Principles Of Biology 1 (Sickle Cell)
9. Several different researchers all contributed to the study of the structure of DNA. For each of the following researchers, match their contribution.
Answer: Rosalind Franklin: DNA is a repeating helical structure. Erwin Chargaff: The percent of adenine is equal to the percent of thymine and the percent of guanine is equal to the percent of cytosine. Frederick Griffith: There is a transforming factor that exists and can change bacteria's characteristics. Oswald Avery: Transformation of bacteria did not occur with the addition of Dnase enzyme, suggesting DNA is the genetic material.
8. Select all of the following that are components of DNA.
Answer: A deoxyribose sugar, A phosphate group, The nitrogenous bases (Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine).
2. Sickle-cell disease is a disorder that is caused by...
Answer: A single mutation on a single gene.
14.A single mutation causes sickle-cell disease. Which of the following statements best describes how this occurs?
Answer: A single nucleotide mutation causes a normal glutamine amino acid to be replaced with a valine amino acid. This causes the resulting hemoglobin protein to form incorrectly, resulting in sickle-shaped red blood cells that cannot function as intended.
11.What is the name of the enzyme that fits new complementary DNA nucleotides into the new strand?
Answer: DNA polymerase.
1. Which of the following traits are considered to be inheritable?
Answer: Eye Color.
12.Segments of DNA that contain instructions for making either proteins or RNA molecules that regulate proteins are called _____.
Answer: Genes.
6. Sickle-cell disease results in misshapen red blood cells. What impact does this have on their ability to carry gases in the bloodstream.
Answer: It reduces their ability to carry oxygen, resulting in anemia.
10.What is the role of the enzyme ligase in DNA replication?
Answer: It seals any breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.
3. Sickle-cell disease results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. Which cell type contains millions of hemoglobin molecules per cell?
Answer: Red Blood Cells.
5. Sickle-cell disease causes hemoglobin proteins to become altered. What direct effect does this have on red blood cells?
Answer: Red blood cells become sickle-shaped, clumping up and blocking blood flow in capillaries.
7. Which of the following most accurately describes how sickle-cell disease impacts the body?
Answer: Red blood cells clump up, blocking capillaries within the alveoli, resulting in acute chest syndrome, marked by pain, fever, and shortness of breath.
4. Complete the following sentence: Hemoglobin functions in _____ cells and carries ____ to all cells of the body.
Answer: Red blood, Oxygen.
13.During translation, a polypeptide chain is created using a RNA template. Which of the following components is responsible for bringing amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?
Answer: tRNA.
