Prep for Exam 5

______ control includes exercising effective control over attention and interfering thoughts. Multiple choice question. Physical Cognitive Psychological Emotional

Cognitive

True or false: Scientists have found that adolescents' brains undergo minimal structural changes. True false question.

False

Anna sleeps about 5 hours every weeknight and tries to make up for it by sleeping about 10 hours each night of the weekend. According to the results of experimental research, which of the following is likely to be negatively affected by her sleeping pattern? Multiple choice question. Her sustained attention Her ability to make friends Her susceptibility to infection Her physical strength

Her sustained attention

______ students were twice as likely as their peers to cite economic reasons for dropping out of school. Multiple choice question. Latino African American Reason: The demographic in question is Latino students, not African-American students. Asian American Non-Latino White

Latino

Which of the following statements about adolescent mothers is accurate? Multiple choice question. They usually do not have more children. They interact less effectively with with their infants than adult mothers. They are more likely to play with their infants than adult mothers. They never do well in school.

They interact less effectively with their infants than adult mothers.

True or false: The brain has plasticity, and its development depends on context. True false question. True False

True

rue or false: In the United States, the media is a main source of sexuality information for adolescents. True false question. True False

True

Hormones are carried through the body ______. Multiple choice question. through digestion by muscle contractions through oxygen by the bloodstream

by the bloodstream

In the United States, the average age of menarche has ______ since the mid-nineteenth century. Multiple choice question. declined significantly declined slightly increased slightly increased significantly

declined significantly

What are some factors that can affect the timing of puberty? Multiple select question. sexual orientation family conflict low socioeconomic status maternal harshness

family conflict low socioeconomic status maternal harshness

Jimmy is fifteen years old and is exhibiting an increasing ability to reason logically and make abstract propositions. Jimmy is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? Multiple choice question. concrete operational stage formal operational stage preoperational stage post-formal operational stage

formal operational stage

The ______ of family dinners can influence an adolescent's likelihood of having substance abuse problems. Multiple choice question. quality frequency content size

frequency

An adolescent's sexual identity involves all of the following EXCEPT Multiple choice question. activities and interests. an indication of sexual orientation. genetic makeup. styles of behavior.

genetic makeup

A person's identity is composed of all of the following EXCEPT their Multiple choice question. body image. political views. spiritual beliefs. genetic profile.

genetic profile

A positive caring adult can provide what for a developing adolescent? Multiple select question. role model ruler confidant advocate

role model confidant advocate

In about half of motor vehicle fatalities involving adolescents, the driver is Multiple choice question. texting while driving. under the influence of alcohol. engaging in risky activities such as racing. talking on the phone while driving.

under the influence of alcohol

Who tends to have a more negative body image? Multiple choice question. young adolescent girls girls in late adolescence young adolescent boys boys in late adolescence

young adolescent girls

The prefrontal cortex does not finish maturing until approximately ______ years of age. Multiple choice question. 26 to 32 7 to 12 13 to 17 18 to 25

18 to 25

What were the findings of a New Zealand study that assessed individuals' self-esteem during adolescence and their adjustment in adulthood (at age 26)? Multiple choice question. Adolescents with high self-esteem were less resilient in adulthood. Adolescents with low-self esteem experienced adjustment difficulties in adulthood. There was no association between self-esteem in adolescence and adults' adjustment and functioning at age 26. Adolescents with high self-esteem fared the worse in adulthood.

Adolescents with low self-esteem experienced adjustment difficulties in adulthood.

In terms of the timing of puberty, how do children in the United States compare with children in European countries? Multiple choice question. Children in the United States mature up to one year earlier than children in European countries. Children in European countries mature up to three years earlier than children in the United States. Children in European countries mature up to one year earlier than children in the United States. Children in the United States mature up to three years earlier than children in European countries.

Children in the United States mature up to one year earlier than children in European countries.

True or false: Puberty and adolescence are the same thing. True False

False

Which of the following best explains the changes that occur during puberty? Multiple choice question. The changes are too complex to be explained. The hormones and behaviors that lead to puberty must be nurtured. There is a basic genetic program that controls puberty. Puberty is activated by moods.

There is a basic genetic program that control puberty.

People who begin abusing substances in ______ have a greater risk for addiction. Multiple choice question. emerging adulthood Reason: The best answer is actually an earlier developmental period. late adulthood childhood and adolescence middle adulthood

childhood and adolescence

In the United States, the average age of menarche has ______ since the mid-nineteenth century. Multiple choice question. increased significantly increased slightly declined significantly declined slightly

declined significantly

Which of the following statuses describes an individual who has made a commitment without experiencing a crisis? Multiple choice question. identity foreclosure identity achievement identity diffusion Reason: In identity diffusion, there is no commitment and no crisis. identity moratorium

identity foreclosure

Executive function and cognitive control are terms that are Multiple choice question. identical. unrelated. synonyms. antonyms.

synonyms

In schools that have instituted later start times, all of the following have increased for high school students EXCEPT student Multiple choice question. alertness. test scores. mood. tardiness.

tardiness

Which hormone is associated with the development of genitals, an increase in height, and a change in voice in boys? Multiple choice question. testosterone pitocin estrogen estradiol

testosterone

What part of the limbic system of the brain is most involved in emotions? Multiple choice question. the amygdala the brain stem the corpus callosum the cerebral cortex

the amygdala

Pubertal changes in boys and girls are caused by a flood of hormones which are discharged by ______. Multiple choice question. the liver the skin the endocrine glands the exocrine glands

the endocrine glands

In which of the following U.S. populations is HIV transmission of particular concern? Multiple choice question. 16- to 24-year-old females 45- to 60-year-old males 13- to 24-year-old gay or bisexual males 30- to 45-year-old gays and lesbians

13 to 24 year old gay or bisexual males

According to a national survey of youth, ______ percent of adolescents get eight or more hours of sleep on an average school night. Multiple choice question. 25 15 35 50

25

In a U.S. national survey, ______ percent of ninth graders reported having experienced sexual intercourse. Multiple choice question. 30 20 10 40

30

In what percentage of motor vehicle fatalities involving adolescents was the driver under the influence of alcohol? Multiple choice question. 50 percent 5 percent 80 percent 25 percent

50 percent

In 2015, about ______ percent of 16- to -24-year-olds dropped out of school. Multiple choice question. 12 3 24 6

6

Regarding gender differences in body image during adolescence, which statement is FALSE? Multiple choice question. Adolescent boys tend to become more dissatisfied as puberty proceeds, whereas girls become more satisfied with their bodies. Girls may suffer a more negative body image than boys due to media portrayals of the attractiveness of being thin. Throughout puberty, girls have a more negative body image than boys. Both males and females tend to develop a more positive body image towards the end of adolescence.

Adolescent boys tend to become more dissatisfied as puberty proceeds, whereas girls become more satisfied with their bodies.

Adolescents from which ethnic group would be most likely to delay engaging in sexual behaviors? Multiple choice question. non-Latino Whites Asian Americans African Americans Latinos

Asian Americans

In terms of the timing of puberty, how do children in the United States compare with children in European countries? Multiple choice question. Children in European countries mature up to one year earlier than children in the United States. Children in European countries mature up to three years earlier than children in the United States. Children in the United States mature up to three years earlier than children in European countries. Children in the United States mature up to one year earlier than children in European countries.

Children in the United States mature up to one year earlier than children in European countries

Which of the following is true of brain development in adolescence? Multiple choice question. Synaptic pruning has yet to occur. Connectivity between distant brain regions increases. Connections between brain regions is extremely limited. Focal activation within specific regions begins to emerge.

Connectivity between distant brain regions increases

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the first several years after a girl first starts her period? Multiple choice question. She may not ovulate until a year or two after menstruation begins. Her menstrual cycles are regular at first and gradually become irregular. Her menstrual cycles may be highly irregular. She may not ovulate every menstrual cycle.

Her menstrual cycles are regular at first and gradually become irregular.

Anna sleeps about 5 hours every weeknight and tries to make up for it by sleeping about 10 hours each night of the weekend. According to the results of experimental r

Her sustained attention

Which of the following are Marcia's four statuses of identity? Multiple select question. identity diffusion identity confused identity alienation identity foreclosure identity moratorium identity achievement

Identity diffusion identity foreclosure identity moratorium identity achievement

Which of the following is an accurate statement about e-cigarette use among adolescents? Multiple choice question. E-cigarette use among adolescents is minimal. It has a gateway effect to future marijuana use. It is significantly healthier than regular cigarette smoking. E-cigarette users will never smoke combustible cigarettes.

It has a gateway effect to future marijuana use.

Which of the following is true of sexting? Multiple choice question. It only occurs between members of certain socioeconomic groups. It has been outlawed. It has become increasingly common among adolescents. It is not common among adolescents.

It has become increasingly common among adolescents

A brain-neuroendocrine process occurring primarily in early adolescence that provides stimulation for rapid physical changes is referred to as _______

Puberty

Which of the following statements is true about adolescent alcohol use? Multiple choice question. Females are more likely than males to engage in binge drinking. Binge drinking among teenagers is on the rise. Almost no high school seniors polled have been in a vehicle with a drugged or drinking driver. Sizable declines in adolescent alcohol use have occurred in recent years.

Sizable declines in adolescent alcohol use have occurred in recent years.

Which of the following statements about adolescent idealism is FALSE? Multiple choice question. Teens often compare themselves with others in regard to ideal standards. Teens reinterpret their childhood through the lens of idealism. Teens often indulge in fantasies about the future. Teens engage in extended speculation about ideal characteristics.

Teens reinterpret their childhood through the lens of idealism.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding adolescent sexuality? Multiple choice question. Teens think about whether they are sexually attractive, how to engage in sex, and what the future holds for their sexual lives. There is a latency period during which teens set aside thoughts of sexuality. Teens have an almost insatiable curiosity about sexuality. Most teens experience times of vulnerability and confusion.

There is a latency period during which teens set aside thoughts of sexuality

What determines identity diffusion? Multiple choice question. presence of a crisis but not of a commitment presence of both a crisis and a commitment absence of both crisis and commitment absence of a crisis with the presence of commitment

absence of both crisis and commitment

Identity ______ refers to an individual who experienced a crisis and made a commitment. Multiple choice question. foreclosure moratorium diffusion achievement

achievement

According to Erikson, at what point does identity become a key dimension in individuals' lives? Multiple choice question. adolescence middle adulthood young childhood late adulthood

adolescence

Early educational achievement ______ the likelihood that adolescents would develop drug problems. Multiple choice question. considerably reduced had no effect on eliminated slightly reduced

considerably reduced

Which of the following refers to psychological processes involving conscious control driven by logical thinking and critical analysis? Multiple choice question. deep critical thinking cool executive function hot executive function mindful critical thinking

cool executive function

The large bundle of axon fibers that connects the brain's left and right hemispheres is called the Multiple choice question. amygdala. pons. corpus callosum. hemispheric pathway.

corpus callosum

According to James Marcia, identity status is based on Multiple choice question. moratorium and exploration. commitment and moratorium. crisis and moratorium. crisis and commitment.

crisis and commitment

Adolescent mothers are more likely to be _______ than their peers are. Multiple choice question. high school graduates depressed employed financially secure

depressed

Identity ______ refers to the state in which individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis and have not made a commitment.

diffusion

Educational success has a protective role in reducing adolescents' Multiple choice question. behavioral problems. social stagnation. drug use. social media use.

drug use

The amygdala matures ______ the prefrontal cortex. Multiple choice question. at the same rate as later than earlier than more fully than

earlier than

In sixth grade, _____ girls show greater satisfaction with their figures than _____ girls. Multiple choice question. late-maturing; typically developing early maturing; late-maturing late-maturing; early maturing early maturing; typically developing

early maturing; late-maturing

A recent study of Korean adolescent girls showed that ______ was linked with earlier initiation of sexual intercourse. Multiple choice question. difficulty with menarche late menarche early menarche

early menarche

Adolescent __________ is a word that describes the heightened self-consciousness of adolescents. Correct Answer

egocentrism

Which hormone is associated with breast, uterine, and skeletal development in girls? Multiple choice question. testosterone estradiol estesterone thyroid

estradiol

What term is used to describe the most important cognitive change in adolescence involving cognitive control, making decisions, and thinking critically? Multiple choice question. formal cognitions executive cognitions operational cognitive process executive functioning

executive functioning

Most researchers use ______ to refer to the period of identity development during which an adolescent chooses among meaningful alternatives Multiple choice question. diffusion commitment Reason: Commitment refers to a personal investment in what an individual is going to do, not a period of identity development during which an adolescent chooses among meaningful alternatives. moratorium exploration

exploration

According to the dual cycle identity model, the formation cycle of identity development includes which of the following? Multiple select question. exploration in breadth identification with commitment exploration in depth reconsideration of commitments

exploration in breadth identification with commitment

High school dropout rates have increased in the twenty-first century. True false question.

false

Late maturation for boys is Multiple choice question. connected to a host of unfavorable outcomes. related to positive body image in adolescence. favorable for eventual career development and achievement. linked to risky behavior.

favorable for eventual career development and achievement.

Of the following, whose body images is most likely to be negatively affected by social media use? Multiple choice question. female adult male child female adolescent male emerging adult

female adolescent

From 1991 to 2017, which of the following trends occurred among American adolescents? Multiple choice question. adolescents were more emotionally prepared to have sexual activity than in years past the number of adolescents who reported that they were currently sexually active increased more adolescents under the age of 13 were having intercourse fewer adolescents reported ever having had sexual intercourse

fewer adolescents reported ever having had sexual intercourse

According to Piaget, what is the fourth and final stage of cognitive development? Multiple choice question. concrete operational stage concrete abstraction stage formal abstract stage formal operational stage

formal operational stage

Psychological processes driven by emotion are referred to as ___ executive function.

hot

Which of the following is an example of adolescents' tendency to think more logically during the formal operational stage? Multiple choice question. hypothetical-deductive reasoning personal fable idealistic predictions adolescent egocentrism

hypothetical deductive reasoning

Adolescent thinking is full of Multiple choice question. pessimism. practicality. realism. idealism.

idealism

Erikson was the first theorist to understand how central questions about ______ are to understanding adolescent development. Multiple choice question. attachment sexuality identity security

identity

Religious beliefs, political views, relationship status, personality, and sexual orientation are components of Multiple choice question. culture. self-esteem. heredity. identity.

identity

Thirteen-year-old Jake walks into the classroom and is convinced that all eyes are on him and that everyone has noticed his mismatched sneakers. What is this an example of? Multiple choice question. imaginary audience adolescent identity personal fable dramatic interpretation

imaginary audience

In adolescence, ______ is/are especially prevalent across distant brain regions. Multiple choice question. decreased focal activation increased brain networks increased size decreased dopamine production

increased brain networks

Which of the following characterize sexuality in adolescence? (Choose every correct answer.)Which of the following characterize sexuality in adolescence? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. indifferent insatiably curious vulnerable and confused exploratory

insatiably curious vulnerable and confused exploratory

According to contemporary identity theory, identity development Multiple choice question. is a relatively short process. happens neatly. is accomplished in bits and pieces. is usually cataclysmic.

is accomplished in bits and pieces

Which of the following groups shows more satisfaction with their figures once they reach tenth grade? Multiple choice question. late-maturing girls late-maturing boys typically developing girls early maturing girls

late-maturing girls

What are the two major things that adolescents need to effectively navigate the teenage years and become a successful adult? Multiple select question. longterm support from adults who care about them rigorous exercise on a daily basis religious faith or spirituality access to opportunity

longterm support from adults who care about them access to opportunity

Infants born to to adolescent mothers are more likely to have Multiple choice question. fewer neurological problems. higher achievement scores in school. fewer illnesses. lower birth weights.

lower birth weights

What illicit drug is most widely used in the United States? Multiple choice question. cocaine ecstasy tranquilizers marijuana

marijuana

A girl's first menstruation is called Multiple choice question. menarche. puberty. menstrual cycle. ovulation.

menarche

According to contemporary identity theorists, decisions ______ during the process of identity development. Multiple choice question. cannot be delayed are made once and for all must be avoided must be made again and again

must be made again and again

Of the new STI infections that occur in the United States each year, 15- to 24-year-olds account for Multiple choice question. one-quarter. about 10 percent. two-thirds. nearly 50 percent.

nearly 50 percent

According to the study on sleep by Carskadon, early school start times are likely to be more stressful for Multiple choice question. younger adolescents. preschoolers. elementary school children. older adolescents.

older adolescents

Aaron says that no one understands him, especially his parents. He feels that he is going through unique situations to which no one can relate. This is an example of Multiple choice question. prosocial behavior. personal fable. antisocial adolescence. imaginary audience.

personal fable

Although adolescents are capable of very strong emotions, their ______ hasn't adequately developed to the point at which they can control these passions. Multiple choice question. prefrontal cortex amygdala corpus callosum brainstem

prefrontal cortex

An increasing number of research studies suggest that adolescents tend to portray themselves as vulnerable (sometimes exaggeratedly so) to Multiple choice question. premature death. disfiguring accidents. teen pregnancy. contraction of STIs.

premature death

What defines identity moratorium? Multiple choice question. absence of both a crisis and a commitment presence of both a crisis and a commitment absence of a crisis with a commitment present presence of a crisis but not of a commitment

presence of a crisis but not of a commitment

Savannah's breasts have begun to enlarge and pubic hair has appeared. She has begun going through a period of rapid physical maturation called Multiple choice question. sexuality. menarche. puberty. post-adolescence.

puberty

What type of reasons do students give 50 percent of the time for dropping out of school? Multiple choice question. early college entrance personal reasons school-related reasons job-related reasons

school-related reasons

The global evaluation we make of ourselves is called Multiple choice question. self-parody. self-esteem. self-awareness. self-concept.

self esteem

Brain linkages related to which of the following would be the first to mature? Multiple choice question. self-control reasoning sensation-seeking planning

sensation-seeking

According to some research, ______ factors were better predictors of young adolescent girls' depression and anger than hormonal factors. Multiple choice question. cognitive physical social ethnic

social

Developmental social neuroscience involves connections between development, the brain and ______ processes. Multiple choice question. socioemotional biological environmental organic

socioemotional

Which of the following can activate or suppress the hormonal system? Multiple select question. stress depression travel sexual activity

stress depression sexual activity

Which type of parenting is most associated with a lower level of risky sexual behavior by adolescents? Multiple choice question. disciplinarian supportive permissive authoritarian

supportive