prepu fluid and electrolytes

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bulimia. The client is being treated for a serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L. Which of the following statements made by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?

"I can use laxatives and enemas but only once a week."

Which of the following solutions is hypotonic

0.45% NaCl

The nurse is preparing to insert a peripheral IV catheter into a patient who will require fluids and IV antibiotics. How should the nurse always start the process of insertion?

Ask the patient about allergies to latex or iodine

The physician has ordered a peripheral IV to be inserted before the patient goes for computed tomography. What should the nurse do when selecting a site on the hand or arm for insertion of an IV catheter?

Consider potential effects on the patient's mobility when selecting a site

You are doing an admission assessment on an elderly patient newly admitted for end-stage liver disease. You must assess the patient's skin turgor. What should you remember when evaluating skin turgor?

Inelastic skin turgor is a normal part of ageing

Treatment of FVE involves dietary restriction of sodium. Which of the following food choices would be part of a low-sodium diet, mild restriction (2 to 3 g/day)?

Three ounces of light or dark meat chicken, 1 cup of spaghetti and a garden salad

A client with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps and distention is admitted to the health care facility. Which test result is most significant?

Serum potassium level of 3 mEq/L

Which of the following is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia in the United States?

alcoholism

You are the surgical nurse caring for a 65-year-old female patient who is postoperative day 1 following a thyroidectomy. During your shift assessment, the patient complains of tingling in her lips and fingers. She tells you that she has an intermittent spasm in her wrist and hand and she exhibits increased muscle tone. What electrolyte imbalance should you first suspect?

hypocalcemia

Clients diagnosed with hypervolemia should avoid sweet or dry food because

it increases the client's desire to consume fluid

The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes type I who is having severe vomiting and diarrhea. What condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration should the nurse assess for?

metabolic acidosis

When evaluating arterial blood gases (ABGs), which value is consistent with metabolic alkalosis?

pH 7.48

The nurse is analyzing the arterial blood gas (AGB) results of a patient diagnosed with severe pneumonia. Which of the following ABG results indicates respiratory acidosis

pH: 7.20, PaCO2: 65 mm Hg, HCO3-: 26 mEq/L

A patient in the ICU starts complaining of being "short of breath." An arterial blood gas (ABG) is drawn. The ABG has the following values: pH = 7.21, PaCO2 = 64 mm Hg, HCO3 = 24 mm Hg. What does the ABG reflect?

respiratory acidosis

Translocation is a term used to describe the general movement of fluid and chemicals within body fluids. In every client's body, fluid-electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of translocation. What specific process allows water to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?

osmosis

A client has a serum calcium level of 7.2 mg/dl. During the physical examination, the nurse expects to assess:

trousseau's sign

Which of the following is a function of calcitonin? Select all that apply

• Reduces bone resorption • Increases urinary excretion of calcium • Increases deposition of calcium in bones