pre lab quiz 8

what are autosomes?

chromosomes 1-22

what does homozygous mean

when the same pair of alleles composes a trait

dihybrid cross

A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene

monohybrid cross

A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits

sex chromosomes

Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

simple mendelian genetics

Explored by comparing the expected phenotypic outcomes with the outcomes observed as a result of working on Punnett Squared involving: one gene (monohybrid), two genes (dihybrid) and three genes (tryhibrid)

x linked genes

Genes found on the X chromosome.

law of independent assortment

Mendel's second law, stating that allele pairs separate from one another during gamete formation

Law of Segregation

Mendelian law states that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis.

generation names

P: true breeding homozygous F1: first offspring from P gen. cross F2: self pollination of F1 generation

autosomal chromosomes

The other 44 chromosomes (22 pairs) that are not sex chromosomes

trihybrid cross

a cross involving three traits - AABBCC x aabbcc

epistasis

a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus

What is used to compare observed ratios for a given cross compare with predicted ratios

chi-square analysis (X2)

diploid

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

What number do chromosomes of somatic cells contain?

diploid (2n)

who is the founder of genetics

gregor mendel

haploid

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes (23)

lethal mutations

mutations that cause death, often before birth

Can dominant alleles be masked by recessive alleles?

no