Prep U DM Exam 2

A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been instructed about managing his condition with diet. The nurse determines further teaching is necessary when the client states:

"I must avoid all candies and cookies, but can eat unlimited amounts of pasta and breads."

A nurse educator is conducting a course for newly diagnosed diabetes clients. Which statement by a participant should the nurse follow up first?

"I've had a little sore on the sole of my foot for a few days, but I'm sure it will eventually heal."

A 3-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes. Her parents are currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse. How can the nurse best explain to the parents the etiology (cause) of their daughter's diabetes?

"The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that produce insulin."

The nurse is reviewing assessment data and determines which client is at highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes?

A 45-year-old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle

A nurse is evaluating clients for the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which client has the highest risk for developing this metabolic disorder?

A middle aged obese adult with a sedentary lifestyle

The nurse and nursing student are caring for a client undergoing a severe stressor with release of epinephrine into the bloodstream. The nurse teaches the student that epinephrine will cause which effect on blood glucose levels?

Blood glucose will elevate.

The diabetes nurse educator is teaching a community education class for new diabetics. Which of these does the nurse include in the discussion of signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia? Select all that apply.

Blurred vision Weight loss Thirst

When caring for the client with diabetic ketoacidosis, the nurse recognizes that fatty acids and ketones may be used for energy by most organs. Which organ does the nurse recognize is reliant on glucose as the major energy source?

Brain

A 40-year-old man who is morbidly obese and leads a sedentary lifestyle has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which aspects of the man's obesity likely contributed to his new health problem?

Free fatty acids contribute to problems such as beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.

A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes about the importance of blood glucose control to decrease the risk of which potential chronic complications of diabetes? Select all that apply.

Gastroparesis

Type 1A diabetes is now considered an autoimmune disorder. What factors are considered necessary for type 1A diabetes to occur?

Genetic predisposition, environmental triggering event, and a T-lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity reaction against some beta-cell antigen

During periods of fasting and starvation, the glucocorticoid and other corticosteroid hormones are critical for survival because of their stimulation of gluconeogenesis by the liver. When the glucocorticoid hormones remain elevated for extended periods of time, what can occur?

Hyperglycemia

The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes would be confirmed by which principle?

Insulin is not available for use by the body.

A client with severe hypoglycemia is unconscious. Which method of providing glucose should be avoided?

Orange juice orally

What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus?

Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia

The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. The client asks, "Why will I get headache, disturbed behavior, coma, and seizures if it's my pancreas that's impaired?" Which response is the best explanation?

The brain relies on blood glucose as its main energy source.

A client is managing diabetes with exercise and diet. The health care provider reviews the client's most recent laboratory results: fasting blood glucose level at 80 mg/dL (4.44 mmol/L) and a hemoglobin A1C of 5% (0.05). Select the response that best identifies the client.

The client is achieving normal glycemic control.

A client is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting blood sugar level (FBS) of 80 mg/dL (4.44 mmol/L) and a hemoglobin A1C of 5% (.05). Based on these findings, which of the following can the nurse assume?

The client is achieving normal glycemic control.

A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus wishes to stop taking insulin injections. What option is appropriate?

Using an insulin infusion pump

The obstetrical nurse is caring for a client who has been treated for gestational diabetes. When teaching the client about the causes of gestational diabetes, the nurse should include which risk factor in the teaching?

Woman with a family history of diabetes

The nurse has just completed teaching a client, newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, about the treatment options. Which response by the client leads the nurse to conclude that addidtional teaching is needed?

"So I can stop my insulin if I start an exercise program."

Which criterion about insulin would prompt a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?

Complete failure of insulin secretion

A client tells the health care provider that he has been very compliant over the last 2 months in the management of his diabetes. The best diagnostic indicator that would support the client's response would be:

Glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C)

A man is brought into the emergency department by paramedics who state that the client passed out on the street. The man smells of alcohol, and when roused says he has not eaten since yesterday. He is wearing a medic alert bracelet that says he is a diabetic. What would the nurse suspect as a diagnosis?

Hypoglycemia

A woman in her 28th week of pregnancy tests positive for gestational diabetes mellitus and begins to follow a nutritional plan at home. What result at the follow-up visit indicates a successful outcome?

Random blood glucose 85 mg/dL (4.72 mmol/L)