Premature and Small for date infants

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)

damage to the white matter of the brain closest to the ventricles due to low O2 or blood flow

feeding skills are affected by (5 things)

decreased flexor and proximal muscle tone, decreased buccal fat pads, limited tongue mobility, limited endurance and low state of arousal

brachycardia

decreased heart rate 80-100 BPM

very low birth weight

1000-1500 g or 3 1/3 lbs

low birth weight

1500-2500 g or 5.5 lbs

PVL can lead to conditions such as

CP

grade IV can lead to PVL

IVH

indomethacin soon after birth significantly reduces risk of

IVH incidence

infection around time of delivery may play a role in

PVL

state signs of stress

gaze aversion and panic look

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

abnormal chest x-ray due to lung injury

postconceptual age

age in relation to conception, count until about 40 weeks

chronological age

age since birth

signs of stress

autonomic, motor, state and attention/interaction

Level 1

basic nursery for normal deliveries and expected normal development/can provide resuscitation

therapeutic handling supports (6 things)

calming, slow gentle movements, downward gaze, flexion, occupations and hands near mouth

autonomic signs of stress

color, tremors, vital signs and startled

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia prevention/treatment

corticosteriod therapy/supplemental O2 after 36 weeks corrected gestational age

Hyaline membrane disease (respiratory distress syndrome)

decreased production of surfactant, peak severity 24-48 hours after birth

motor signs of stress

finger splaying and change in muscle tone

PDA can lead to

hypoxia and heart failure

gastroesophageal reflux

immaturity of gastric sphincter, may cause aspriation

6 premature infant characteristics

lanugo (fine body hair), reddish skin color, decreased muscle tone, lack of skin creases, ear cartilage and breast buds

extremely low birth weight

less than 1000 g or 2 1/4 lbs

ultra low birth weight

less than 750 g or 1 1/4 lbs

necrotizing enterocolitis

life threatening injury to portion of bowel wall due to lack of blood supply

PDA treatment

medication or surgery

feeding (look at 7 things)

non-nutritive and nutritive sucking, cue based feeding, reflexes, muscle tone, tongue configuration, coordination of suck, swallow, breath and jaw

Level 4 (NICU)

offer rescue technologies, on-site surgical repair for congenital or acquired malformations, transport systems and outreach education

PVL is more common in _____ than _____ infants

preterm infants than full term infants

apnea

respiratory pause for 15-20 seconds

Level 2 (immature babies, ie. jaundice, tube feedings)

specialty nursery for 32 weeks gestation or less and weights less than 1500 g/provide continuous airway pressure and mechanical ventilation for brief periods

9 goals of OT with premature infants

state organization, parent-infant interaction, self-regulation, oral motor, visual and auditory, orthopedic, postural alignment, musculoskeletal and consultation

Level 3 (NICU)

sub-specialty nursery able to provide continuous life support to high risk and critically ill infants/can provide surgical care

5 commom causes of premature birth

substance abuse, maternal infections, high number of pregnancies, low SES and assisted reproductive techniques

treatment for Hyaline membrane disease

supplemental O2

gestational age

total number of weeks in uteru

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) diagnosed by

ultrasound of head, description based on bleeding location

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

usually between 2-5 months, place on back to sleep, may need monitor for apnea

patent ductlus arteriosus (PDA)

vessel diverting blood flow from lungs doesn't close which causes decreased oxygenation

large for gestational age

weight is above the 90th percentile

small for gestational age

weight is less than 10th percentile

appropriate for gestational age

weight within the 10-90th percentile

corrected age

where they should be at developmentally, calculated till age 2

necrotizing enterocolitis treatment

withhold feedings, suction to decrease pressure on wall, antibiotics, IV fluid and nutrition or surgery


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