Pre and post us colonalisim

Which of the following tribes were located in North America? Select all answers that apply. A Iroquois B Inca C Mohicans D Cherokee

A Iroquois correct The Iroquois were originally located in upstate New York, but eventually were spread throughout the northeastern US and eastern Canada. C Mohicans correct The Mohicans were located in northeastern North America, around the Hudson River. D Cherokee correct The Cherokee were located in the southeastern United States.

Which of the following best describes the economic justification given by Southerners for their support of secession? A Southern planters feared the growing power of the industrial Northern economy and feared losing economic profit and influence as the country industrialized. B Northern industry began to depend more on Southern agriculture, leading to unfair labor practices in order to keep prices low. C Slaves had begun refusing to work, causing a massive labor shortage in the South. Northern workers could not provide adequate labor on Southern farms. D Northern industrial producers paid an artificially low price for Southern cotton.

A Southern planters feared the growing power of the industrial Northern economy and feared losing economic profit and influence as the country industrialized. Northern industry began to dominate the economic life of the United States, which caused variants of sectionalism to arise as Southern farmers feared losing their economic power and position.

As Europeans began to colonize North and South America, existing civilizations and empires in those regions were destroyed and pillaged, and their citizens murdered, enslaved, or infected with fatal diseases. One such empire was the Inca in modern-day Peru. Which nation was responsible for the colonization and subsequent destruction of the Inca Empire in 1532? A Spain B England C Portugal D France

A Spain The Spanish, led by Francisco Pizzaro, conquered the Inca empire and the land of modern-day Peru. Pizzaro and his army are responsible for the surprise attack, kidnapping, and subsequent assassination of the Inca emperor Atahualpa.

Which of the following did NOT influence American colonists' decision to seek independence from Great Britain? A The French government offered to financially support the colonists' war against the British. B Taxes were levied on American colonists' goods and commerce without the colonists' having any representation in the British government that was enacting the taxes. C Under King George III, American settlers were not allowed to settle west of the Appalachian mountains. D The British government would not allow American businesses to trade with other nations.

A The French government offered to financially support the colonists' war against the British. While the French government did ultimately provide financial support to the American colonists against the British, this was not a factor in the decision to declare independence, as this support was not secured until the Revolution was well underway.

Which of the following best identifies a major outcome of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? A The United States gained territory previously held by Mexico. B The Confederacy surrendered to the Union Army in the American Civil War. C America was granted independence from Great Britain. D The War of 1812 was ended.

A The United States gained territory previously held by Mexico. correct Signed in 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War.

Which of the following best explains the importance of the Battle of Saratoga? A The victory in Saratoga convinced the French to support the Americans. B It was the battle that established George Washington as prominent leader. C It was the final battle of the Revolutionary War. D It was the first battle of the Revolutionary War.

A The victory in Saratoga convinced the French to support the Americans. correct The Battle of Saratoga is often credited as the turning point of the Revolutionary War in favor of the Americans. Due to the victory of America over the British, the French were convinced to recognize the independence of America and to give it military assistance. It is believed that this victory and ensuing French assistance made possible America's future success in the war.

Which of the following best describes the lifestyle of Native Americans in what would become the Northeastern United States prior to the arrival of European colonizers? A They lived in permanent settlements and farmed regular crops. B They were nomadic and followed herds of elk. C They relied on hunting and gathering for their primary food sources. D They lived in individual family groups and farmed irregularly.

A They lived in permanent settlements and farmed regular crops. Native American tribes in the Northeast (such as the Iroquois Confederacy) lived in highly structured communities and practiced developed agriculture.

Which of the following was NOT a challenge faced by leaders of the early American Republic? A a new population of freed slaves B high levels of debt C British occupation of the Northwest D division among the states

A a new population of freed slaves correct Slavery continued to be practiced in the new United States as it had in the colonies. A sudden increase in the population of freed slaves would not become a national issue until after the Civil War.

The English desire for colonies in the Americas was directly influenced by: A mercantilism and the creation of joint-stock companies. B Parliament's increasing power during the 16th and 17th centuries. C King James signing the Magna Carta. D the Civil War between the Roundheads and the Cavaliers.

A mercantilism and the creation of joint-stock companies. Mercantilism was an economic philosophy that measured a nation's wealth by the amount of gold it owned. In response to this philosophy, nations wanted to export more and import less (exports bring gold in, imports send gold out of the country). Nations began investing in colonies to diversify their resource production in order to maximize exports and minimize imports.

What was the primary effect of early European explorers on North American Native populations? A population decline from new diseases B economic ruin after plundering of gold C religious conversions to Roman Catholicism D population increase from new crops

A population decline from new diseases correct Native American populations plummeted as they were introduced to infectious diseases for which they did not have immunities.

Parliament enacted the Tea Act of 1773 primarily to: A sell tea only at government-approved tea houses. B raise large sums of money through taxes. C promote a new product on the American market. D reward American merchants.

A sell tea only at government-approved tea houses. The Tea Act allowed the East India Trading Company to deliver tea directly to the colonies (previously, tea was shipped to America through middlemen). The result was that the cost of British tea was reduced in the colonies-although it was still more expensive than what the colonists had been paying for other, foreign tea. The colonists were required to pay the Tea Tax imposed by the Townshend Acts, but instead of paying the tax, the colonists organized resistance to purchasing and drinking tea. The anger amongst colonies about the Tea Act was not toward the act itself, but rather toward England's attempt to impose the tax.

Prior to European contact, Native Americans along the eastern seaboard lived in what type of settlement? A settled tribal communities B migrating clan groups composed of a few families C as individual families D large urban cities with surrounding villages

A settled tribal communities Most tribes along the eastern seaboard lived in settled tribal communities where they constructed permanent dwellings and engaged in agriculture.

Which of the following was a leading cause of the end of slavery in the United States? A the Union victory in the Civil War B failure of the Southern economy C independence from Great Britain D grassroots political efforts

A the Union victory in the Civil War correct After the Confederacy had been defeated, slavery was outlawed across the nation.

What was the colonists' response to the Intolerable Acts? A the meeting of the First Continental Congress B the writing of the Declaration of Independence C the Boston Tea Party D the establishment of the Sons of Liberty

A the meeting of the First Continental Congress The First Continental Congress was formed in response to the Intolerable acts.

Which of the following battles resulted in the surrender of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and the subsequent end of the Civil War? A Chancellorsville B Appomattox Courthouse C Gettysburg D Fort Sumter

B Appomattox Courthouse The Battle of Appomattox Courthouse signaled the end of Lee's Army and with it the major fighting force supporting the Confederacy, which was defeated soon after.

Which of the following statements is a fact about the Freedmen's Bureau? A It was created when Democrats were in power but was later eliminated by Republicans. B It helped newly-freed Black Americans gain access to education and work opportunities. C It established long-lasting programs to support formerly enslaved people. D It was an ineffective and ill-conceived attempt to help formerly enslaved people.

B It helped newly-freed Black Americans gain access to education and work opportunities. correct This is a fact about the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau. While it existed, it helped newly-freed Black Americans access education and find work, key factors in enabling upward mobility.

Which pairing best describes the purpose for the establishment of that colony? A Massachusetts Bay - for economic and political freedoms B New Amsterdam - to become a major area of business and trade C Jamestown - provide land for settlers from other areas of America D Plymouth - to enable Britain to have a supply of iron and timber

B New Amsterdam - to become a major area of business and trade New Amsterdam was established with the goal of becoming a major area of business and trade.

Which of the following developments came about as a result of the Missouri Compromise of 1820? A California was admitted to the Union as a free state. B Slavery was banned north of the 36°30′ parallel. C The United States created a standing army to patrol Indian territories. D The President was banned from serving more than two terms.

B Slavery was banned north of the 36°30′ parallel. correct The Missouri Compromise banned slavery north of the 36°30′ parallel and helped maintain power between slave and free states.

Once they had been readmitted to the Union, how did former Confederate states respond to the program of Reconstruction? A by launching another effort at secession B by electing Democratic politicians opposed to African American enfranchisement C by embracing African Americans as equal citizens D by continuing Republican control of the South

B by electing Democratic politicians opposed to African American enfranchisement correct Once they'd been readmitted to the Union and had their voting rights restored, former Confederate states allowed former Confederate leadership to return to power as Democrats who fervently opposed the programs of Reconstruction.

The Virginia House of Burgesses engaged the citizenry in governance through which of the following means? A allowing all landowning men in Virginia to participate directly in the legislative process B establishing a system in which legislative representatives were elected on behalf of their constituents C holding all legislative debates outdoors so that the public could attend D submitting all bills to the people for final approval before becoming law

B establishing a system in which legislative representatives were elected on behalf of their constituents The House of Burgesses was the first political chamber in the United States to practice representative democracy.

Which of the following led directly to the relocation of large numbers of Africans to the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries? A exploration B slavery C guarantee of land for settlement D the indentured servitude system

B slavery correct The vast majority of Africans who came to the New World during the colonial period came as slaves, either brought with their masters from Europe or captured and sold into slavery in the Americas.

Common Sense by Thomas Paine helped inspire which of the following? A the War of 1812 B the American Revolution C World War II D the Civil War

B the American Revolution correct Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense, which advocated independence from Great Britain and helped inspire the American Revolution.

Which of the following events caused the British government to pass the Intolerable Acts (or, as they were known in Great Britain, the Coercive Acts)? A the first shots fired at Lexington and Concord B the Boston Tea Party C the publishing of Common Sense by Thomas Paine D the Boston Massacre

B the Boston Tea Party correct In response to the Tea Act of 1773, colonists protested the new tax by throwing British tea into Boston Harbor. This was known as the Boston Tea Party. In response, the British parliament passed the Coercive Acts to attempt to regain control of the colonists and discourage further protest.

Which of the following disagreements led to the emergence of two political parties in the US? A the decision to declare independence from Great Britain B the creation of the Bank of the United States C the Proclamation of Neutrality D the Whiskey Rebellion

B the creation of the Bank of the United States correct Jefferson and Madison worked together to oppose Hamilton's creation of the Bank of the United States. Their opposition gained supporters and became the Democratic-Republican party. Those who supported Hamilton's plan and a strong central government became the Federalists.

Who invested in the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492? A the Medici family B Ferdinand and Isabella C Prince Henry of Portugal D Queen Elizabeth I

C

Which of the following is thought to be the first Mesoamerican civilization? A Mayan B Teotihuacán C Olmec D Toltec

C Olmec The Olmec civilization was the first Mesoamerican civilization.

Which of the following European powers first settled Manhattan, New York? A England B Spain C The Netherlands D France

C The Netherlands The Netherlands (sometimes called Holland or the Dutch) purchased the island of Manhattan from the local Indians and established a trading port in 1613. New York was originally called "New Amsterdam."

Which of the following was the initial goal of French exploration of North America? A extract of gold and silver B preventing Britishand Spanish control of the continent C discovering a water passageway to the Pacific D establishing trade with European settlers

C discovering a water passageway to the Pacific correct French exploration began with the goal of finding the Northwest Passage - a water route through North America to the Pacific that would facilitate trade with Asia.

Magellan's circumnavigation of the earth in 1521 was undertaken in order to finally put to rest what theory? A Imperialism B heliocentrism C flat earth D Feudalism

C flat earth correct Most Europeans scholars did not believe in a flat earth, contrary to popular belief. But for those who did, Magellan's voyage gave them irrefutable proof that the earth was round.

Which of the following was not a result of Spain's early exploration of the Americas? A the spread of Christianity B the domination and subjugation of Mesoamerican empires C identification of more efficient trade routes to Asia D increased wealth for the Spanish monarchy and Spanish explorers

C identification of more efficient trade routes to Asia correct Early Spanish explorers did hope to find a better route to Asia for the purposes of trade, but they did not find one despite Christopher Columbus thinking he had arrived in Asia when he had actually found the Caribbean.

Which of the following hunted and trapped beaver in the lucrative fur trade in North America? A the Portuguese B the English C the French D the Dutch

C the French The French, in search of fur, explored the land around the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi River and eventually settled the land. French settlements and forts focused on establishing trade relations with the local Indian tribes; the French did not want to establish agricultural settlements and fight with Indians over land claims. The priority of trading with the Indians over land claims resulted in generally positive relationships between the French settlers and Native Americans they encountered.

Manifest Destiny inspired Americans to migrate westward and settle the land between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean. Which of the following is a major long-term economic effect of this westward expansion by the United States? A a peaceful trading relationship with American Indians B a heavy reliance on oxen and horses to travel C the expansion of agriculture and mineral operations in the United States D the concentration of the craft goods economy in the South

C the expansion of agriculture and mineral operations in the United States correct Much of the land settled by Americans in the 19th century was west of the Mississippi, and the land was great for farming and had many natural resources-like gold, silver, and oil-that Americans extracted.

The Columbian Exchange best refers to: A the trade routes established as a result of the Crusades. B the trade routes established between Europe and Asia that inspired Columbus' expedition. C the trade routes established between Europe and the "New World" discovered by Columbus. D a new set of goods demanded in Europe after the Renaissance.

C the trade routes established between Europe and the "New World" discovered by Columbus. correct The Columbian Exchange refers to the trade routes established between Europe and the land Columbus found. It is called the Columbian Exchange because Columbus pioneered the trading.

Mr. Jones provides the political cartoon seen here to his students to analyze. What conclusion is he aiming for his students to form? A The New World Native Americans had no goods that the Europeans desired. BMost trading between the two groups occurred at sea. C The New World and the Old World had a fair trading system. D The Europeans spread diseases to the Native Americans while trading for goods.

D The Europeans spread diseases to the Native Americans while trading for goods. During the Columbian Exchange, the Native Americans were exposed to diseases from the Europeans, wiping out large populations.

The Columbian Exchange resulted in: A mass inflation in the Americas. B a large influx of disease in Europe, known as the "Black Plague." C the introduction of tobacco to the Native Americans. D an increase in dietary choices in both Europe and the Americas.

D an increase in dietary choices in both Europe and the Americas. This is the best answer because new crops were brought from America to Europe, and vice-versa. This allowed farmers to grow a wider variety of crops, resulting in an increase in dietary choices.

Which of the following best describes the primary goal of the first French explorers of North America? A establish a vibrant fur trade B convert Native Americans to Christianity C establish a military outpost to combat Spanish dominance of North America D discover a western sea route to trade with Asia

D discover a western sea route to trade with Asia Jacques Cartier was the first Frenchman to explore North America. He was sent in 1534, by commission of the French king, to find a western passage to the lucrative markets of Asia. A secondary goal of Cartier, and subsequent French explorers, was establishing land claims for France. Eventually, the land claims proved to be profitable and the hope of finding a western passage was discarded. As more French explorers claimed North American land and established forts for France, French missionaries and adventurers migrated to the New World to convert Native Americans and capitalize on the emerging lucrative fur trade.

The settlers of Jamestown Colony came to the New World seeking ______, while those who came later and settled at Plymouth were in search of ______. A democratic government; slaves B religious freedom; economic prosperity C slaves; religious freedom D economic prosperity; religious freedom

D economic prosperity; religious freedom The settlers at Jamestown came to form an economic enterprise, while those who came to Plymouth came primarily to find a place they could freely practice their faith.

Which of the following was a direct result of the mass westward migration of white American settlers in the mid-1800s? A the Louisiana Purchase B the forced removal of Indigenous people from their land C urbanization D mass production of railroads

D mass production of railroads As White settlers moved west, there was an increased need for faster travel, trade, and movement of building supplies. The transcontinental railroad was a direct response to, or a result of, westward expansion.

Which of the following best describes the Hopi tribe? A known for expanding through war and conquest B had no central government and lived in villages or homesteads C made up of multiple tribes in various villages and lived in longhouses D resided in compact villages called pueblos

D resided in compact villages called pueblos correct The Hopi tribe were peaceful people who lived in villages called pueblos.

The Sons of Liberty played a major role in protesting which of the following? A the Tea Act B the Quartering Act C the Townshend Acts D the Stamp Act

D the Stamp Act The Stamp Act of 1765 enacted a tax on all newspapers along with legal and commercial documents. It was protested by the Sons of Liberty and repealed by the British government in 1766.

One of the long-term effects of the exchange of peoples and ideas during the Age of Exploration was: A European dominance in seafaring B the mass production of printed texts in Europe C the rise of capitalism in the Middle East D the diversification of European cuisines

D the diversification of European cuisines The Age of Exploration brought European explorers into contact with many different cultures as well as with new foods, including potatoes, tomatoes, chilis, and chocolate, which were soon incorporated into European cuisines.