Primavera Biology B Unit 5: Ecology

What is a predicted impact of global warming on marine life?

decrease in biodiversity caused by decreased pH of seawater

Temperate forests are characterized by _[blank]_.

pronounced seasons with year-round rainfall

On average, how much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?

10%

By the year 2050, the Earth's average temperature is predicted to increase by what amount?

2°C

Approximately how much of the Earth's primary production occurs in the oceans?

50%

Which of the following statements about limiting factors are true? Select all that apply.

Density-dependent factors are dependent on a population's density. Density-independent factors impact a population regardless of a population's density.

What are some ways that increasing human populations have affected the planet? Select all that apply.

Forests being cut down for wood to build human shelters has led to losses in biodiversity. The plowing of fields for crops has caused soil erosion in some areas.

Pollution is a major threat to biodiversity. Which situations describe pollution? Select all that apply.

Fossil fuels are burned, releasing harmful chemicals into the atmosphere. Water bottles are dumped into the ocean.

Which of the following describes how Earth's temperature is maintained by the greenhouse effect?

Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane reflect heat from the Earth back towards Earth's surface.

What is the law of the minimum?

Growth is not limited by the total amount of resources, but by the scarcest resource.

How can human activity affect water resources? Select all that apply.

Human activity can reduce the amount of available fresh water. Human activity can pollute water resources, making them unusable.

What would happen if a producer were removed from an ecosystem?

Less energy would be available.

An ecosystem with low biodiversity experiences a wildfire. What is likely to happen?

Many of the species will die, and the ecosystem will collapse.

In December, which hemisphere is tilted away from the sun?

Northern Hemisphere

An ecosystem with high biodiversity experiences a natural disaster. What is likely to happen? Select all that apply.

Some species will survive. The ecosystem will survive.

In an ecosystem, buffalo eat grass, and bears prey upon the buffalo. What would happen to the buffalo and bear populations if the grass population declined dramatically?

The buffalo population and the bear population would decrease.

What are some issues with captive breeding programs? Select all that apply.

They are expensive. They produce individuals with low genetic diversity.

Burning fossil fuels involves releasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere at a rate that is much faster than the carbon cycle can remove it. Is the previous statement true or false?

True

Which describes symbiosis?

Two organisms belonging to different species live closely together and have specific interactions.

Which of the following statements describe logistic growth? Select all that apply.

When graphed, it appears as an S-shaped curve. It occurs when factors in the environment limit the population growth.

If there is no immigration or emigration, how do the birth rate and the death rate affect population size? Select all that apply.

When the death rate exceeds the birth rate, the population shrinks. When the birth rate and the death rate remain the same, the population size does not change.

What best describes an urban area where concrete and asphalt absorb the Sun's energy and reradiates it as heat back to the surrounding air?

a microclimate

What is a trophic level?

a reflection of where an organism is in the sequence of energy transfers

What are factors that limit population growth and are caused by human activity? Select all that apply.

agricultural runoff into water paving land for a road cutting down trees in forest

Which of the following is not a terrestrial biome?

an estuary

Which of the following was put in place to help reduce ozone depletion?

an international treaty to limit CFC emissions

What is the most specific ecological level?

an organism

The _[blank]_ is the zone where no sunlight penetrates the water.

aphotic zone

How is nitrogen gas fixed biologically?

bacteria in plant roots and soil

Which is an example of an ecosystem change that resulted from human activity?

chaparral shrublands turning to grass due to frequent fires

What are organisms that use chemical energy instead of sunlight produce carbohydrates?

chemoautotrophs

What is a limiting factor whose effects are dependent on a population's density?

density-dependent factor

Which type of organism feeds on waste and dead organic matter?

detritivores

Which is an illustration that shows the amount of energy contained at each trophic level?

energy pyramid

Eutrophication can cause die-offs of plants and animals, leading to a decline in the number of species. What specifically causes this? Select all that apply.

excess nutrients decrease in oxygen

The increase in the average temperature on Earth over time is referred to as _[blank]_. Which term best completes the sentence?

global warming

Which of the following describes organisms that need to obtain energy from other organisms? Select all that apply.

heterotrophs consumers

In which of the following situations would primary succession occur?

on an island just formed by a volcano

What organisms are at the first trophic level?

organisms that use energy from the Sun

Which of the following gases helps prevent UV radiation from reaching the Earth's surface?

ozone

A tick feeding off the blood of a dog is an example of which type of relationship?

parasitism

What is a common first step in ecological restoration?

planting local native plants in an area

What factors affect carrying capacity? Select all that apply.

predators in habitat presence of disease quality of habitat

What is a main goal of in situ conservation?

preserving biodiversity of existing habitats

What is the name for an organism that eats producers?

primary consumer

What term describes the conversion of inorganic carbon to organic carbon?

primary production

What things do people depend on forests for? Select all that apply.

producing wood for construction, fuel, and other purposes preventing soil erosion

Estuaries are characterized by _[blank]_.

the presence of fresh water and salt water

The short-term conditions in Earth's atmosphere at a certain time and place is the definition of _[blank]_.

the weather

Which of the following activities is likely to contribute to the hole in the ozone layer?

using products with CFCs

What occurs in evaporation?

water changes from liquid to water vapor

Which of the following options has the resource correctly classified?

water; renewable fossil fuels; nonrenewable forests; renewable

In which freshwater ecosystem is it possible for the soil to be saturated with water for only part of the year?

wetlands