Principles of Management Exam 2 (McGraw Hill Connect Chapters 7 and 8)

True

T/F: The increased focus on business ethics that followed the business scandals of the early 2000s, including the Enron collapse and civilian contractor abuses in Iraq, also lead to the growing use of ethics officers.

person-organization fit

The degree to which someone's personality and values align with the organizational culture of a firm is called ______. person-organization fit role modeling culture-organization fit common purpose

Big data

Stores of data that are so large or complex that it is difficult to process them using traditional database management applications are known as ______.

Big data

Stores of data that are so large or complex that it is difficult to process them using traditional database management applications are known as ______. proscriptive analytics big data data mining cloud computing

True

T/F: CEOs are at a higher risk of being fired for ethical violations than ever before because the public has become less forgiving of unethical behavior.

False

T/F: Predictive analytics is a groupthink technique.

False

T/F: Soft skills do not have a role in evidence-based decision making.

Safeguarding Data Analyzing Data

Which of the following applications of big data are typically used by employees at the lower managerial level of an organization? (Choose every correct answer.)

Surveillance data Social network communications Data in corporate databases Web-browsing data trails

Which of the following are examples of big data?

Data issues Cost Implementation

Which of the following are the top challenges associated with AI?

Data issues Implementation Cost

Which of the following are the top challenges associated with AI? (Choose every correct answer.) Enhanced decision making Data issues Implementation Cost

Engaging customers and employees Automating business processes Analyzing data

Which of the following business needs are typically supported by artificial intelligence?

Functional

An organizational structure where people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups is called a ______ structure. modular functional matrix team-based

Observations on what actually works

Evidence-based decision relies on ______.

Rationality

Evidence-based management attempts to introduce which factor into the decision-making process?

Wide

Flat organizations generally have few levels with ______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees. short tall wide narrow

embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by ______. outlining what is important to the organization through its acronyms, sayings, and slogans creating narratives about events that happened in the organization embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements celebrating important achievements with activities and ceremonies

put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups. are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations.

Functional organizational structures: (Choose every correct answer.) put employees with diverse occupational specialties together in formal groups. put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups. are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations. group activities around similar customers or clients.

Displacement

Goal ______ occurs when the primary goal is subsumed by a secondary goal. commitment displacement bias stimulation

is a control mechanism that ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time

Hierarchy of authority, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. is represented by the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people coordinates individual efforts in an organization into an organization-wide effort unifies organizational members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being is a control mechanism that ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time

Ethics Officer

Someone who is trained about matters of ethics in the workplace, particularly about resolving ethical dilemmas, is called a(n) ______.

Organizational

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart. networking values mission organizational

and reach agreement to support the final decision

A consensus is reached when all members are able to express their opinions ______. and reach agreement to support the final decision and decide on a date to make a final decision and vote on a final decision but are unable to make a final decision

Chain of command

A control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time is called hierarchy of authority or ______. division of labor span of control chain of command strategic management

Decision Tree

A graph of decisions and their possible consequences used to create a plan is known as a(n) ______.

Enhance current offerings Make more effective decisions Optimize internal processes

A recent survey of U.S. companies showed that most companies use AI to do which of the following?

Organization

A(n) ______ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people. adhocracy team organization culture

Boundaryless

A(n) ______ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks. adjustable mechanistic boundaryless centralized

Leaders

An organization's ______ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes, or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture. leaders strategy mission statements

A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat The corporate headquarters of a global technology company

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations? A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat The corporate headquarters of a global technology company A freelance graphic designer A food cart outside a sports stadium run by a single individual

Common purpose

According to Schein, which organizational feature unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being? Coordinated effort Division of labor Common purpose Hierarchy of authority

Project post-mortem

After a major product launch, managers at McLaughlin Industries meet to evaluate outcomes and how those outcomes differ from what the group expected. This approach is part of which group problem-solving technique? Brainstorming Project post-mortem Devil's advocacy Dialectic method

superiors dominating or intimidating the group

All of the following are advantages to group decision making except ______. deeper commitment to the decision superiors dominating or intimidating the group different perspectives greater pool of knowledge

Groups make decisions quickly

All the following are characteristics of group decision making except ______. their knowledge counts their size affects their decision quality groups make decisions quickly they may be too confident

Analytics

An online retailer uses complex data-mining software to evaluate the preferences and buying habits of its customers and makes decisions based on these findings. This is an example of the use of ______ in the decision-making process.

tall

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as: horizontal. flat. tall. wide.

Simple structure

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a ______. divisional structure matrix structure functional structure simple structure

Belief in "the wisdom of crowds"

Andi has recently joined her company's new product development team. She has a number of innovative ideas, but because the group is so unified in its support for more traditional ideas, Andi decides to keep her ideas to herself and go along with the group. Which symptom of groupthink does this situation illustrate? Belief in "the wisdom of crowds" Demonstrating a sense of invulnerability Goal displacement Rationalization

Accountability

Authority in organizations means ______, meaning managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them and are responsible for performing assigned tasks. accountability delegation power groupthink

Making ethical choices

Bagley's decision tree is specifically designed for use when ______.

a computer network

Brainwriting is the process of brainstorming by using ______. a computer network anonymity SWOT analysis benchmarking

unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being arranges discrete parts of a task done by different people ensures the right people do the right things at the right time coordinates individual efforts into group effort

is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort

Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort unifies employees and gives them a shared understanding of the organization's reason for being is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time materializes in discrete parts of a task done by different people in the organization

is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization

Division of labor, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being coordinates individual efforts into a group-wide effort ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time

Devil's Advocate

During meetings, Stacy likes to challenge new ideas, even those that she agrees with, in order to make sure that her team has considered every angle. What role is Stacy playing? Devil's advocate Silent observer Tireless champion Diplomat

Brainwriting

Electronic brainstorming, also called ______, is a technique used to help members of a group come together over a computer network to generate ideas and alternatives for solving problems. groupthink group consensus brainwriting brainforming

Reached a consensus

Even though not everyone in the meeting agreed with the final decision, the group decided to proceed and replace all existing machine parts in the warehouse. In this situation, the group had ______. brainstormed successfully voted unanimously reached a consensus met a benchmark

Virtual Modular Hollow

Identify the types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries. (Choose every correct answer.) Mechanistic Tall Virtual Modular Hollow

Rewards

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of ______ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them. stories rituals rewards heroes

Predictive

In order to develop the best customer base it can, Harrison's Gourmet Foods sends out different types of promotional items to see which one garners the best response in terms of customers who will buy once and come back to order again. The information Harrison's receives provides the basis for ______ analytics

Dialectic

In the ______ method, groups engage in a structured debate between opposing positions (thesis and antithesis) with the aim of reaching a consensus. evidence-based authoritarian brainstorming dialectic

coordinated effort

In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through ______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor. span of control division of labor hierarchy of authority coordinated effort

Uncover all possible objections to a plan or an idea.

In the devil's advocacy technique, the group assigns one person to do which of the following? Forfeit his or her vote to ensure unanimity. Brainstorm a list of new ideas. Uncover all possible objections to a plan or an idea. Make a decision for the entire group.

Groupthink

Jai is a member of a tight-knit team at work that avoids any kind of disagreement. Team members, therefore, avoid considering new ideas. What behavior is Jai's team exhibiting? Overconfidence Goal displacement Groupthink Burnout

Stories

Managers can help to change the organization's culture by paying attention to which ______ they use as narratives to symbolize the organization's vision and values to employees. rituals heroes stories rites

Brainstorming

Michelle met with her five employees around a table and asked each of them to take five minutes to write down what they personally thought their new facility should include. She then collected the information and wrote it on the white board for all of them to view and decide upon. Michelle is using the ______ technique. Delphi executive-decision brainstorming

Physical Design

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent? Formal statements Physical design Stories and legends Rites and rituals

Training

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured ______ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values. slogans myths training rituals

Persuasive

One obstacle to making evidence-based decisions is that stories are often more ______ than evidence.

Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies Creating structures of accountability and responsibility

Organizational design is concerned with which activities? (Choose every correct answer.) Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies Minimizing all forms of accountability within an organization Excluding responsibility from the organizational structure Creating structures of accountability and responsibility

Rites and rituals

Organizations can use ______, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture. slogans and sayings legends and myths formal statements rites and rituals

send a strong message about the culture encourage employee productivity

Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to: (Choose every correct answer.) send a strong message about the culture encourage employee productivity recreate historical narratives introduce new slogans and sayings

Ceremonies

Rites and rituals, which are activities and ______ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change. slogans communications ceremonies stories

People are trying to mislead you. There is too much evidence. There is not enough good evidence.

Select the reasons it can be difficult to make evidence based decisions.

Traditional Horizontal Open boundary

Select the types of organizational design. (Choose every correct answer.) Traditional Horizontal Sectional Open boundary

Status symbols Rewards

Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following? Rites Stories Status symbols Rewards

prepare a written report to document the process and findings.

The final step in a project post-mortem is to: prepare a written report to document the process and findings. fix blame for anything that might have gone wrong. provide an oral summary of the learnings from the current project to team members. share the cost of the project with the stakeholders.

Dialectic Method

The managers of Coastal Imports are having a meeting to decide whether the company should raise prices on its best-selling products. During the meeting, the team engages in a debate in which one side argues that the company should lower its prices while the other side argues in favor of raising them. Which problem-solving technique is the group using? Project post-mortem Brainstorming Dialectic method Devil's advocacy

Implementation

The most cited challenge to artificial intelligence (AI) is: lack of personal interaction. unavailability of data scientists. implementation. data privacy.

Responsibility

The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your ______. authority delegation responsibility power

Failure to consider new information Loss of new ideas

What are common results of groupthink? Ideas that are too ambitious or unorthodox Infighting and conflict Failure to consider new information Loss of new ideas

Rationalization An illusion of unanimity A sense of invulnerability

What are symptoms of groupthink? (Choose every correct answer.) Rationalization An illusion of unanimity A sense of invulnerability A sense of individual independence

Who specializes in what work Who reports to whom

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure? Who specializes in what work Who reports to whom How things get done How employees are responsible

Authority in a single person A flat hierarchy Low work specialization

What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure? Authority in a single person Dispersed authority A flat hierarchy A tall hierarchy Low work specialization

The size of the group The efficiency of the group The knowledge of group members

What are three characteristics that affect decision making by a group? (Choose every correct answer.) The gender differences present in the group The size of the group The efficiency of the group The knowledge of group members The fact that groups tend to make bad decisions

Be more resourceful. Be proactive in learning situations.

What are two suggestions for improving your adaptability in the workplace? Be reactive in learning situations. Be more resourceful. Be proactive in learning situations. Rely on the knowledge of others.

Identify best practices and turn them into standard operating procedure.

What is the best way to develop a ready-made solution? Identify best practices and turn them into standard operating procedure. Conduct a survey of preferred approaches to a problem and implement the most common responses. Borrow the approaches that worked best for other individuals or organizations you admire. Conduct a cost-benefit analysis and pursue the cheapest options.

To determine what could be done better and incorporate those insights into future decisions

What is the goal of conducting a project post-mortem? To assign blame to the people most responsible for project failures To officially "move on" from a project and never discuss it again To determine what could be done better and incorporate those insights into future decisions To imagine how a project would have gone if the group had chosen a different strategy

Automated business processes

What is the most common type of AI used today?

Brainstorming

What is the name of a technique used to help groups generate multiple ideas for solving problems in which potential ideas or solutions are collected (sometimes anonymously) and written on a board or flip chart? A decision support system Brainstorming The Delphi technique Benchmarking

Observe the results, then conduct a post-mortem.

What is the recommended step you should take after making a decision? Analyze the political issues involved with your decision. Observe the results, then conduct a post-mortem. Seek input from trusted friends and colleagues. Ignore the results and focus on your next decisions.

Teams are used to improve collaboration and work.

What occurs as a result of the horizontal organizational design? Teams are used to improve collaboration and work. Internal boundaries are strengthened. People with similar occupations are put together. Employees are grouped around regional locations.

Hollow

When an organization has a central core of key functions and outsources others to vendors who can do them cheaper and faster, the organization is said to have a ______ structure. modular virtual hollow supply

Stories

When employees share a narrative about an actual event that helped create an aspect of the company's culture, they are relying on ______ to symbolize the company's vision and values. rituals rewards goals stories

Prior to accepting a position

When is the ideal time to assess person-organization fit? During the first performance review Prior to accepting a position Immediately after being hired Prior to an exit interview

Goal displacement

When rivals are focused on winning an argument rather than the goal of a meeting and the topics of the meeting are not discussed, it is an example of ______.

Ethical

When using the ethical decision tree, management should consider whether a proposed action is both legal and ______.

Influencing others to support data-driven decisions

Which application of big data is typically used by employees at the top managerial level of an organization?

Engaging customers and employees Analyzing data Automating business processes

Which of the following business needs are typically supported by artificial intelligence? Interviewing potential job candidates Engaging customers and employees Analyzing data Automating business processes

Processes Activities Outcomes

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Processes Heroes Activities Outcomes

Critical thinking and problem solving Computational thinking Information technology application

Which of the following career-readiness competencies relate to evidence-based decision making?

To gain a competitive advantage

Which of the following is a primary use of AI among U.S. companies?

Intellectual Stimulation

Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making?

Is the proposed action a benefit to our competitors?

Which of the following questions is NOT one of the questions used in Bagley's ethical decision tree?

Coaching Training Role modeling

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Coaching Training Profits Role modeling

This design is also called a team-based design Workgroups are used to improve collaboration Internal boundaries are broken down

Which of the following statements regarding horizontal design are true? (Choose every correct answer.) This design is also called a team-based design Workgroups are used to improve collaboration Internal boundaries are broken down Cross-functional teams are eliminated

Portfolio Analysis Time-Series Forecast

Which of these are examples of business analytics?

Digital communications increase exposure to risk from both hackers and whistle-blowers. Companies are expanding operations into developing countries where ethical risks may be higher and laws less protective

Which of these are reasons for the increase in ethical violations among business leaders in the 21st century?

What was the problem? What was the solution? What lessons can you derive from this experience?

Which questions should you ask when developing ready-made solutions based on past experiences? (Choose every correct answer.) What was the problem? What was the solution? What lessons can you derive from this experience? Who was most responsible for the problem?

Conduct a cost-benefit analysis. Consider whether the decision is consistent with your values. Analyze the situation.

Which steps are recommended for establishing a process or method for making decisions? (Choose every correct answer.) Conduct a cost-benefit analysis. Consider whether the decision is consistent with your values. Ignore feedback or opinions from others and go with your gut instinct. Analyze the situation.

Have an agenda. Encourage honest feedback from all participants. Prepare and circulate a written report at the end of the meeting.

Which strategies are recommended for conducting a successful project post-mortem? (Choose every correct answer.) Have an agenda. Encourage honest feedback from all participants. Wait at least six months after the project concludes to conduct the post-mortem. Prepare and circulate a written report at the end of the meeting.

Division of labor

With ______, an organization can parcel out the entire complex work effort to be performed by specialists, which results in greater efficiency. hierarchy of authority coordinated effort common purpose division of labor

Hollow

Within a boundaryless organization, the ______ structure is also called a network structure. hollow virtual supply modular

Formal statements

______ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values. Rites and rituals Formal statements Slogans and sayings Stories, legends, and myths

Formal statements

______ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values. Rites and rituals Stories, legends, and myths Slogans and sayings Formal statements

Delegation

______ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy. Assimilation Delegation Modification Accommodation

Authority

______ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources. Authority Delegation Power Responsibility

Authority

______ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources. Delegation Responsibility Power Authority