Pre Work: Energy Drinks Module 1

Energy changes forms as it flows through ecosystems. Place the following energy types in order to describe their flow, starting with the source of all energy on Earth at the top.

1. Solar Energy 2. Chemical Energy 3. Mechanical Energy

Which of the following organelles converts chemical energy into ATP within cells? Chloroplast Mitochondria Ribosome Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

energy

The ability to do work or bring about change is called

Mechanical energy

The energy of movement

Solar energy

The source of energy for almost all life; comes from the sun

The Second Law of Thermodynamics describes how the conversion of energy from one form to another results in a gain of energy in the form of heat. no gain or loss of energy as energy transfer is 100% efficient. a loss of energy in the form of heat.

a loss of energy in the form of heat.

The energy of an ATP molecule is stored within the bonds between the ______ groups.

phosphate

In humans, the energy from food is converted into ________, the molecule that is used for all life processes.

ATP

When humans consume food, the energy that results from its breakdown is converted into a molecule called _____ that is used for all cellular activities. NADPH ATP RNA DNA

ATP

Which of the following energy nutrients provides energy to the body? Water Vitamins Carbohydrates Minerals

Carbohydrates

Chemical energy

Energy found in the bonds between atoms of a molecule

According to the _________- Law of Thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or transformed.

First

energy

In order to maintain their organization and carry out metabolic activities, organisms need a constant source of

Which of the following nutrients provide energy to the body? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. Water Minerals Vitamins Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids

Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids

Select all of the following components of a molecule of ATP. Multiple select question. Ribose sugar Adenine Three phosphate groups Two phosphate groups One of 20 different nitrogen-containing variable groups

Ribose sugar Adenine Three phosphate groups

Select the ultimate source of energy for all living things on Earth. Geothermal energy Mechanical energy Solar energy Chemical energy

Solar energy

Forms of energy that are important for life

Solar energy Mechanical energy Chemical energy

Which of the following best describes the structure of ATP? a. ATP molecules are composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine molecule, and three phosphate groups. Reason: This is correct. ATP molecules are composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine molecule, and three phosphate groups. b. ATP molecules are composed of a deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine group, and two phosphate groups. Reason: This is not correct. ATP molecules are composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine molecule, and three phosphate groups. c. ATP molecules are composed of a deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing variable group, and three phosphate groups. Reason: This is not correct. ATP molecules are composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine molecule, and three phosphate groups. d. ATP molecules are composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine molecule, a

a. ATP molecules are composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine molecule, and three phosphate groups.

Which of the following best describes the source of energy for nearly all life on Earth? a. Solar energy, or energy from the sun Reason: Solar energy from the sun is the source of nearly all energy on Earth. This is because the process of photosynthesis converts this energy into chemical energy, which is usable by organisms for life processes. b. Geothermal energy, or energy from the Earth's geological processes Reason: This is incorrect. Solar energy from the sun is the source of nearly all energy on Earth. This is because the process of photosynthesis converts this energy into chemical energy, which is usable by organisms for life processes. c. Chemical energy, or the energy stored in chemical bonds Reason: This is incorrect. Solar energy from the sun is the source of nearly all energy on Earth. This is because the process of photosynthesis converts this energy into chemical energy, which is usable by organisms fo

a. Solar energy, or energy from the sun

Which of the following best describes energy? Multiple choice question. a. The capacity or power to do work, or to transfer power elsewhere Reason: This is correct. Energy is defined as the capacity to do work, specifically to transfer energy to other forms. b. The ability to move objects or materials from one place to another Reason: This is incorrect. Energy includes the ability to move objects or materials; but more broadly speaking, energy is defined as the capacity to do work, specifically to transfer energy to other forms. c. The ability to store power in chemical structures Reason: This is incorrect. Energy can be stored in chemical bonds, but broadly speaking, energy is defined as the capacity to do work, specifically to transfer energy to other forms. d. The capacity to produce heat Reason: This is incorrect. Energy can be released as heat, but more broadly speaking, energy is defined as the capacity to do w

a. The capacity or power to do work, or to transfer power elsewhere

Which of the following characteristics are shared by all living things? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. a. The ability to convert solar energy into chemical energy Reason: This is incorrect. The ability to convert solar energy into chemical energy is called photosynthesis and not all living organisms can undergo photosynthesis. b. The ability to acquire energy Reason: This is correct. All living things have the ability to acquire and use energy. c. The ability to use energy for movement Reason: This is incorrect. While all organisms have the ability to acquire and use energy, they don't all use that energy for movement. d. The ability to use energy Reason: This is correct. All living things have the ability to acquire and use energy.

b. The ability to acquire energy d. The ability to use energy

Where do nutrients store their energy? a. Within the hydrogen atoms of the structure Reason: This is incorrect. Energy is stored within the chemical bonds of their molecular structure. b. Within the chemical bonds of their molecule structure Reason: This is correct. Energy is stored within the chemical bonds of their molecular structure. c. Within the carbon atoms of the structure Reason: This is incorrect. Energy is stored within the chemical bonds of their molecular structure. d. Within the nuclei of their atoms Reason: This is incorrect. Energy is stored within the chemical bonds of their molecular structure.

b. Within the chemical bonds of their molecule structure

Animals obtain chemical energy from a. the sun. Reason: This is incorrect. Animals are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain chemical energy from the food they eat. b. the foods they eat. Reason: This is correct. Animals are heterotrophs, meaning they obtain chemical energy from the foods they eat. c. the air they breathe. Reason: This is incorrect. Animals are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain chemical energy from the foods they eat. d. passively absorbing it from their surroundings. Reason: This is incorrect. Animals are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain chemical energy from the foods they eat.

b. the foods they eat

Animals require a source of outside food to obtain the _____ needed for their life processes. a. RNA Reason: That is incorrect. Animals have their own RNA already. Animals need a source of chemical energy, which they obtain from consuming food. b. DNA Reason: That is incorrect. Animals have their own DNA already. Animals need a source of chemical energy, which they obtain from consuming food. c. chemical energy Reason: That is correct. Animals need a source of chemical energy, which they obtain from consuming food. d. solar energy Reason: That is incorrect. Solar energy is energy from the sun. Animals need a source of chemical energy, which they obtain from consuming food.

c. chemical energy

ATP molecules are able to store and transport ____________energy in the bonds between the phosphate groups.

chemical

The bonds within the atoms of a molecule store _________ energy, which can be released when an organism needs energy for life processes.

chemical

The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into ______________ energy, which is the energy form that is usable by organisms for life processes.

chemical

The energy contained within the glucose bonds found in some food molecules is called

chemical energy

Solar energy is converted into chemical energy by organelles called __________ within plant cells.

chloroplasts

Which of the following statements best describes ATP? Multiple choice question. a. When ADP + P becomes ATP, the amount of energy released is enough for a biological purpose. b. ADP is extremely high in potential energy. c. ATP is formed when energy is released during photosynthesis. d. ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and three phosphate groups.

d. ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and three phosphate groups.

Which of the following describes the First Law of Thermodynamics? a. Describes how energy cannot be converted from one form to another b. States that energy can be both created and destroye c. Describes how entropy increases in systems over time d. States that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted between forms

d. States that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted between forms

Where do nutrients store their energy? Multiple choice question. a. Within the nuclei of their atoms Reason: This is incorrect. Energy is stored within the chemical bonds of their molecular structure. b. Within the carbon atoms of the structure Reason: This is incorrect. Energy is stored within the chemical bonds of their molecular structure. c. Within the hydrogen atoms of the structure Reason: This is incorrect. Energy is stored within the chemical bonds of their molecular structure. d. Within the chemical bonds of their molecule structure Reason: This is correct. Energy is stored within the chemical bonds of their molecular structure.

d. Within the chemical bonds of their molecule structure

When the bonds within a chemical molecule are broken _____ is released, which fuels life processes. energy heat entropy solar energy

energy

When the bonds within a chemical molecule are broken _____ is released, which fuels life processes. entropy heat solar energy energy

energy

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the entropy of a system __ over time. stays the same increases fluctuates up and down decreases

increases

The process of photosynthesis converts _____________ energy, which is the source of all energy on Earth, into chemical energy, which is usable by organisms for life processes.

solar

solar energy

solar energy The ultimate source of energy for living things is

Within an ecosystem, _____ is converted into _____, which is then converted into _____. solar energy; chemical energy; mechanical energy solar energy; mechanical energy; chemical energy chemical energy; mechanical energy; solar energy mechanical energy; solar energy; chemical energy

solar energy; chemical energy; mechanical energy