Private Pilot Aeromedical Factors and ADM

Which statement best defines hypoxia?

A state of oxygen deficiency in the body.

What effect does haze have on the ability to see traffic or terrain features during flight?

All traffic or terrain features appear to be farther away than their actual distance.

Hazardous attitudes occur to every pilot to some degree at some time. What are some of these hazardous attitudes?

Antiauthority, impulsivity, macho, resignation, and invulnerability.

What preparation should a pilot make to adapt the eyes for night flying?

Avoid bright white lights at least 30 minutes before the flight.

What is one of the neglected items when a pilot relies on short and long term memory for repetitive tasks?

Checklists. (Neglect of checklists, flight planning, preflight inspections, etc., indicates a pilot's unjustified reliance on his or her short- and long-term memory for repetitive flying tasks.)

What often leads to spatial disorientation or collision with ground/obstacles when flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR)?

Continual flight into instrument conditions. (Continuing VFR flight into instrument conditions often leads to spatial disorientation or collision with ground/obstacles due to the loss of outside visual references. It is even more dangerous if the pilot is not instrument qualified or current.)

Which would most likely result in hyperventilation?

Emotional tension, anxiety, or fear.

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "Antiauthority"?

Follow the rules.

What is the one common factor which affects most preventable accidents?

Human error.

Which is not a type of hypoxia?

Hypertoxic.

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "Resignation"?

I am not helpless.

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "Invulnerability"?

It could happen to me.

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "Impulsivity"?

Not so fast, think first.

What is a correct response if an exhaust leak were to be detected while in flight?

Open air vents or windows.

Which of the following is a correct response to counteract the feelings of hypoxia in flight?

Promptly descend altitude.

In the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, what is the first step in neutralizing a hazardous attitude?

Recognizing hazardous thoughts. (Hazardous attitudes, which contribute to poor pilot judgment, can be effectively counteracted by redirecting that hazardous attitude so that appropriate action can be taken. Recognition of hazardous thoughts is the first step in neutralizing them in the ADM process.)

What is the most effective way to use the eyes during night flight?

Scan slowly to permit off-center viewing. (Physiologically, the eyes are most effective at seeing objects off-center at night. Accordingly, pilots should scan slowly to permit off-center viewing.)

Risk management, as part of the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, relies on which features to reduce the risks associated with each flight?

Situational awareness, problem recognition, and good judgement.

Which technique should a pilot use to scan for traffic to the right and left during straight-and-level flight?

Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals.

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "Macho"?

Taking chance is foolish.

Who is responsible for determining whether a pilot is fit to fly for a particular flight, even though he or she holds a current medical certificate?

The pilot.

Susceptibility to carbon monoxide poisoning increases as

altitude increases.

Pilots are more subject to spatial disorientation if

body signals are used to interpret flight attitude.

Effects of carbon monoxide poisoning include

dizziness, blurred vision, and loss of muscle power.

The danger of spatial disorientation during flight in poor visual conditions may be reduced by

having faith in the instruments rather than taking a chance on the sensory organs.

Rapid or extra deep breathing while using oxygen can cause a condition known as

hyperventilation.

When a stressful situation is encountered in flight, an abnormal increase in the volume of air breathed in and out can cause a condition known as

hyperventilation.

The best method to use when looking for other traffic at night is to

look to the side of the object and scan slowly.

Large accumulations of carbon monoxide in the human body result in

loss of muscular power.

If a pilot experiences spatial disorientation during flight in a restricted visibility condition, the best way to overcome the effect is to

rely upon the aircraft instrument indications.

A pilot should be able to overcome the symptoms or avoid future occurrences of hyperventilation by

slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a bag, or talking aloud.

A pilot experiencing the effects of hyperventilation should be able to restore the proper carbon dioxide level in the body by

slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a paper bag, or talking aloud. (A stressful situation can often lead to hyperventilation, which results from an increased rate and depth of respiration that leads to an abnormally low amount of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. By slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a paper bag, or talking aloud, a pilot can overcome the effects of hyperventilation and return the carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream to normal.)

A lack of orientation with regard to the position, attitude, or movement of the aircraft in space is defined as

spatial disorientation.

A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs is defined as

spatial disorientation.

Pilots are more subject to spatial disorientation if

visual cues are taken away, as they are in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).