Primacy recency, 3 Theories of selective attention, and Reciprocal determinism

selective attention

- the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input - ability to focus on something that's relevant to the task at hand while ignoring other information

Primacy bias

Bias that explains that first impressions are important-- extra emphasis on information that reinforces the first impression. - First impressions lasts long, tough to overcome, and may be built upon

Recency bias

Bias that explains that your most recent actions are important --> people place emphasis on your more recent actions/performances

Broadbent's Early Selection theory

Sensory register -> selective filter -> perceptual processes (understanding/meaning) -> other cognitive processes

Reciprocal Determinism (Bandura)

The interacting influences of behavior, cognition, and environment

Deutsch and Deutsch Late selection theory

The theory that registers and assign everything "meaning" but then your selective filter decides what info. to pass on to your conscious awareness: Sensory register -> Perceptual Processes -> Selective filter -> other cognitive processes

Treisman's Attenuation Theory

Theory that explains instead of a complete selective filter, we have an attenuator - which means "to weaken" but doesn't eliminate input from unattended ear completely. Then, some "background info" gets to perceptual processes, so meaning gets assigned to info in unattended ear still occurs, just not high priority. Whatever is high priority/most important, you switch your focus to it and give meaning to it in perceptual processes Sensory Register -> Attenuator -> Perceptual processes -> other cognitive processes

early impressions (primacy bias) and the most recent actions a person has done towards us (recency bias)

When we form impressions of other people, the most important parts of forming an impression are the

Because it states that unattended information is not understood and completely filtered out. However, that is not the case because for instance, if someone calls our name while we are talking to another or if we're busy with another task, we still get distracted.

Why was Broadbent's Early Selection theory at fault?

Because our brains work efficiently and it would be a waste of time to give meaning to all sensory input/register

Why was Deutsch and Deutsch Late selection theory also not as accurate?