PREPU CH 65

A client is scheduled for an EEG. The client inquires about any diet-related prerequisites before the EEG. Which diet-related advice should the nurse provide to the client?

Avoid taking sedative drugs or drinks that contain caffeine for at least 8 hours before the test

Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin lead to which of the following disease processes?

Depression

A patient is being tested for a gag reflex. When the nurse places the tongue blade to the back of the throat, there is no response elicited. What dysfunction does the nurse determine the patient has?

Dysfunction of the vagus nerve

Which cerebral lobes is the largest and controls abstract thought?

Frontal

A 53-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of inability to form words, and numbness and weakness of the right arm and leg. Where would you locate the site of injury?

Left frontoparietal region

A client is diagnosed with a brain tumor. The nurse's assessment reveals that the client has difficulty interpreting visual stimuli. Based on these findings, the nurse suspects injury to which lobe of the brain?

Occipital

Which of the following is a disorder due to a lesion in the basal ganglia?

Parkinson's disease

Lower motor neuron lesions cause

flaccid muscles.

Lesions in the temporal lobe may result in which type of agnosia?

Auditory

A patient arrives to have an MRI done in the outpatient department. What information provided by the patient warrants further assessment to prevent complications related to the MRI?

"I am trying to quit smoking and have a patch on."

A nurse and nursing student are caring for a client recovering from a lumbar puncture yesterday. The client reports a headache despite being on bedrest overnight. The physician plans an epidural blood patch this morning. The student asks how this will help the headache. The correct reply from the nurse is which of the following?

"The blood will seal the hole in the dura and prevent further loss of cerebral spinal fluid."

the nurse is assessing the client's mental status . Which question will the nurse include in the assessment?

"Who is the president of the United States?"

Which of the following neurotransmitters are deficient in myasthenia gravis?

Acetylcholine

The nurse is performing an assessment of cranial nerve function and asks the patient to cover one nostril at a time to see if the patient can smell coffee, alcohol, and mint. The patient is unable to smell any of the odors. The nurse is aware that the patient has a dysfunction of which cranial nerve?

CN I

The nurse obtains a Snellen eye chart when assessing cranial nerve function. Which cranial nerve is the nurse testing when using the chart?

CN II

A nurse is preparing a client for a lumbar puncture. The client has heard about post-lumbar puncture headaches and asks what causes them. The nurse tells the client that these headaches are caused by which of the following?

Cerebral spinal fluid leakage at the puncture site

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Only three are sensory. Select the cranial nerve that is affected with decreased visual fields.

Cranial nerve II

If a client has a lower motor neuron lesion, the nurse would expect to observe which manifestation upon physical assessment?

Decreased muscle tone

Which is a sympathetic effect of the nervous system?

Dilated pupils

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for concentration and abstract thought?

Frontal

A nurse is caring for a client with lower back pain who is scheduled for myelography using metrizamide (a water-soluble contrast dye). After the test, the nurse should place the client in which position?

Head of the bed elevated 45 degrees

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have a direct effect on the circulatory system. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) causes which of the following?

Heartbeat to decrease

The Family Nurse Practitioner is assessing a 55-year-old who came to the clinic complaining of being "unsteady" on their feet. What would be a test for equilibrium?

Romberg test

The pre-nursing class is learning about the nervous system in their anatomy class. What part of the nervous system would the students learn is responsible for digesting food and eliminating body waste?

Parasympathetic

Which diagnostic test may be performed to evaluate blood flow within intracranial blood vessels?

Transcranial Doppler

The spinal cord is composed of 31 pairs of spinal nerves. How many pairs of thoracic nerves are contained within the spinal column?

Twelve

A patient comes to the emergency department with severe pain in the face that was stimulated by brushing the teeth. What cranial nerve does the nurse understand can cause this type of pain?

V

A client is scheduled for standard EEG testing to evaluate a possible seizure disorder. Which nursing intervention should the nurse perform before the procedure?

Withhold anticonvulsant medications for 24 to 48 hours before the exam

The nurse is performing a neurologic assessment on a client diagnosed with a stroke and cannot elicit a gag reflex. This deficit is related to which of the following cranial nerves?

X

A client is admitted to an acute care facility with a suspected dysfunction of the lower brain stem. The nurse should monitor this client closely for:

hypoxia.

A nurse is noting from a client's neurologic assessment findings that the client's motor impulses are interrupted from the brain to the spinal cord. It also appears that the client lacks sensory impulses from the peripheral sensory neurons to the brain. Which area has the deficit?

medulla oblongata

A nurse is caring for a client with an injury to the central nervous system. When caring for a client with a spinal cord insult slowing transmission of the motor neurons, the nurse would anticipate a delayed reaction in:

response due to interrupted impulses from the central nervous system

A nurse is working in an outpatient studies unit administering neurological tests. The client is surprised that paste is used to secure an electroencephalogram and asks how it will be removed from the hair. The nurse is most correct to state that the paste is removed with:

standard shampoo.

During a routine physical examination to assess a client's deep tendon reflexes, a nurse should make sure to:

support the joint where the tendon is being tested.

The nurse is instructing a community class when a student asks, "How does someone get super strength in an emergency?" The nurse should respond by describing the action of the:

sympathetic nervous system.

A client who was found unconscious at home is brought to the hospital by a rescue squad. In the intensive care unit, the nurse checks the client's oculocephalic (doll's eye) response by:

turning the client's head suddenly while holding the eyelids open.

What part of the brain controls and coordinates muscle movement?

Cerebellum

Which neurotransmitter demonstrates inhibitory action, helps control mood and sleep, and inhibits pain pathways?

Serotonin

A nurse is working in a neurologist's office. The physician orders a Romberg test. The nurse should have the client:

close his or her eyes and stand erect.

A client is waiting in a triage area to learn the medical status of family members following a motor vehicle accident. The client is pacing, taking deep breaths, and handwringing. Considering the effects in the body systems, the nurse anticipates that the liver will:

convert glycogen to glucose for immediate use.

A client preparing to undergo a lumbar puncture states he doesn't think he will be able to get comfortable with his knees drawn up to his abdomen and his chin touching his chest. He asks if he can lie on his left side. Which statement is the best response by the nurse?

"Although the required position may not be comfortable, it will make the procedure safer and easier to perform."

The physician's office nurse is caring for a client who has a history of a cerebral aneurysm. Which diagnostic test does the nurse anticipate to monitor the status of the aneurysm?

Cerebral angiography

The nurse is assessing the throat of a client with throat pain. In asking the client to stick out the tongue, the nurse is also assessing which cranial nerve?

Cranial nerve XII

A nurse is caring for a client with deteriorating neurologic status. The nurse is performing an assessment at the beginning of the shift that reveals a falling blood pressure and heart rate, and the client makes no motor response to stimuli. Which documentation of neuromuscular status is most appropriate?

Flaccidity

A patient sustained a head injury during a fall and has changes in personality and affect. What part of the brain does the nurse recognize has been affected in this injury?

Frontal lobe

Which cerebral lobe contains the auditory receptive areas?

Temporal

The nurse is assessing the client's pupils following a sports injury. Which of the following assessment findings indicates a neurologic concern? Select all that apply.

Unequal pupils Absence of pupillary response Pinpoint pupils

The nurse who is employed in a neurologist's office is performing a history and assessment on a client experiencing hearing difficulty. The nurse is most correct to gather equipment to assess the function of cranial nerve:

VIII

A client experienced a stroke that damaged the hypothalamus. The nurse should anticipate that the client will have problems with:

body temperature control.

A client is weak and drowsy after a lumbar puncture. The nurse caring for the client knows that what priority nursing intervention should be provided after a lumbar puncture?

Position the client flat for at least 3 hours.

A nurse conducts the Romberg test on a client by asking the client to stand with the feet close together and the eyes closed. As a result of this posture, the client suddenly sways to one side and is about to fall when the nurse intervenes and saves the client from being injured. How should the nurse interpret the client's result?

Positive Romberg test, indicating a problem with equilibrium

The nurse is caring for a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle accident and sustained a head injury. When assessing deep tendon reflexes (DTR), the nurse observes diminished or hypoactive reflexes. How will the nurse document this finding?

1+

A nurse is assisting during a lumbar puncture. How should the nurse position the client for this procedure?

Lateral recumbent, with chin resting on flexed knees

Which cranial nerve is responsible for muscles that move the eye and lids?

Oculomotor

A patient who has suffered a stroke is unable to maintain respiration and is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilator support. What portion of the brain is most likely responsible for the inability to breathe?

Brain stem