prepU: 1 & 2

contraindication for the use of certain medications.

A client develops a skin reaction to one of their prescribed medications. This client also has a specific underlying pathology. This underlying pathology might serve as a:

Processing and packaging of hormones for excretion

A client has a congenital disorder that disrupts of the function of the Golgi apparatus within cells. This disorder would affect what aspect of cellular metabolism?

The drug will interact directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site.

A client has been prescribed a medication that is known to be a drug agonist. What effect will this drug have?

C-V

A nurse is preparing to administer a cough syrup containing codeine to a client. The nurse understands that this drug would be classified as which schedule of a controlled substance?

"I am going to document that you refused the medication."

As a nurse about to administer a medication tells the patient about the ordered drug, the patient states, "I am not going to take that medication." What is the nurse's best response?

therapeutic uses

Drugs are classified according to what features?

preclinical trial

During which stage of drug development is the drug tested on laboratory animals?

Lortab and Tylenol with Codeine.

Examples of schedule 3 drugs include:

9 hours after the original dose

Fluoxitine is given to a client at a dosage of 500 mg every 6 hours. Assuming that the half-life of this drug is 3 hours, at what point would the drug level in the body be 62.5 mg of the original dose?

osmosis.

In considering the movement of substance across the cell membrane, the process that is regulated by the concentration of nondiffusible particles on either side of a semipermeable membrane is known as:

Be registered with the DEA. Provide for secure storage of controlled substances. Keep accurate records of all transactions.

People and companies that are legally empowered to handle controlled substances must follow what procedures? (Select all that apply.)

cellular biochemical reactions and functions.

Pharmacodynamics involves drug actions on target cells and results in alterations in:

schedule II

The care provider has prescribed intravenous hydromorphone, an opioid, for a client using client-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. The nurse is aware that this drug has a high abuse potential. Under what category would hydromorphone be classified?

Reacts with specific chemicals outside the cell to stimulate a reaction within a cell

The cell membrane has embedded within it a series of peripheral proteins that function in several ways. One of these proteins is known as a receptor site. What does this protein do?

Only licensed nurses are allowed to access schedule drugs.

The nurse administering medications knows that controlled substances must be managed carefully. Which of the following accurately describes the procedure for managing these drugs?

a decrease in urine output

The nurse is caring for a client receiving an aminoglycoside (antibiotic) that can be nephrotoxic. Which will alert the nurse that the client may be experiencing nephrotoxicity?

The effectiveness of both drugs will be altered

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving Gentamycin, 250 mg, and Diflucan, 500 mg at the same time. What effect should the nurse anticipate if these two drugs compete with each other for protein binding sites?

-increased drug half-life -increased chance of drug toxicity

The nurse is caring for a client with renal disease and knows that this client will have the potential for which difficulties related to drug excretion? (Select all that apply.)

Schedule III

The nurse is caring for a patient who admits to having taken anabolic steroids to enhance his cycling ability. What schedule medication was this patient abusing?

Low birth weight Fetal alcohol syndrome

The nurse is counseling a group of women of childbearing age. Which risks of consuming alcohol during pregnancy should the nurse share? Select all that apply.

Foods high in tyramine

The nurse is educating the patient about potential negative effects with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). What type of foods should the nurse inform the patient to avoid?

Excretion is likely to take place slowly.

The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a client with a history of renal disease. Why should the nurse anticipate administering a lower dose than for a client with healthy kidneys?

DNA is found on long strains called chromatin.

The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a genetic disorder. What characteristic of the cell nucleus should the nurse recognize?

The client is compelled to take the medication for a pleasurable experience

The nurse shares with a client that some controlled substances can lead to psychological dependency, and would cause which signs or symptoms?

True

Urine acidity can play an important role in drug excretion.

The nurse needs to monitor for signs of decreased drug effects.

What action by the nurse can assist in detecting changes in drug absorption caused by drug interactions?

Women and minorities must be included in drug research studies.

What does the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act stipulate?

Drugs that must be prescribed by a licensed physician

What is designated by the Durham-Humphrey Amendment?

"The generic name is the official name given by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration."

When asked by a client about the generic name of a drug, what is the nurse's best response?

primarily responsible for maintaining cellular integrity.

When explaining the structure and function of the cell membrane to a client, the nurse should describe it as being:

Ask the patient to state her name. Check the patient's arm band while she states her name. Check the patient's order for the correct dose and drug three times.

a nurse walks into a hospital room to administer medication to a 37-year-old female patient. What steps should the nurse perform prior to handing the patient the medication? Select all that apply.

Prepare hormones or other substances for secretion producing excretory granules.

the Golgi complex, or Golgi apparatus, consists of stacks of thin, flattened vesicles or sacs within the cell. These Golgi apparatus are found near the nucleus and function in association with the ER. What is one purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

"After taking this medication for a while, your mind, not your body, will desire the effect of this medication."

A client has been prescribed a medication that has the potential to cause psychological dependency. How will the nurse best explain this possible situation to the client?

Safety measures

A client is experiencing central nervous system effects related to drug therapy. Which would be most important for the nurse to emphasize in the teaching plan?

36 hours

A client is taking Ropinerol XR 2 mg. The drug has a half-life of 12 hours. How long will it be before only 0.25 mg of this drug is remaining in the client's system?

first-pass effect

A client is taking low-dose aspirin daily for her heart. The client is not receiving all the dosage of the aspirin that is being ingested because of:

Collect information about the new medication.

A client with an upper respiratory tract infection has been prescribed an antibiotic that the nurse is not familiar with. What should the nurse caring for the client do if not familiar with the new medication?

ferrous sulfate (iron)

A group of students are reviewing information about the natural sources of drugs. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which as a drug derived from inorganic compounds?

Ask the oncoming and outgoing nurse to count the number of remaining drugs.

A licensed nurse in a long-term care facility is in charge of the narcotics cabinet. Which of the following must the nurse ensure when going off duty?

Controlled substances

A nurse at the healthcare center receives a prescription for a particular drug. The nurse checks if the prescription is written in ink, includes the name and address of the patient, the name of the drug enforcement agency, as well as the number of the primary healthcare provider. Which of the following drug categories does the drug belong to?

first-pass effect.

A nurse has been administering a drug to a client intramuscularly (IM). The physician discontinued the IM dose and wrote an order for the drug to be given orally. The nurse notices that the oral dosage is considerably higher than the parenteral dose and understands that this due to:

M phase

A nurse in a laboratory class is watching a cell actively divide under a microscope. What stage of cell division is the nurse observing?

The process of pharmacokinetics

A nurse is administering digoxin to a client. To administer medications so that the drug is as effective as possible, the nurse should prioritize what factor?

absorption

A nurse is caring for a client who has had part of her small intestine removed due to cancer. She has also now developed hypertension and has been prescribed a new medication to decrease her blood pressure. While planning the client's care, the nurse should consider a possible alteration in which aspect of pharmacokinetics?

• Biotechnology

A nurse is caring for a patient receiving medication synthesized from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). What is the appropriate terminology for this type of therapy?

A nurse's drug guide

A nurse is unfamiliar with a drug that a client in the community has recently been prescribed. What information should the nurse consult?

Pharmacotherapeutics

A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a client who is having a CAT scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to clients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers an MMR to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?

Maintain homeostasis

After reviewing cell physiology in preparation for a test, a group of students demonstrate understanding of the topic when they identify what as the main goal of a cell?

This may be coincidental, and the memory loss may be attributed to changes with aging

An elderly client has been taking a new medication for 2 months. During a follow-up visit, the client's son tells the nurse that he feels his mother's memory is getting worse. What concerns should the nurse have at this time?

Women have more fat cells so drugs depositing in fat will have a prolonged effect.

An experienced nurse has observed that female clients sometimes experience a drug's effects for a longer time than male clients of similar age and size. The nurse should attribute this to what factor?

Active transport

An instructor is describing the role and functioning of the sodium-potassium pump. The nurse should describe what type of transport mechanism?

Drugs cause unexpected or unacceptable reactions despite screening and testing.

An instructor is preparing a class that describes the toxic effects of drugs. Which effect would the instructor expect to include?

The drug may not be manufactured by other companies until the patent expires.

Once a drug is patented, what statement is true?

True

The Food and Drug Administration regulates the development and sale of drugs.

Prepare hormones or other substances for secretion producing excretory granules.

The Golgi complex, or Golgi apparatus, consists of stacks of thin, flattened vesicles or sacs within the cell. These Golgi apparatus are found near the nucleus and function in association with the ER. What is one purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

cytoplasm

The nurse is providing care for a client with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, and notes that the client's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse recalls that jaundice is a pigment that can accumulate in which part of the cell?

adverse effects

The nurse should have basic knowledge of drug classifications in order to administer medications safely to clients. What drug information is instrumental in determining nursing actions following drug administration?

speeding up chemical reactions

The student nurse is with a client who is listening to a dietitian emphasize the need for adequate nutrition. The dietitian is reviewing the functions of enzymes. Based on the information provided, what would be the best explanation by the dietitian to the client and student nurse about the functions of enzymes?

an antihistamine causes the client to experience drowsiness

What is an example of a secondary action?

Improve a client's quality of life Improve ability to function in activities of daily living

When prevention or cure is not a reasonable goal, relief of symptoms can do what? (Select all that apply.)

have a long duration of action.

When researching information about a drug, the nurse finds that the drug tightly binds to protein. The nurse would interpret this to mean that the drug will:

A client who takes insulin several time daily for type 1 diabetes

Which client is receiving a drug that is an agonist?

50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver

Which client would a nurse expect to experience alterations in drug metabolism?

insulin

Which drug may be derived from an animal source?

the drug's effects on the body

Which is a key concern related to clinical pharmacology?

Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962

Which legislative act allowed the FDA to tighten control over the quality of drugs and required that safety and efficacy standards be established?

•Recording each dose given on agency narcotic sheets and on the patient's medication administration record •Administering controlled substances only to people for whom they are prescribed •Storing controlled substances in locked containers •Reporting discrepancies to the proper authorities

Which of the following are nursing responsibilities connected to controlled substances? Select all that apply.

The program encourages the development and marketing of products to treat rare diseases. The program provides for incentives, such as research grants, protocol assistance, and special tax credits to develop products to treat rare diseases. The program grants seven years of exclusive marketing rights to the manufacturer if approved.

Which of the following are true in regards to the Orphan Drug Program? Select all that apply.

Effects on body systems • Therapeutic uses • Chemical characteristics

Which of the following are ways that drugs are classified? Select all that apply.

a chemical must have a proven therapeutic value or efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties to become a drug.

Which statement best defines how a chemical becomes a drug?