F (38.3°C), and an elevated white blood cell count of 14,200 cells/mm3. Blood cultures are positive for Enterococcus faecalis, and an echocardiogram shows a mitral valve vegetation. The patient is receiving high-dose penicillin G and gentamicin. Which of the following best describes why this combination of antibiotics is being used to treat the infection? A.To broaden the spectrum of activity B.To enhance intracellular drug penetration C.To inhibit the efflux of antibiotics out of the cell D.To prevent antibiotic inactivation by a bacterial enzyme E.To reduce urinary excretion of active metabolites

B.To enhance intracellular drug penetration

An 18-month-old female is brought to the office by her mother, who reports that her child has been tugging on both ears, eating less, and crying more than usual. In the office, the child has a temperature of 101.5°F (38.6°C) and examination reveals bulging bilateral tympanic membranes and middle ear effusions. The patient is allergic to penicillin, which caused a mild nonpruritic rash on her torso and arms three days after initiation. Which antibiotic is preferred to empirically treat the acute infection? A.Amoxicillin/clavulanate B.Azithromycin C.Cefuroxime D.Ciprofloxacin E.Clindamycin

C.Cefuroxime

DH comes to the hospital from a skilled nursing facility with signs and symptoms of a severe osteomyelitis infection. His cultures are positive for MRSA. Upon further work up, the MRSA is found to have a vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 mcg/mL. The medical team asks whether vancomycin should be used in this patient. Which of the following statements regarding vancomycin use in this patient is correct? A.The trough goal should be 25-30 mcg/mL for this indication. B.Vancomycin injection should be stored at room temperature. Refrigeration causes crystallization. C.An alternative antibiotic should be used in this patient due to the high vancomycin MIC. D.Vancomycin can be used, but faster infusions will be necessary to increase the peak concentration. E.Vancomycin can be used in this patient as long as higher doses are used.

C.An alternative antibiotic should be used in this patient due to the high vancomycin MIC.

RS is a 62-year-old male with multiple medical problems including colon cancer, status post surgical resection of his colon and chemotherapy who is now presenting with acute kidney injury (SCr has increased from 0.8 to 1.6 mg/dL) and a complicated Pseudomonas bloodstream infection. The medical team would like to use two drugs with activity against Pseudomonas until cultures and susceptibilities are available. Allergies include penicillin (angioedema) and simvastatin (history of rhabdomyolysis). Which of the following regimens represents the best choice? A. Cefepime + gentamicin B.Ertapenem + levofloxacin C.Aztreonam + ciprofloxacin D.Meropenem + tobramycin E.Piperacillin-tazobactam + moxifloxacin

C.Aztreonam + ciprofloxacin

Which of the following intravenous antimicrobial agents is compatible in D5W only? A.Ampicillin B.Cubicin C.Bactrim D.Ertapenem E.Unasyn

C.Bactrim

A patient with an extensive history of alcohol abuse comes into the hospital with classic signs and symptoms of an infection. Which of the following antibiotics presents a safety issue in light of his social history? A.Cefuroxime B.Cefotaxime C.Cefotetan D.Cefprozil E.Cefaclor

C.Cefotetan

A patient with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the urine culture is admitted to the hospital. The physician would like to avoid using a medication that can worsen kidney function as the patient's SCr has increased from 0.7 to 1.4 over the past week. Which of the following drugs would you recommend? A.Clindamycin B.Ceftriaxone C.Ceftolozane/tazobactam D.Oritavancin E.Tobramycin

C.Ceftolozane/tazobactam

A 36-year-old male was newly diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis 2 months ago. He has completed an initial 8 weeks of treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol and is now being evaluated at a follow-up visit. His baseline sputum culture results at the time of diagnosis showed no evidence of drug resistance. The patient has tolerated the current 4-drug regimen, and his baseline symptoms of fever, cough, and night sweats have resolved. Which of the following represents an appropriate treatment plan for this patient? A.Continue current treatment for an additional 4 months B.Continue ethambutol and pyrazinamide for 7 months C.Continue isoniazid and rifampin for 4 months D.Continue isoniazid monotherapy for 7 months E.Discontinue all antimicrobials at this time

C.Continue isoniazid and rifampin for 4 months

A 27-year-old female comes to the clinic with a 4-day history of fever, body aches, and a severe headache. In the past 24 hours, a red "splotchy" rash has appeared on her wrists and ankles. The patient recently went on a hiking trip and was bitten by a tick. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is suspected and serological testing is pending. She has no known drug allergies. Which treatment is preferred for this patient? A. Amoxicillin B.Azithromycin C.Doxycycline D.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim E.Wait to give antibiotics until serological testing returns

C.Doxycycline

CM is a 29-year-old sexually active male who comes to the emergency department after finding a painless, 2-cm ulcer on his penis. He does not have a fever or urethral discharge but discloses that he currently engages in unprotected sex. The patient has an allergy to amoxicillin (throat swelling). Laboratory TestsHIV-1 antibodynegativeRapid plasma reaginpositiveTreponemal assaypositive After counseling CM regarding medication adherence, he should be started on which treatment? A.Azithromycin PO B.Ceftriaxone IM C.Doxycycline PO D.Penicillin G benzathine IM E.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole PO

C.Doxycycline

KH, a 24-year-old male who is sexually active with multiple men, comes to the office for a routine annual physical examination. His records indicate he has received all necessary vaccinations, including the human papillomavirus vaccine series. Routine screening for HIV, hepatitis C, and syphilis are negative. Urethral and rectal swabs sent for nucleic acid amplification testing are positive for Chlamydia trachomatis and negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Which treatment is recommended for this patient? A.Ceftriaxone 500 mg intramuscularly as a single dose B.Clindamycin 300 mg by mouth twice daily for 7 days C.Doxycycline 100 mg by mouth twice daily for 7 days D.Erythromycin 500 mg by mouth four times daily for 7 days E.Metronidazole 2 grams by mouth as a single dose

C.Doxycycline 100 mg by mouth twice daily for 7 days

BT is a 28-year-old female with a 2-day history of increased urinary frequency and burning with urination. She has suprapubic tenderness but no flank pain. Her vital signs are normal. A urinalysis is positive for white blood cells, leukocyte esterase, and nitrites, and a urine culture is pending. BT has a history of Escherichia coli urinary tract infections, the last of which was treated 2 months ago with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. She has no known drug allergies. Which antibiotic is the best choice to empirically treat the infection while awaiting culture results? A.Amoxicillin B.Bactrim DS C.Fosfomycin D.Metronidazole E.Zithromax

C.Fosfomycin

JV is a 46-year-old male who comes to the hospital with cough, blood-tinged sputum, night sweats, and unintentional weight loss of 15 lbs over the past 2 months. A chest x-ray shows a cavitation in the right upper lobe, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is identified on an induced sputum culture. Which combination drug regimen is the preferred initial therapy for this patient? A.Bedaquiline, moxifloxacin, and streptomycin B.Ethambutol and pyrazinamide C.Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and rifampin D.Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrimethamine, and rifampin E.Isoniazid, pyridoxine, and rifampin

C.Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and rifampin

Choose the correct statement concerning azithromycin: A.It has drug interactions similar to clarithromycin. B.It leaves a metallic taste in the mouth. C.It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit. D.It binds to penicillin-binding proteins. E.It can be used if an allergy is noted to erythromycin.

C.It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding ceftriaxone? A.It should be given with IV calcium in neonates. B.It displays concentration-dependent bactericidal activity. C.It has better Gram-negative activity than cefotetan. D.It is available in both oral and intravenous formulations. E.It requires dose adjustment in renal dysfunction.

C.It has better Gram-negative activity than cefotetan.

Which of the following statements is correct in regard to Rocephin? A.It is considered a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with activity against Pseudomonas. B.It is cleared unchanged by the kidney and requires dose adjustments in renal impairment. C.It is a drug of choice for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. D.It should be avoided in patients who are pregnant. E.It can be used with calcium containing IV products in neonates.

C.It is a drug of choice for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

JJ is a 48-year-old male who comes to the urgent care clinic with cough, purulent sputum, and chills. He has not traveled recently and has no known sick contacts. Past Medical History: alopecia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, insomnia Allergies: sulfa (hives, anaphylaxis) Medications:Amlodipine 2.5 mg dailyLisinopril 10 mg dailyMetformin 1,000 mg twice dailyLatanoprost 1 drop both eyes at bedtimeMelatonin 3 mg nightly Vital Signs: BP 138/90 mmHg, HR 102 bpm, RR 18 bpm, T 102.6°F (39.2°C) Diagnostic Tests:Chest x-ray: left lower lobe infiltrate consistent with pneumonia Which antibiotic is recommended for the outpatient management of JJ's condition? A.Amoxicillin B.Ciprofloxacin C.Levofloxacin D.Teflaro E.Zithromax

C.Levofloxacin

GM is a 46-year-old female who comes to the emergency department with a 2-day history of decreased appetite, 8 to 10 loose, watery stools per day, and abdominal cramping. She was treated for a nonsevere Clostridioides difficile infection 8 weeks ago with oral vancomycin. Laboratory tests today show a white blood cell count of 16,500 cells/mm3, hemoglobin of 16 g/dL, and a serum creatinine of 0.9 mg/dL. A stool PCR test is positive for Clostridioides difficile. Which treatment is appropriate at this time? A.Intravenous bezlotoxumab B.Intravenous Flagyl C.Oral Dificid D.Oral neomycin E.Oral rifaximin

C.Oral Dificid

A 21-year-old female comes to the clinic for a first prenatal visit. She has mild nausea but otherwise has no symptoms. Her last menstrual period was 6 weeks ago. The patient has no known health concerns and takes no medications. Allergies: penicillin (anaphylaxis) Vital Signs: BP 110/60 mmHg, HR 88 bpm, RR 12 bpm, T 98.6°F (37°C), Ht 64 inches, Wt 52 kg Laboratory Tests:Hemoglobin 12.5 g/dLHIV-1 antibody negativeHIV-2 antibody negativeRapid plasma reagin positiveTreponemal assay positivehCG (urine) positive Which treatment plan is most appropriate for this patient? A.Ceftriaxone 1 gram IV daily for 10 days B.Doxycycline 100 mg PO twice daily for 14 days C.Penicillin desensitization, then give penicillin G benzathine 2.4 million units IM weekly for 3 weeks D.Penicillin G aqueous 4 million units IV every 4 hours for 14 days E.Withhold treatment and monitor for neurological symptoms monthly

C.Penicillin desensitization, then give penicillin G benzathine 2.4 million units IM weekly for 3 weeks

A patient is picking up a prescription for Keflex. He should be counseled on which of the following points: A.This medication may cause hearing loss or ringing in the ears. B.This medication can increase your risk of sunburn. C.The medication can cause a rash, GI upset and diarrhea. D.This medication may darken your urine. E.This medication may cause a metallic taste in the mouth.

C.The medication can cause a rash, GI upset and diarrhea.

A patient is being transitioned from ciprofloxacin intravenous to ciprofloxacin oral suspension. All of the following statements regarding ciprofloxacin oral suspension are correct EXCEPT: A.This agent may prolong the QT interval. B.The patient's blood sugar may be affected. C.This medication should only be given through a feeding tube. D.This agent can cause peripheral neuropathies. E.This medication should be shaken prior to use.

C.This medication should only be given through a feeding tube.

A 67-year-old female is scheduled for an elective total knee replacement surgery. She has a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and dyslipidemia. Preoperative vital signs and laboratory tests are within normal limits, and the patient has no known drug allergies. Which of the following intravenous antibiotics should be administered prior to surgery?

Cefazolin

A 24-year-old male with no known health conditions comes to the community pharmacy to consult with the pharmacist about "bothersome" respiratory symptoms he has been experiencing over the past few days. The patient reports a mild ("scratchy") sore throat, a runny nose, and sneezing. His maximum temperature at home is 99.7°F (37.6°C). He does not have any shortness of breath, chest pain, itchy nose/eyes, loss of taste/smell, cough, or muscle aches. Which condition does this patient most likely have? A.Acute bronchitis B.Common cold C.Community-acquired pneumonia D.Influenza E.Streptococcal pharyngitis

Common Cold

KM is a previously healthy 20-year-old male who lives in undergraduate housing at a local state university. He comes to the emergency department due to severe headache, fever, stiff neck, and altered mental status. He is diagnosed with community-acquired meningitis. A lumbar puncture is performed, and he is started on empiric antibiotics and dexamethasone. The cerebrospinal fluid Gram stain shows gram-negative diplococci. What is the likely organism causing meningitis in this patient? A. Escherichia coli B.Haemophilus influenzae C.Listeria monocytogenes D.Neisseria meningitidis E.Streptococcus pneumoniae

D.Neisseria meningitidis

A 13-year-old male visits his primary care provider with symptoms of sudden-onset sore throat, chills, and headache. He does not have a cough or runny nose. He is found to have a temperature of 101°F (38.3°C), inflamed tonsils with patchy exudates, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. A rapid antigen swab of the throat is positive for Streptococcus pyogenes. He has no known drug allergies. Which of the following is a first-line treatment for this patient? A.Amoxicillin/clavulanate B.Erythromycin C.Levofloxacin D.Penicillin V potassium E.Symptomatic treatment only

D.Penicillin V potassium

What is the generic name of Zosyn? A.Aztreonam B.Linezolid C.Ceftazidime and avibactam D.Piperacillin and tazobactam E.Ertapenem

D.Piperacillin and tazobactam

EL, a 62-year-old female, is receiving ceftriaxone 1g intravenously every 24 hours and metronidazole 500 mg intravenously every 12 hours for an intra-abdominal infection involving Bacteroides fragilis. She is ready to transfer to the floor and is tolerating a diet. She will be transitioned to oral metronidazole. What is an equivalent PO dose of Flagyl? A.750 mg PO Q24H B.250 mg PO Q6H C.500 mg PO Q8H D.500 mg PO Q12H E.250 mg PO Q12H

D.500 mg PO Q12H

A 46-year-old male comes to the clinic wanting to start HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). He reports no sexual partners for at least a year but previously had multiple sexual partners with inconsistent condom use. Baseline laboratory results are negative for HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia; a VDRL and treponemal assay are positive. A physical exam does not identify any lesions of the mucosa, genitals, rectum, or perianal area. He has no headache, changes to vision, or altered mental status. Which regimen is preferred for this patient? A. Bicillin C-R 1.2 million units IM weekly × 1 dose B.Bicillin C-R 2.4 million units IM weekly × 3 weeks C.Bicillin L-A 1.2 million units IV × 1 dose D.Bicillin L-A 2.4 million units IM weekly × 3 weeks E.Penicillin G aqueous 4 million units IV × 1 dose

D.Bicillin L-A 2.4 million units IM weekly × 3 weeks

A 21-year-old male college student is brought to the emergency department by his roommate, who found him in their dorm room lethargic and confused. The patient skipped classes today due to a severe headache and has had one episode of emesis since arriving at the hospital. Social History: does not smoke tobacco, drinks on weekends (beer) Allergies: NKDA Vital Signs: BP 102/64 mmHg, HR 104 bpm, RR 20 bpm, T 102.2°F (39°C), Ht 70″, Wt 181 lbs Laboratory Tests:White blood cells 15,000 cells/mm3Platelets 200,000 cells/mm3Blood urea nitrogen 18 mg/dLSerum creatinine 0.8 mg/dL Diagnostic Tests: lumbar puncture pending Which empiric antibiotic regimen is most appropriate for this patient? A.Ampicillin + cefotaxime + vancomycin B.Ampicillin + gentamicin C.Ceftriaxone + sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim D.Ceftriaxone + vancomycin E.Moxifloxacin + vancomycin

D.Ceftriaxone + vancomycin

Which of the following are third generation cephalosporins? A.Cefotetan, cephalexin, ceftazidime B.Cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftaroline C.Cefdinir, cephalexin, cefepime D.Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefdinir E.Cefazolin, cefepime, ceftaroline

D.Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefdinir

Each of the following drugs are active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa except: A.Aztreonam B.Doripenem C.Levofloxacin D.Cefuroxime E.Amikacin

D.Cefuroxime

GH is a 64-year-old male who is scheduled for an elective cardiac pacemaker implantation. He has a documented penicillin allergy noted to cause anaphylaxis. Which antibiotic should the operating room pharmacist dispense for administration prior to the procedure? A.Ampicillin/sulbactam B.Cefazolin C.Ciprofloxacin D.Clindamycin E.Gentamicin

D.Clindamycin

BV is a 42-year-old male who comes to his primary care provider with a 2-day history of new-onset shortness of breath, fever, chills, fatigue, and persistent cough. He has no other health issues and no known drug allergies. A chest x-ray confirms pneumonia. The local antibiogram shows Streptococcus pneumoniae is 60% susceptible to macrolides. What is the most appropriate antibiotic therapy for this patient? A.Amoxicillin for 10 days B.Azithromycin for 5 days C.Azithromycin for 10 days D.Doxycycline for 5 days E.Doxycycline for 10 days

D.Doxycycline for 5 days

SZ is a 67-year-old female admitted to the hospital for worsening shortness of breath that the patient describes as much worse than her "typical heart failure episodes." Other symptoms include a productive cough with yellow sputum and fever. Past Medical History: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure (last EF 30%), hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peripheral arterial disease Allergies: penicillin (rash and lip swelling) Medications:Entresto 49 mg/51 mg BIDLasix 40 mg BIDCoreg CR 40 mg dailyCombivent Respimat 1 inhalation QIDAldactone 25 mg dailyAspirin 81 mg dailyOmeprazole 20 mg daily Vital Signs: BP 138/91 mmHg, HR 72 bpm, RR 18 bpm, O2 sat 90% on room air, T 101.8°F (38.8°C) Laboratory Tests:White blood cells 13,200 cells/mm3Hemoglobin 12.4 g/dLPlatelets 210,000 cells/mm3 Diagnostic Tests:Chest x-ray: left lower lobe infiltrate Which of the following is the best option for empiric treatment of SZ's acute medical issue? A. Ampicillin/sulbactam + azithromycin B.Azithromycin C.Doxycycline D.Levofloxacin E.Piperacillin/tazobactam + doxycycline

D.Levofloxacin

Which of the following pathogens are covered by Teflaro? A. Bacteroides fragilis, E. coli B.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas C.Pseudomonas, E. coli D.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), E. coli E.Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococci species

D.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), E. coli

AP is a 66-year-old male with a history of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (last hemoglobin A1C: 8.6%), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia who reports a two-day history of 8 to 9 loose, watery stools each day, abdominal cramping, and fever. He recently completed a six-week course of ertapenem for osteomyelitis secondary to a diabetic foot ulcer. A stool test is positive for Clostridioides difficile toxin. Which treatment is recommended for this patient? A.Fidaxomicin 200 mg PO BID for 14 days B.Metronidazole 500 mg PO TID for 10 days C.Metronidazole 500 mg PO TID for 14 days D.Vancomycin 125 mg PO QID for 10 days E.Vancomycin 500 mg PO QID for 10 days

D.Vancomycin 125 mg PO QID for 10 days

Each of the following drugs can be used to treat MRSA infections EXCEPT: A.Daptomycin B.Linezolid C.Oritavancin D.Vancomycin E.Ceftazidime/Avibactam

E.Ceftazidime/Avibactam

Which group of agents cover atypical pathogens? A.Levaquin, doxycycline, Augmentin B.Flagyl, Erythromycin, Ceftin C.Bactrim, Keflex, Amoxil D.Cefdinir, Cipro, Biaxin E.Doxycycline, Zithromax, Avelox

E.Doxycycline, Zithromax, Avelox

A 31-year-old pregnant female comes to the obstetrician office due to yellow-green, frothy vaginal discharge that has a foul odor. Other symptoms include pain with urination and during sexual intercourse. Vaginal swabs are positive for Trichomonas vaginalis and negative for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Which treatment is recommended for this patient? A.Azithromycin 2,000 mg PO as a single dose B.Ceftriaxone 1,000 mg IM as a single dose C.Clindamycin 100 mg intravaginally for 3 days D.Metronidazole 0.75% intravaginally for 5 days E.Metronidazole 500 mg PO BID for 7 days

E.Metronidazole 500 mg PO BID for 7 days

Of the following oral suspension antibiotics, which one should not be refrigerated? A. Augmentin B.Pen VK C.Ceftin D.Keflex E.Omnicef

E.Omnicef

A 57-year-old male comes to his primary care provider due to a painless ulcer on his penis that he first noticed 5 days ago. The patient has no history of sexually transmitted infections but has been sexually active with multiple partners while using condoms inconsistently in the past 12 months. Physical examination confirms the presence of a 2-cm penile chancre and mild swelling of the lymph nodes in the groin but is otherwise unremarkable. A rapid plasma reagin and treponemal test are positive. The patient has no known drug allergies. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient? A.Azithromycin 1 gram PO once B.Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM once C.Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID for 7 days D.Penicillin G aqueous 3 million units IV Q4H for 10 days E.Penicillin G benzathine 2.4 million units IM once

E.Penicillin G benzathine 2.4 million units IM once

CG is a 72-year-old female admitted to the hospital with a 3-day history of 9 to 10 loose watery stools per day, abdominal pain, and confusion. She received clindamycin prior to an outpatient root canal procedure one week ago. On examination, the patient is noted to have abdominal distention. Past Medical History: endocarditis (2 years ago), hypertension, osteoporosis Allergies: penicillin (anaphylaxis) Home Medications: calcium carbonate with vitamin D, hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, risedronate Inpatient Medications:Acetaminophen 650 mg PR every 6 hours PRN fever > 38°CLactated Ringer's 1,000 mL IV, infuse 2,000 mL bolus STAT once0.9% sodium chloride 1,000 mL, infuse at 150 mL/hour Vital Signs: BP 82/50 mmHg, HR 110 bpm, RR 22 bpm, T 101.3°F (38.5°C), Ht 5' 4", Wt 60 kg Laboratory Tests:White blood cells 18,000 cells/mm3Hemoglobin 13 g/dLPlatelets 180,000 cells/mm3Sodium 135 mEq/LPotassium 3.4 mEq/LChloride 98 mEq/LBicarbonate 19 mEq/LBlood urea nitrogen 35 mg/dLSerum creatinine 1.6 mg/dLCalcium 8.8 mg/dLGlucose 120 mg/dLLactate 4.5 mmol/L Diagnostic Tests:CT abdomen: diffuse colonic wall thickening and dilatationRectal swab for Clostridioides difficile toxin positive Assessment and Plan: Stooling is now minimal (nurse unable to obtain stool sample), concern for ileus. Hold home medications, continue intravenous fluids, and start targeted antibiotic therapy. Which treatment is most appropriate for this patient? A.Intravenous vancomycin plus oral fidaxomicin B.Intravenous vancomycin plus oral metronidazole C.Nasogastric vancomycin monotherapy D.Oral fidaxomicin monotherapy E.Rectal vancomycin + intravenous metronidazole

E.Rectal vancomycin + intravenous metronidazole

The clinical pharmacist is preparing for rounds. He calls the laboratory to see if the culture results are available for an ICU patient. The laboratory states that the Gram stain contains dark purple diplococci. Which of these organisms is consistent with this Gram stain? A.E. coli B.MRSA C.Mycoplasma pneumoniae D.Proteus mirabilis E.S. pneumoniae

E.S. pneumoniae

A 62-year-old male was recently admitted to the hospital with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). He has no known drug allergies. The infection was treated with cefotaxime for 7 days and the infection resolved. Today, the medical team is implementing a discharge plan. Which antibiotic should be included on the discharge medication list to prevent future episodes of SBP in this patient? A.Clindamycin B.Dicloxacillin C.Linezolid D.Metronidazole E.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

E.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

GT is a 68-year-old male who seeks medical care for a painful bump on the back of his neck. A physical exam shows a 2.5-cm tender red nodule with an overlying pustule and emerging hair, which is determined to be a furuncle. The patient's vital signs are BP 125/80 mmHg, HR 85 bpm, RR 16 bpm, and T 101°F (38.3°C). In addition to incision and drainage, which empiric antibiotic is appropriate for this condition? A.Amoxicillin B.Cefpodoxime C.Moxifloxacin D.Penicillin V potassium E.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

E.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

A 24-year-old female comes to the pharmacy health clinic with symptoms of nasal congestion, runny nose, and a feeling of pressure in her face for the past 5 days. The nasal drainage is described as yellow and thin. The patient has no fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, myalgia, or headache. She has been using OTC decongestants but is asking for an antibiotic to accelerate resolution of her symptoms. Which of the following treatments is recommended for this patient at this time? A.Amoxicillin B.Azithromycin C.Cefdinir D.Doxycycline E.Symptomatic relief only

E.Symptomatic relief only

CV is a 42-year-old male who comes to his primary care provider with a cough that has persisted for approximately 2-3 weeks. He describes experiencing a "cold" approximately 3 weeks ago, the symptoms of which resolved after a few days except for the acute cough. The cough is productive and accompanied by rib pain but is not associated with any inspiratory "whoops" or vomiting. The patient has no chronic medical conditions or allergies and takes no routine medications. Vital signs and a physical examination are within normal limits except for some diffuse wheezing heard on chest auscultation. Diagnostic TestsCOVID-19 PCR: negativeInfluenza PCR: negative for influenza A and BChest x-ray: no consolidations or infiltrates Which treatment is recommended for this patient? A.Amoxicillin/clavulanate B.Clarithromycin C.Doxycycline D.Levofloxacin E.Symptomatic treatment only

E.Symptomatic treatment only

SS is a 3-year-old boy with a rash on the left corner of his mouth and around the left side of his nose. The rash first appeared three days ago as a few localized spots. Now there are pustules in some areas and portions of the rash are covered with a golden-colored crust. The patient is otherwise asymptomatic and has no known drug allergies. What is the most appropriate treatment for his condition? A.Oral azithromycin B.Oral ciprofloxacin C.Topical acyclovir D.Topical ketoconazole E.Topical mupirocin

E.Topical mupirocin

A 23-year-old sexually active male visits his primary care physician concerned about multiple soft, nonpainful, mildly pruritic, skin-colored papules that have developed on the shaft of his penis. He is diagnosed with genital warts. What treatment is recommended?

Imiquimod cream