Pregnancy

During pregnancy

*a woman's respiratory rate and tidal volume increase. *maternal blood volume increases. *maternal nutrient requirements increase. *a woman's glomerular filtration rate increases.

Implantation of a blastocyst occurs around day

6-7

Pelvic ligaments and joints are loosened during pregnancy by the hormone relaxin. The pregnant woman may then:

A waddling gate

Oestrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining and prepare the mammary glands to secrete milk. Which of the following structures makes this possible during the first three months of pregnancy?

Corpus luteum

What is the major cause of a decrease in residual volume in a pregnant woman?

Elevation of the diaphragm

An anatomical change in pregnant women called Chadwick's sign, shows as:

a purplish hue / colour to the vagina and cervix.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone is able to be detected in blood and urine

after pre-embryo implantation

Teratogens that may cause severe congenital abnormalities or even foetal death include:

alcohol

During pregnancy, a woman has increased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and activated vitamin D. These metabolic changes contribute to:

maintenance of a positive calcium balance.

The end products of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in a female is the release of:

oestrogen and progesterone

The corpus luteum is formed at the site of:

ovulation

Hormones concerned with the events of lactation include

oxytocin and prolactin

A pregnant woman urinates more often than usual because

the uterus compresses the bladder, and she must also dispose of foetal metabolic wastes

The usual site of embryo implantation is the:

uterus

The correct sequence of pre-embryonic structures is

zygote, morula, blastocyst

Fertilisation usually occurs in the:

fallopian

What structure of the female duct system draws in an ovulated oocyte?

fimbriae

The hormone used to test for pregnancy is:

human chorionic gonadotropin

A pregnant woman is able to metabolise more fatty acids which exerts a glucose-sparing effect. The hormone that works with oestrogen and progesterone to cause this metabolic effect is:

human placental lactogen (hPL).

A typical weight gain during pregnancy is approximately:

13kg

The time taken for sperm to complete capacitation is:

2-10

The hormone which prevents a second pregnancy during gestation is:

Inhibin

The growth of the foetus during the last few months of pregnancy, changes the woman's centre of gravity, and can commonly cause:

Lordosis and backaches

Select the correct statement about fertilisation

Millions of sperm are destroyed by the vagina's acidic environment.

During the embryonic stage of pregnancy, progesterone and oestrogen are secreted by the:

corpus luteum

Implantation involves

embedding of the blastocyst in the uterine wall