Princ. of Landscaping:

What are the two duplication processes that are most commonly used?

Diazo process and photocopy process

WHICH VIEW? - offer a look at multiple sides of objects which providing measurable dimensions to scale - very helpful to the contractor who takes the measurements directly from them

axonometric

The scale indicator and directional arrow are placed near the design to ...

balance the white space as well

If an imaginary line is drawn down the center of the sheet the graphic weight should ...

be equal on both sides

a line often drawn around the sheet to tie together all the components on the sheet

border

Existing contours are always shown as ... lines

broken

WHICH GRAPHIC MEDIA? - contain reservoirs of pigment that is liquefied in either alcohol or xylene solvents - come with a variety of tip sizes - used incorrectly renderings can be streaked, blotchy, and amateurish - used correctly, they provide brilliance and realism; this is directly related to the type of paper used - should be applied by lightest color first - many mistakes can be hidden by applying colored pencil over

color markers - a combo of color pencils and markers is most common

WHICH GRAPHIC MEDIA? - wax based and sold in sets of 120 colors - colors will vary by manufacturer - best sharpened by a pocketknife or single-edged razor - used for rendering design plans, elevations,and perspective illustrations - the principal value is to add color or excitement to the work; creates texture

colored pencil

WHICH VIEW? - scaled drawing showing horizontal and vertical dimensions - demonstrates size relationship between buildings, people, and plants - demonstrates vertical relationships between landscape features

elevation

A designer must prepare drawings that will speak to both the ... aspect of the client and the ... aspect of the contractor

emotional; technical

Examples of man-made features and characteristics

existing buildings utilities paved area existing landscape features building details storage spaces adjacent property development

WHICH GRAPHIC MEDIA? - the mounting board of choice for drawings - lightweight and can be reused - used in landscape model design

foam board

What is done to - level spaces for the construction of buildings - level spaces required for activities and facilities such as [parking lots, driveways, swimming pools and playing fields - special effects or improved conditions for the landscape

grading the land

WHICH GRAPHIC MEDIA? - center are graphite and have varying degrees of hardness - manipulating the hold of this will achieve varying desired effects

graphite pencil

- used to suggest how features would appear from above - must be drawn true to size - more elaborate and realistic styling is used to present to clients

landscape symbols

The design is placed on the .... side and the plant list is sized to ... The client's or project name is the ... and placed near the ...

left counterbalance largest bottom

How do you show an object that passes beneath another object?

line-weight variation

Plants exactly alike will .... slightly to show mass grouping. Plants not exactly alike are not ...

overlapped

WHICH GRAPHIC MEDIA? - chalky crayons made of powder pigment - available in a variety of colors - for landscape drawings, the best are the square sticks without oil base application techniques for pastels vary depending on desired effect - minimal application is best

pastels

WHICH VIEW? - allows for the best visualization of the designer's intentions - allows for multiple sides of a proposed idea to be projected in one drawing - dimensions are not measurable, but can be scaled

perspective

WHICH VIEW? - demonstrates placement of plants and other things - draw to scale - must be accurate

plan view

- shows how many of each is required - lists size at time of installation - lists plants by alphabetically by botanical name also provides common name

plant lists

WHICH GRAPHIC MEDIA? - materials used to speed up the development of the presentation but maintain a professional appearance - printed borders, dry transfer sheets of plant symbols, cars, people as well as sheet patters of plant symbols, used to create texture or shades on the surface of landscape features - extensive use is usually reserved for presentation designs

pressure graphics

Examples of cultural features and characteristics

property lines setback zoning regulations deed restrictions right-of-ways easements noises and odors historical significance

Diazo process

requires a specially treated paper, UV light, and ammonia vapor developer to make the copies

When the land is not suitable for the activities planned for the site, it may need to be ...

reshaped

- accurate scale allows for measurements - demonstrates orientation - arrow is designed may be ornate; but not too ornate or too large

scale indicator and directional arrow

Proposed contours are always shown as ... lines

solid

- landscape company - US Geological surveyor - State, county, or city administrative offices - land surveyor - US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service - historical societies

sources of site information

Contour lines neither ...nor ...

split nor overlap

Examples of natural sites features and characteristics

terrain topography slopes erosion directions of surface water drainage areas of puddling or drought soil qualities plants microclimates winds annual rain and snowfall frostline sun and shade

Photocopy process

uses a photocopy machine; makes a little more sharper image and can reproduce anything in a variety of sizes

Actual designing is on ... paper and then design is traced on ... (paper) or ... (plastic)

vellum mylar

Client and Designer Names

- create client's names using the largest and most ornate lettering on the plan - should be prominently featured - the designer's name should also be included but not as big as the client's

WHICH GRAPHIC MEDIA? What are the types of drawing paper and films?

- quadrille paper - newsprint paper - sketch paper - marker paper - vellum - mylar film

What is the first things to be done when designing?

- take a site inventory - make initial visit alone so not to be influences by an preconceived notions had by client

What are the three essential components of Graphic Presentation?

1. Various drawings - lists - enlarged views - name blocks - info items 2. the lines and shapes for balance 3. the balance of white space on the presentation

What provides data on - topography - physical resources - wetlands - aquifers - surface water features - physical infrastructure - administrative boundaries - historic landmarks regulated areas - a satellite-based radio navigation system that relies on a system of 24 x 30 satellite that circles the planet in six different orbital paths - provides info om location, elevations, and distances - saves time, reduces costs, and improves both accuracy and efficiency

GIS