Professional Education Test 5 pre
A systematic plan to improve ones performance in learning is called a _______
strategy
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
1. physiological; 2. safety; 3. belongingness and love; 4. esteem; 5. self-actualization (motivation to learn is dampened when 1-4 are not met)
After constructing a test essay question, why should the teacher know and write an ideal response?
1. to identify with the question and student 2.to establish a standard for grading 3. to ensure the question is the most effective stimulus to obtain the answer
Acquiring BICS takes from 6 months to ____ years to acquire after initial exposure to the second language.
2
Pre-operational stage begins at what ages?
2 to 6 years old
PS/RtL uses a ______-tier delivery system
3
The EP team must meet at least once every _____ years for students in kindergarten through 8th grade and at least once every _____ years for students in grades 9-12
3 & 4
One semester hour of college credit equates to ___ inservice points.
20
When was the Interprofessional Education Collaborative founded?
2009
The FCAT uses _____ levels of cognitive complexity
3 levels
aptitude test
A standardized test designed to predict future performance in a subject area. C4
_______ is a willful rejection of parental obligation with no provisions for the child's support and no effort to communicate with the child.
Abandonment
Equations are:
Abstract (challenging)
This learner is able to process symbolic, abstract representations of information.
Abstract learners
This is the tendency to strive for success and to choose goal oriented, success/failure activities.
Achievement motivation
listening
Active ___________ improves communication by ensuring that the speaker is correctly heard.
Felxible Scheduling (ELL)
Addititonal time, but each test session must be completed within one school day.
idiom
An expression used by the speakers of a language that usually doesn't make sense if taken literally. C7
Eating disorder that one starves themself
Anorexia Nervosa
peer-teaching
Any activity carried out by a student or students.
What is Competency 4?
Apply relationship-building values and the principles of team dynamics to perform effectively in different team roles to plan, deliver, and evaluate patient/population- centered care and population health programs and policies that are safe, timely, efficient, effective, and equitable
talent/ capable
Aptitude indicates natural __________ that can be developed over time, whereas ability measures how _______________ a student is to perform a skill without training.
content knowledge
Aptitude tests (for e.g., Cognitive Aptitude Test (CogAT) don't measure ___________ or work ethic.
Two important individuals associated with realism are?
Aristotle and Francis Bacon
Seriation
Arranging objects in sequential order.
PS/RTI
As soon as they occur, data based model
criterion-referenced assessment
Assessment that uses standardized tests to compare scores against a predetermined minimum standard of competency. C4
According the current research, what is an effective use of time at the beginning of the period? A. Let the group know that the work will take every minute of the period B. Post assignment on the board so student can begin work when they enter class C. Let the student know that in no uncertain terms that there will be consequences for fooling around D. Give the group a break time then signal "then signal" the beginning of work after a few seconds
B. Post assignment on the board so student can begin work when they enter class
Skinner is known for:
Behaviorism
_____________ is a learning theory based on using immediate consequences to either weaken or strengthen a learner's observable response.
Behaviorism
Behaviorism
Behaviorism is a learning theory based on using immediate consequences to either weaken or strengthen a learners observable response. A consequence is a pleasant or unpleasant effect that follows a behavior and influences whether it will occur again. Other key ideas associated with this include positive and negative reinforcement, intrinsic and extrinsic reinforcers, extinction, reinforcement schedule, and shaping.
This refers to features such as table of contents, chapters, glossary, and index
Book Structure
The son of a slave, advocated for vocational education for African American as a way for them to escape poverty
Booker T Washington
regular
Both federal and state law indicate a preference for educating students with disabilities in the __________ education classroom.
11-13 grow most in size
Boys
This is a teaching strategy in which students generate ideas around a specific topic of interest.
Brainstorming
Autonomous
Break rules ---> and not always punished
This Court case Banned the practice of racial segregation in schools, striking down the notion of "separate buy equal" schooling
Brown vs. Board of Education
Eating disorder that involves self-induced vomitting
Bulimia
Computer assisted instruction (CAI)
Can be used for individualized instruction
This is a vocabulary development activity whereby students enhance their understanding of key words by graphically mapping them.
Context word mapping
Developmentally appropriate practice
Consist of 12 principles that create a framework that takes into account typical patterns of physical, social, and cognitive development of students in order to optimize student learning and to promote social growth.
Students learn best when they are actively engaged in _____ their own understandings.
Constructing
This is a learner-centered approach to teaching that emphasizes teaching for understanding, predicated on the concept that students construct knowledge by making connections between present learning experiences and the existing knowledge they already possess.
Constructivism
standards and curriculum
Content complexity refers to the level of cognitive demand associated with... (C1)
Competency 5 (12%)
Continuous improvement: knowledge of relevant continuous professional improvement.
Kohlberg is know for:
Conventions of Six Stages
IntER
Cooperatively Working
8-12 months
Coordination of Reactions (sensorimotor stage): children repeat actions intentionally, comprehend cause and effect and combine schemas (concepts). What age?
The _______/_____law restricted copying of copyrighted material including text, audio, video, etc. But under ___/_____ teachers can do limited copying but the amount needs to be brief and the use must not be long term
Copyright law/Fair Use
disaggregated classroom data
Data from a teacher's students that are broken down by subgroups according to student characteristics.
Functional behavior assessment
Data from progress monitoring should be reviewed systematically to make necessary adjustment to intervention. One process that works hand-in-hand with progress monitoring is
Is the process of using an accepted rule to draw a conclusion about a specific example
Deductive reasoning
ESL
English as a Second Language
Criterion-Referenced Assessment
Each student is measured against uniform objectives or criteria.
The FAC requires gifted students to have an ______/_____
Educational Plan EP
This educator developed a life-cycle conception of personality development. According to this person, people go through a series of major crises as they proceed through life. What is this educators name.
Erik Erikson
ESE
Exceptional Student Education
This is the process of weakening and eventually eliminating the occurrence of a behavior usually though the removal or withholding of reinforcement.
Extinction
True or False: Every student must have a Social Security number in order to enroll in school.
False
True or False: Detention is an example of negative reinforcement?
False
True or False: Comprehension is an inactive process
False
Pre-plan
Going through the lesson mentally from a student's point of view and anticipating explanations, Information, directions, additional instruction, and so on that they will need in order to carry out the lesson successfully.
Victor of Aveyron
He is considered as the first special education student.
This stage Children see rules as unbreakable and unchangeable. This stage is called.
Heteronomous morality stage
alone
High-ability students need opportunities to work ___________ and also with other high-ability students.
A web address matching the query posed to a search engine, or an occurrence of accessing a website by an Internet User
Hit
to grade/ less feedback
Holistic scoring is the easiest _____________ but provides ________ than other types of scoring.
McKinney-Vento Act
Homeless cannot be segregated
A developmental psychologist, established the theory of multiple intelligence, strong influence on teaching/learning modaltists
Howard Gardner
This Educator proposed the theory of multiple intelligences.
Howard Gardner
This encompasses tow components: Knowledge of human development and knowledge of how learning occurs.
Human development and learning
lesson objectives
Identifying the ________________ is the first step in using backward design to plan a lesson.
15
In high school, it is not unreasonable to expect students to do 7 to __ hours of homework per week.
pragmatics
In linguistics: it is commonly known as the speaker's intent
0-3 months
In normal receptive language development, at what age do babies recognize the sound of your voice?
Biological Needs
In stage one of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, physical needs for air, food, water, shelter, comfort, sex, and sleep are primary sources of motivation. What is the name of the stage?
heteronomous morality
In this stage, children see rules as unbreakable and unchangeable even if everyone agrees to change them.
vocal inflection
In verbal communication, _____________ is a change of pitch or tone to express meaning (e.g., "His name is John?" and "His name is John").
IEP
Individual Education Plan
Cooperative learning
Instruction allows students to assume responsibility for their own learning as they work together to complete a project or activity. Enter personal, small group social skills that are lifelong abilities vital to democratic decisions of citizenship and teamwork in the workplace.
Competency 1 (18%)
Instructional Design and Planning: knowledge of instructional design and planning.
Competency 3 (18%)
Instructional delivery: Knowledge of instructional delivery and facilitation through a comprehensive understanding of subject matter.
This is a clearly written statement of what students are expected to know and be able to do as a result of an instructional learning experience.
Instructional objective
explicit teaching
Instructional strategies for direct instruction include ____________, which is focused and unambiguous teaching of a specific skills ot standard.
i-SAFE America Inc..has partnered with the FDOE to provide free professional development in prevention-oriented _____ safety.
Internet
An entity that provides paid access to the Internet.
Internet Service Proder (ISP)
Roles and Responsibilities of Registered Nurse:
Interpret patient information and make critical decisions about needed actions Coordinate care, in collaboration with a wide array of healthcare professionals Direct and supervise care delivered by other healthcare personnel like nurses aides
An internal network restricted to users within an organization.
Intranet
This is the manner in which an individual perceives and processes information in learning situations.
Learning Style
Objective Teaching
Less teacher judgment. multiple choice Questions. Fill in the Blanks Questions.
LEP
Limited English Proficient
Competency 8
Literacy strategies: Knowledge of affective literacy strategies that can be applied across the curriculum to impact student learning.
A short distance network (less than 500 meters) used to link a group of computers with a room, building or campus.
Local area Network (LAN)
This reflects the degree to which students feel they have power over forces in their lives
Locus of Control
This involves the higher-level thinking processes that are used to make decisions or draw conclusions.
Logical Reasoning
An Italian educator, introduced a child-centered teaching methodology designed around developmentally appropriate practices.
Maria Montessori
The first compulsory education law was passed in
Massachusetts
measures of central tendency
Mean, median and mode are known collectively as
rote
Memorization through isolated drill. C4
Schemas
Mental Structures
Students self-evaluate and self-monitor how how well they understand while they read. The process of self-monitoring is called
Metacognition
This is the process of thinking about and monitoring one's own thinking.
Metacognition
MTSS Multi tiered system of support
Multi-Tiered System of Support Is an integrated data driven model of academic and behavioral instruction and intervention.
In Florida, __________ is probably best defined as celebrating diversity.
Multiculturalism
Before planning a lesson, a teacher must first determine instructional long-term goals appropriate to student needs. The goals must be based on the ____/_____/______/______/_______
Next Generation Sunshine State Standards (NGSSS)
Which tests limit the number of students who can score well?
Norm-referenced tests, because each students who completes the exam is ranked with the % scores in relation to the sample.
4-5 years of age
Normal development of language abilities: follows several unrelated commands
Raw Score
Number Correct
A child who recognizes that objects continue to exist even when the objects are no longer visible has acquired _____/________
Object Permanence
Each teacher must be appraised by the principal at least _____ per year.
Once
What are two type of summative assessments?
Outcome assessments and report cards.
_______ is a way to provide high-quality instruction in a variety of learning settings to meet the needs of students.
PS/RtL
When a district has any teacher teaching out-of-field, the _____ of all students is the class shall be notified in writing of such assignment.
Parents
This is the decision-making process teachers use to develop instructional plans.
Planning
This means being prepared each day with lesson plans and everything needed to implement those plans
Planning
is critical to successful alignment of curriculum, instruction, & assessment
Planning
Initiation v. Guilt
Play is both real and fake
three important principles of literacy instruction.
Preschoolers without a knowledge of print, older students without previous schooling, and the partially literate who may have acquired some decoding skills in their primary language but whose overall level of literacy does not provide them useful access to print - these groups need special treatment. Appropriate programs for these learners adhere to three important principles of literacy instruction that include that literacy is introduced in a meaningful way, the link between oral language and print is made as naturally as possible, and students have the opportunity to enjoy reading and writing.
Homework in high school is used to...
Primarily improve their academic achievement.
is a discrepancy between what is and what could be
Problem
When should progress monitor assessment should be used?
Progress monitoring should occur routinely (weekly, biweekly, or monthly) and use valid and reliable assessments that are sensitive to small changes in student academic performance.
William Kilpatrick
Project method
This learning is when students investigate real-world problems and then share their findings.
Project-Based Learning or Problem-Based Learning
Conferences and interviews
Provide an opportunity for the teacher to discuss and question a student about what the student know is able to do.
deductive reasoning
Reasoning that begins with basic assumptions or facts and proceeds to a logical conclusion. C3
inductive reasoning
Reasoning that involved looking at specific examples and trying to identify a pattern or trend that fits the given examples in order to determine a general rule. C3
evaluative reasoning
Reasoning that involves some kind of value judgment. C3
differential reasoning
Reasoning used to decide how items are different. C3
Low Complexity
Recall, identify, locate, or recognize facts or information and demonstrate simple skills or abilities
Cognitive
Recall-knowledge Synthesis-new ideas
DOK
Recalling Applying-math problems thinking-abstract to authors Reasoning
_________________________ teaching, developed by Palincsar and Brown (1984), is designed to increase students' reading comprehension.
Reciprocal
Is an instructional strategy, developed by Palinscar and Brown, which is designed to increase students reading comprehension.
Reciprocal Teaching
meta cognitive thinking
Self-examination and self-evaluation are both examples of what?
intrinsic motivation
Self-motivation from within the student. C3
This is the ability to learn and solve problems on ones own without assistance.
Self-regulation
Teachers Should or Should NOT investigate before making a child abuse report?
Should Not
Mode
Should not be used as the only measure of central tendency!
Associative Play
Side by side playing, talking, little focus
Words that readers should immediately recognize
Sight words
English learners
Specific scores on state-selected language and achievement tests are designated as cutoff points that determine when _________________ no longer require English Language programs and services.
NGSSS
Specifies the core content knowledge and skills that K-12 public school students are expected to acquire for language arts, mathematics, science, social studies, visual and performing arts, physical Ed, health and, foreign languages.
Constitutional Amendment VI
Speedy trial
What are signs of Emotional distress?
Sudden changes in personality, behavior, or academic performance, anxiety, mood swings, sadness, depression, weight loss/gain, etc.
Preparing a brief synopsis that contains the essential ideas of a longer passage or selection is called
Summarizing
qualitative
Surveys are somewhat subjective; therefore they are______________________ (research).
Refers to communication protocols used to connect hosts on the Internet.
TCP/IP
self-management
Teaching which of the following skills requires a more active role from the students and a more collaborative role from the teachers?
P. Reinforcers
Tangible/ Privileges
Homework time should be
Ten Times there grade level.
Rule of thumb for homework time
Ten times a students grade level in minutes.
Traditional Assessment
Term used to describe a traditional teacher-made test composted of: True and False, multiple choice, etc.
12-18 months
Tertiary Circular Reactions (sensorimotor stage): children experiment with trial-and-error. What age?
Compare/Contrast is a type of _____/______
Test structure
10 days
The school must give an oral or written notice of charges and opportunity to respond to charges when students are suspended for more than ________.
direct instruction
The best instructional method for teaching reading is _______ _________________.
Content complexity refers to...?
The level of cognitive demand that standards and curriculum place on learners. Adopting webs 2002 depth of knowledge model there are four levels of complexity: 1. Recall 2. Basic application of concept & skills 3. Strategic thinking and complex reasoning 4. Extended thinking and complex reasoning.
Learning style
The manner in which an individual procedures and processes information and learning situations
Standardized testing
The mechanism used to ensure that students have met common core standards is...
Median
The midpoint when the scores are listed from lowest to highest (or highest to lowest).
Focus
The teacher gains students' attention, explains the instructional objectives of the lesson, communicate expectations for the lesson, and links the lesson objective to students prior knowledge.
prior knowledge, language abilities, learning styles
There are three factors that have a significant impact on the higher order thinking skills so essential to mastery of the Florida State Standards (FSS).
Discovery Learning
This encourages students to be active learners of new skills and concepts.
MTSS
Tiered academic and behavior
Purpose of assessments is...
To promote student learning and development.
An appropriate professional development offering by a district would be one that focuses on technology.
True
the NAEP measures what
U.S. students' level of academic achievement over time and is also an external check of the state's achievement
An internet address which consists of several parts including the protocol, the server where the web pages resides, the path and the file name of the resource.
URL- Uniform Resource Locator
Grade equivalent score
Used to describe a students' performance in comparison to the performance of an average student at a specified grade level.
Tertiary Circular Reactions (sensorimotor stage)
Which Piaget's stage: 12-18 months
reverse psychology
When a person (say, a teacher) tries to get another person (say, a student) to do something by asking the student to do the opposite of what the teacher really wants the student to do. C3
Summative
_________ assessment provides the student with information about mastery of learning goals.
Approximately 5%
_____________________need individual intervention in addition to teir one and two support.
solitary play
a child plays alone
When should rubrics be given to students?
before, during and after
Indentity v. Role Confusion
identity Searching
field _______________ (having the ability to perceive objects without being influenced by the background)
independent
body language
indicates the listener's respect for the speaker and interest in the speaker's message
mean, median, and mode
measures of central tendency
What are some examples of controlled interruptions?
missing supplies, late to class. They are minor disruptions that can be minimized with procedures that are already in place.
If a large number of the scores are the same, the __________ can be used to report which score or scores occurred most often— but only if used in conjunction with the mean and/ or median.
mode
Reflective Practitioners
monitor and assess whether their teaching is effective
Normed-reference test
norm-referenced test (such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress) is one that assesses students by comparing their performance to that of a norm group. Usually, the norm group is representative of students of the same age or grade level as the test-takers.
References, material, and technologies should relate directly to learning _______
objectives
"Will you explain how you got that answer?" is an example of probing that could lead to a student _______ his or her own error
self-correcting
redirecting
Posing a question or prompt to other students for response or to add new insights.
This form of punishment involves giving an undesirable consequence (for example, extra work) in order to deter undesirable behavior.
Positive punishment
Positive punishment
Positive punishment involves giving an undesirable consequence (for example, extra work) in order to deter undesirable behavior.
shaping
Positive reinforcement of successful completion of steps toward a desired learning goal or behavior. C1&C2
Intrinsic Motivational Teaching
Role Playing Remove Threats Supportive Games Variety of Strategies Background Knowledge
1 year - 2 years (expressive)
Sequence of language development: talks in one- then two-word phrases; produces growing number of words. What age?
1 year-2 years (receptive)
Sequence of language development: understand growing number of words. What age?
Step-by-Step Problems are:
Sequential ( In order)
Organizing information using a linear, step-by-step approach is called?
Sequential Organizers
The student reads one-on-one with an adult
Student-adult reading
By state law, a teachers primary professiona concern will always be for the _____ and the development of the _______ potential.
Student/Student's
In classroom discussions, it is important that _____ do most of the talking
Students
Students learn how to convert letters or letter combinations into sounds and then how to blend the sounds together to form recognizable words: C-A-T=Cat
Synthetic Phonics
Assessments should be
Systematic and ongoing bot formal and informal
Instructionally embedded assessment use
Systematic observational methods along with checklists, interviews and questioning while students are engaged in learning activities.
needs assessment
Systematic process to identify areas in need of improvement. C4
Extrinsic
Tangible/Grades
Direct instruction is a (learner-centered or teacher-centered) instructional strategy?
Teacher Centered
Direct Instruction
Teacher led but is Student Centered
indirect
Teacher provide ___________support by helping students develop self-regulation skills to monitor their progress and to take an active role in developing and assessing their learning goals.
interdisciplinary team
Teacher should have opportunities to learn from each other and thereby improve the educational experiences of students. They may do this as part of an (C5)
Constructivist
Teacher-Centered
This legal act requires teachers in Florida to provide needed modifications and accommodations to students with disabilities.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
This law required that parents must see to their childrens education
The Massachusetts Law of 1642
Symbolic thought
The ability to mentally represent objects, events, and actions—as evidenced through the use of language and make-believe play.
Reversibility
The ability to mentally reverse and operation
Musical rhythmic intelligence
The ability to recognize musical and rhythmic patterns and sounds
social learning theory
The learning theory based on the assumption that people can learn from observing other people's behavior and consequences to those behaviors.
Raw score
The total number correct responses on an assessment
Summative assessments
The type of assessment most often used to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction is ...
Advantage to criterion-referenced tests over norm-referenced tests?
Their diagnostic, placement and remediation use.
The organization of instruction around a central topic is called______
Thematic
This type of instruction is the result when a teacher designs one or more lessons around a central theme or topic.
Thematic Instruction
What does the Interprofessional Education Collaborative's 4 IPE Competency Domains do?
They offer a framework to structure the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors necessary for effective collaboration across health care professions
evaluation-level thinking
Thinking that requires students to use criteria or standards to form judgments or opinions about the value of a topic or phenomenon being considered. C3
Criterion-referenced tests
This form of assessment fosters cooperation and is oriented to success.
informal classroom assessment
Types include teacher observations, anecdotal records, classroom questioning, checklists, guided practice, student activities, portfolios and work samples, projects and products, teacher-made quizzes and tests, and homework. Typically these measures are not standardized or normed but can be used in conjunction with formal standardized assessments to triangulate data to corroborate results.
educational placement
Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the parents of a child with disabilities who has been placed in ESE in Florida have the right to participate in the decision-making process regarding the ________________ ______________ of their child.
Class inclusion
Understanding of the relationship between a whole and its parts
literal comprehension
Understanding the written words of a text. C8
early multi-word stage
This stage is characterized by the early use of grammatical elements and the repetition of longer sentences.
task-based instruction
This type of instruction involves teaching of language by means of age appropriate tasks that require meaningful communication. E.g., language skills may be taught in the context of group activities such as the creation oof a class newspaper or website.
Decided that teachers in Florida are held to a high moral standard by virtue of their positions
Tomerlin vs Dade School Board
_____________ __________ is a term used to describe a traditional teacher-made test composed of true-false, multiple-choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, or essay (commonly called constructed response) questions.
Traditional assessment
T or F: Research shows that effective health care teams are a factor in improved patient safety and quality of patient-centered care
True
T or F: The pharmacy education accrediting body, the American Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), has included IPE in their 2016 Standards and Guidelines for Accreditation for the PharmD program
True
trust v. mistrust
0-18 months
A decentralized, worldwide system of discussion groups called newsgroups.
Usenet
Instructionally Embedded Assessment
Uses Systematic observational methods along with checklist, interviews, and questioning while students are engaged.
Ionic Mode
Uses graphics and images to learn
reflective
Using _______________ practice enables teachers to connect the classroom to recent research.
Metacognition
A term used to describe what, how, and why people know what they know when they know it.
Physical Prompting
Using a physical clue (pointing or gesturing) to help elicit or complete a child's production
Stanine Scores
Usually are derived from percentiles and compare test performance using nine intervals that are numbered in order from 1 to 9.
Stanine
Usually derived from percentiles and compare test performance using nine intervals that are ordered from 1 to 9. 5th stanine is the middle interval b/w 40th-60th
Mean
Usually the best indicator of the average
12+/formal operation stage
According to Piaget, at what age do children begin thinking deductively? What stage of cognitive development?
What three elements does a well written instruction or objective consist of?
Action, what the student will do; conditions, the circumstances in which the action will take place; and level of mastery, the level of proficiency expected for the action.
Well-written instructional objectives consist of 3 elements. What are they?
Action-what will the student do Conditions-circumstances in which the action will take place level of mastery-proficiency expected for the action
Universal Ethics
Actions that are taken out of duty and obligation to a purely moral ideal rather than based on the needs of the situation, since the universal principles are seen to apply to everyone, everywhere, all the time.
Listening in a way that indicates to the speaker that you are paying attention and hearing the speakers message is called ______ listening
Active
As a student is talking, the teacher leans forward slightly and smiles at the student. This teacher behavior is an example of ?
Active Listening...all others are incorrect because those
screening assessments
Administer to all students that is, state-wide, district-wide, grade-level or classroom. Typically given up three points during the school year (BOY/MOY/EOY).
__________________ involves fitting new information into existing mental structures, which Piaget called schema.
Assimilation
The three basic processes to learning
Assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration.
Piagets Processes
Assimilations-new in old Accommodations- modify new info schemas Equilibration- learning to reason mental structures
False Cause
Assuming that a first thing caused a second thing because the first thing preceded the second thing in time
Faulty Analogy
Assuming that because two things are alike in some respects, they are alike in all respects.
Communication in which there is a time delay between sending and receiving messages?
Asynchronous communication
Quartiles
Values that divide an ordered data set into four portions, each containing approximately one-fourth of the data.
LZ
Code designating a former K-12 ELL student who exited the ESOL program more than 2 years ago. C7
LF
Code designating a former K-12 ELL who exited the English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) program within the last 2 years. C7
According to Piaget, ______ or thinking, is an active and interactive process that develops in stages.
Cognition
Refers to the level of cognitive demand associated with test items.
Cognitive Complexity
List the 3 domains in Blooms Classification
Cognitive Domain-is the category for learning that involves thinking capabilities from recalling simple facts to judging the quality of an argument Affective Domain- is the category for learning that involves feeling, values, and dispositions. Psychomotor Domain- is the category for learning that involves manual, athletic, and other physical skills.
Extinction
Variable unpredictable schedules tend to have steady high response rates and be resistant to extinction, while behaviors that are reinforced on a fixed, predictable schedule have an even response rates and drop off quickly after reinforcement is removed.
This instruction is a learner-centered instructional strategy based on the constructivist belief "that learning is an active process, that it has social aspects, and that is is context specific?
Constructivist instruction
recall
Content complexity level 1: ______, identify, locate or recognize facts or information and demonstrate simple skills or abilities. C1
basic application of concepts & skills
Content complexity level 2: demonstrate comprehension and processing of information. C1
Alfred Binet
Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children
This refers to a teachers conduct as a certified professional educator.
Ethics
This is the natural tendency to view ones own cultural or familial ways of doing things as best and most acceptable.
Ethnocentrism
Outcome assessments are used to...
Evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional program.
_________ text is explanatory text
Expository
Effect size
Expresses in standard deviations the difference between the increased or decreased achievement of an experimental group with that f a control group.
P. Punishment
Extra Work
During the explore component of a 5E lesson, the teachers role is as a ?
Facilitator
Grade level collaborative groups that meet regularly primarily for joint planning are learning communities.
False
One-day or short-term workshops are recomended by the Federal NCLB Act
False
True or False: Bruner believed that children learn best through direct instruction?
False
True or False: By case law, teachers lose the right to make public statements of any kind when the become employed by a school district.
False
True or False: Corporal punishment is illegal in Florida Public Schools?
False
True or False: Worksheets and drills are the hallmarks of effective instruction?
False
True or False: Grouping low-ability students together provides a risk-free environment that makes them feel like they can succeed.
False: never single out students
dependent
Field ___________ learners process information holistically, are active in social situations, like to work in groups and choose fields requiring interpersonal, nonscientific orientation, such as history, art or social work.
independent
Field ______________ learners process information in parts, are passive in social situations, tend to be less influenced by peers, like working alone, and choose fields like math, science and engineering.
A standardized Internet procedure for transferring files from one computer to another.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
The formatting language of the Internet, used to create web pages and specify how they will appear on screen
HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
A ______ is an educated guess.
Hypothesis
_____is based on the belie that ideas are the only true reality
Idealism
Roles and Responsibilities of a Physical Therapist
Identification of risk factors for neuromuscular injuries in the workplace Strengthening, stretching, and endurance exercise programs; postural training to prevent job-related disabilities, including trauma and repetitive stress injuries Exercise programs, gait training and balance and coordination activities to reduce the risk of falls— and the risk of fractures from falls—in older adults Exercise programs and instruction in ADL (self-care, communication and mobility skills required for independence in daily living) and instrumental activities of daily living
mastery level
Instructional objectives should consist of three parts: action, what the student will do; conditions, the circumstances in which the action will take place; and __________ ______, the level of proficiency expected for the action.
beginning of a unit instruction
Instructional strategies for use at the ____________________ Setting Learning Goals 1. Identify clear learning goals 2. Allow students to identify and record their own learning goals.
End of a Unit
Instructional strategies for use at the____________________ Helping students determine how well they have achieved their goals 1. Provide students with clear assessments of their progress on each learning goal. 2. Have students assess themselves on each learning goal and compare these assessments with those of the teacher. 3. Ask students to articulate what they have learned about the content and about themselves as learners.
This focuses on learning the target language in context
Integrated language teaching
censorship
Intellectual freedom is the right to receive information from various perspective without _________________.
Copyrighted Material
Intellectual propety
Interdisciplinary
Inter means two or more disciplines
RA 7836
It is an act to strengthen the regulation and supervision of the practice of teaching in the Philippines and prescribing a Licensure Examination for Teachers.
Praise has been shown to be most effective when?
It is authentic and low-key and is used frequently
accommodation
requires modifying current schema or creating new schema in order to take the new data or information into account
phonics
teaches the students the relationship between the letters of written language and their individual sounds of spoken language
private speech
the self-talk learners use to monitor and guide themselves as they work through a problem or complete a learning task
A morpheme is
the smallest unit of meaning in the language.
achievement motivation
the tendency to strive for success and to choose goal-oriented, success/failure activities
The most important reason for a teacher to engage in professional development...
to acquire skills and knowledge that will enhance student learning
The goal of IPE is:
to develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes that result in interprofessional team competence
why should teachers assess?
to diagnose weaknesses and strengths, monitor progress, determine instructional effectiveness
in Deductive teaching, the teacher provides
various examples
teacher-made assessments
what instrument should be developed at the same time as the goal and outcomes are planned
PS of PS/RtI, what are the four questions that help identify solutions to both academic and behavioral concerns
what is the problem, why is this happening, what are we going to do about it, how well is it working
assessments
what provides feedback to teachers regarding their own effectiveness
normed scores
what scores are reported so that schools can compare the performance of the students with the performance of students who the test developers used as it norm group
action
what the student will do
interventions, strategies
With regard to the Individual Educational Plan (IEP) team of a student with a disability, at least one regular education teacher of the student serves on the IEP team. As a member of the IEP team, the regular education teacher assists with determining _____________ and _______________ for the student. (C6)
each state
______________is ultimately responsible for adopting its own curriculum standards and developing a system for accountability.
coaching
______________provides training towards the achievement of a goal while maintaining the learner as the lead participant in the learning process.
Tittle II
_____________of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination based on disabilities for all public entities, including access to educational facilities.
onlooker play
a child watches another child play, but does not join in
operational definition
a clear and precise definition of a learning goal that should be performed as well as an accurate means to measure that goal as students strive to achieve it
Non-directive statements show?
a student that a teacher is listening, but not making a judgment or pointing the conversation in a specific direction
Flexible Seating (ESE)
a students way be given a test over short intervals or given the test in a seperate testing room.
Naturalism
a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.
Self-directed learning
a style of learning in which the student takes the responsibility or initiative for his or her learning
Report card
a summative assessment that reflects a Student's academic performance relative to established learning criteria.
strategy
a systematic approach for learning involving flexible, adaptable, and conscious use of knowledge, reading, and learning to predict, confirm, and integrate as they read
A ridirect occurs when...
a teacher asks one student to react to the response of another student
criterion-referenced test
a test that assesses students by comparing their performance to a per-determined level of mastery (ex: FCAT)
norm-referenced test
a test that assesses students by comparing their performance to that of a norm group (ex: California Achievement Test)
unbiased test
a test that does not unfairly favor a particular group
peer tutoring
a trained student teaches same-age classmates or a younger student
field trip
a trip for observation and education
percentile
a value at or below which P percent of the data fall
content word mapping
a vocabulary development activity whereby students enhance their understanding of key words by graphically mapping them
A course of reasoning offered in support of a position is called a _______
argument
To effectively teach all students, teachers need to be aware of individual cultural _____ among students.
differences
A high-bandwidth technology for connecting to the Internet that permits data transmission at far greater speeds than standard dial-up service
digital subscriber line DSL
An approach to teaching that explicitly informs students as to the nature of a reading strategy, how it works, why it should be used, and where and when to use it is....
direct instruction
prior knowledge
information the student already knows about a topic or reading assignment
A transition statement is used for...
informing a student of what the expected tasks are as the class moves from one subject to another
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of creative thinkers? A. Curiosity B. Inhibition C. Open-Mindedness D. Confidence
inhibition
A device that is sued to put information INTO a computer, such as a keyboard, mouse, etc
input device
indirect instruction
inquiry learning/discovery learning is when students construct meaning on their own.
Students with a strong sense of ___ are more likely to challenge themselves with difficult tasks and be intrinsically motivated.
efficacy
Erikson is know for his:
eight ages 0-Adult
IDEA requires that states provide a free appropriate public education to children with disabilities in the _________-restrictive environment
least
carefully planned objectives and assessment instruments serve as ____ development guides for teacher
lesson
level 3 complexity
level 3 complexityin reading, determining the authors purpose is
refers to qualities of an assessment instruments that offend or unfairly penalize a group of student b/c of students' gender, race, ethnicity, socio-ecomonic status, religion, or other such group defining characteristics
assessment bias
peer assessment
assessment by students of their classmates' products or performances Though lacks validity is a great exercise for practicing critical thinking and evaluation-level thinking skills.
Criteron-Reference
assessment that reasures student performance against a fixed set of predetermined criteria
Emphasize individual progress rather than______?
competition
field _________________(having the ability to perceive objects as a whole rather than as individual parts).
dependent
In inductive thinking students...
derive concepts and definitions based on the information provided to them, (given to them) which can be fostered through personal-discovery activities
discovery learning
designed to encourage students to be active learners while exploring new concepts, developing new skills, and figuring things out for themselves
E-mail should not take the place of ______ parent-teacher conferences.
face-to-face
Florida law requires documentation that professional development resulted in ______ student achievement.
increased
teacher who plan social events for students should keep in mind that field ____ learners are likely to be passive during the event (dependent or independent)
independent
Reasoning from the specific to the general is called ____ reasoning
inductive
"Good Job" is an example of ________ praise
ineffective---because its not specific
1-4 months
infants find accidental actions like thumb-sucking pleasurable and then intentionally repeat them (Primary Circular Reactions of sensorimotor stage) What age?
Flavell
meta cognition was created by who?
A discovery learning lesson is...
one where the class is organized to learn through their own active involvement in the lesson
divergent questions
open-ended questions that allow many correct responses (good)
Critical thinkers can distinguish fact from ______?
opinion
prompting
or asking leading questions is the technique of providing hints or suggestions to encourage students to keep trying and not give up
A device that is used to get information OUT of a computer such as a monitor, printer, speaker or headphones
output device
When a district has any teacher teaching out-of-field, the ___ of all students in the class shall be notified in writing of such assignment.
parents
Stakeholders
people who are invested in the success of the school and its students. Ex. students, parents, teachers, adminstration, community memebers, and buisness owners.
NRT scores are usually reported as
percentile scores
The appraisal system must be based primarily on the ____ of teachers' students.
performance
these type of standards identify the level of proficiency at which educators want a content standard mastered...also referred to as "student academic achievement standards"
performance standards
Florida Alternative Assessment
performance-based alternative assessment of student mastery of Access Point
student self-assessment
performed by the students (e.g., grading their own papers, group participation, and portfolio assessment)
early childhood
period of development from 1 to 6 years of age
A device that is connected to a computer but operates separately form the central processing unit of the computer. (keyboard, monitor, printer, etc.
peripheral
cephalocaudal progression
physical development of children proceeds from head to toe
Students diagnosed with Autism spectrum disorder would not exhibit a delay in...
physical growth
needs are
physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization, and deficiency needs
category for leaning that involves manual, athletic, and other physical skills (COG) Creative movement > Ordinate Movement > Generic Movement
physomotor - (COG)
Information obtained in the evaluation process for IPDPs should be used as part of the needs assessment for ____ the IPDP for the subsequent school year.
planning
reinforcement
pleasant consequence that follows a behavior, is an essential strategy associated with a behavioristic approach to learning.
consequence
pleasant or unpleasant effect that follows a behavior and influences whether it will occur again
Play (Gestwiki)
pleasurable, spontaneous, self-motivated, and freely chosen activity which is said to be a developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood because play supports children's cognitive, physical, emotional, and social development.
A software piece that is used to alter or enhance a program or system
plug-in
Using praise to foster competition among students is ______ practice
poor
A website or service that offers an array of resources and services such as email, search engines and online shopping
portal
what are some types of authentic assessments that measure student progress
portfolio, self-assessment, projects, observations, checklists, anecdotal records, and peer assessment
Redirecting is the technique of
posing a question or prompt to students for a response or to add new insights.
Teachers should try to find something_______ to say about a students response prior to pointing out errors
positive
When using extrinsic reinforcement, most teachers prefer to use ____________ ___________, in the form of things given to students (such as tangible rewards or special privileges)
positive reinforcement
referent power
power deriving from one's personal attraction
Development occurs in a relatively _______ sequence
predictable
if an assessment does not measure what it is supposed to measure, then its ___ does not matter
reliability
a test must be ___ before it can be valid; however, measurements can be consistent without being ___
reliable, valid
According to the operant model in behavior theory, negative reinforcement is...
removing a stimulus which causes a behavior to increase. All reinforcement increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again.
Active listening skills include:
repetition, paraphrasing, summarizing, asking questions
bell-shaped curve
represents the chance or normal distribution of skills, knowledge, or events across the general population
subjective questions
require more teacher judgement in the scoring process.
According to Piaget Accommodation requires...
requires modifying current schema or creating new schema in order to take the new data or information into account
8-10 grow most in size
Girls
What is Interprofessional Education (IPE)?
"Interprofessional education occurs when students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes. "
In order to meet this standard, the PharmD curriculum of a particular pharmacy school should prepare:
"all students to provide entry-level, patient-centered care in a variety of settings as a contributing member of an interprofessional team."
Token reinforcement
"points" or things that don't have value but can add up to and/or be exchanged for something of value. What type of reinforcement?
locus of causality
(1) in attribution theory, a person's perception of whether the cause of their success or failure at a task is internal (due to personal factors, such as effort and ability) or external (due to external factors, such as luck or chance); (2) in self-determination theory, a person's perception of whether the origin of their reasons for engaging in a behavior is internal (done willingly and out of free choice) or external (done because they are compelled or required to do so, either by external pressure from others or because of self-imposed pressures).
When a parent, teacher, or other member of the school staff raises a concern about a student's behavior or academic progress, a _________________ is assembled to collect and review information about the student to decide how best to meet the student's educational needs.
(CST) Child Study Team
The___________team is the group of individuals who make decisions about the ESE services provided to students identified as gifted.
(EP) Education Plan
the ____________ team is the group of individuals who make decisions about the services and accommodations or modifications provided to a student with a disability.
(IEP) Individual Education Plan
Z-Score
(raw score- mean) /Standard deviation
Roles and Responsibilities of Occupational Therapists
-----Work with other members of the health care team and use physical and psychosocial methods to help people adapt to or compensate for the physical and emotional affects of disabilities -----They help patients achieve independence in all facets of their lives-at home, work, school and community settings through improving their motor function, interaction and reasoning abilities -----Work with patients to learn (or re-learn) skills necessary to lead independent productive lives. Examples of skills include bathing, dressing, cooking, driving and using technology -----Provide comprehensive home and job site evaluations and provide special environmental adaptations and equipment recommendations to help individuals function independently and safely n their environments
6 E learning cycle model
1 engagement, 2 exploration, 3 explanation, 4 elaboration, 5 evaluation and 6 E-search
6+1 lesson model
1 focus, 2 objective, 3 direct instruction, 4 guided practice, 5 independent practice and assessment, closure, and 7 required equipment and materials
7 learning styles
1 visual, 2 Aural, 3 verbal/linguistic, 4 physical/ kinesthetic, 5 logical/ mathematical, 6 social/ interpersonal, 7 solitary/ intrapersonal
Formal Operational
12-Adult Abstract
To renew a professional certificate teachers must earn the equivalent of a minimum of _____ in-service points during each renewal period
120
Metacognitive strategies can be achieved through the following steps:
1. Direct explanation 2. Modeling 3. Guided practice 4. Application
To renew professional certificates, teachers must earn a minimum of ____ inservice points during each renewal period.
120
The compulsory school attendance laws apply to all children between the ages of 6 and _____ years
16
Kizlik's lesson cycle model
1. Focus 2. explanation 3. check for understanding 4. Guided practice 5. closure 6. independent practice 7. reteach and extend.
What are the basic steps of a lesson cycle model? 7 steps
1. Focus (gain attention) 2. Explanation 3. Check for understanding 4. Guided Practice 5. Closure 6. Independent Practice 7. Reteach and Extend
Five critical attributes of cooperative learning:
1. Positive interdependence, 2. individual accountability, 3. group processing of social skills, 4. face-to-face promotive interaction, 5. effective interpersonal interaction.
The five areas of second language development are?
1. Pre-Production-known as silent period 2. Early Production 3. Speech Emergence 4. Intermediate Fluency 5. Advanced Fluency
The principal must submit a written report of a teachers' appraisal to the teacher no later than ___ days after the appraisal takes place.
10
Boys usually being puberty at ages ____-_____
11-13
Autonomy v.Doubt
18 months to 3 years old
Teacher evaluation must have at least_______ % of the results on data and indicators of student learning growth for teachers who have been teaching for at least 3 years.
50
This team determines a students eligibility for special services under Section 504 writes the plan and is called the?
504 team
The EP team must meet at least once every _______ years for students in kindergarten through grade 8 and at least once every ___________ years for students in grades 9 through 12.
3, 4
Industry V. Inferiority
6-12 years old
At a minimum teachers should have _____ hours per year, during the school day, that are designated for professional learning.
30
Teachers must self-report within _____ hours to appropriate authorities any arrests/charges involving the abuse of a child.
48 hours
Concrete operations stage begins at what ages?
7 -11 years old
Concrete operational stage
7 to 11 - concrete thinking - can consider perspective of others
In high School, it is not unreasonable to expect students to do ___ to ____ hours of homework per week
7 to 15
Acquiring CALP takes from 5 years to ____ years to acquire after initial exposure to the second lanaguge
7 years
how many multiple intelligences are there
8
Girls usually begin puberty at ages ___-____
8-10
The No Child Left Behind Act of 201 requires that every student be technology literate by the end of the _____ grade?
8th grade
C. summative Summative Assessment - carried out at the END of units to aid learning
A 4th-grade team analyzes student test scores from the beginning and the end of the school year to determine whether to continue using the current core reading curriculum. Which of the following is the best type of assessment to use for this purpose? A. cognitive B. qualitative C. summative D. formative
What is section 504 plan ?
A Section 504 plan is designed to ensure that students with physical or mental disabilities that substantially limit a major life activity are provided with the same opportunity as other students without disabilities to learn at school (Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973). The team that determines a student's eligibility for special services under Section 504 writes the plan and is called the 504 team for the student.
self-monitoring
A _______-__________ checklist can be used to cue students to use specific strategies while problem-solving. The student checks off each step (such as "I read the problem and underlined key information") as it is completed.
decision tree
A ________ ____ is used to guide students in the decision-making process.
C. transfer.
A class has students from various cultural backgrounds. The teacher notices that students of like cultures are exhibiting similar skills and knowledge that differ from students of other cultures. This could be due to the impact of cultural knowledge on A. language. B. habits. C. transfer. D. interactions.
Portfolio Assessment
A collection of work produced by a student to check student effort, progress and achievement such as a list of books that the student read, a collection of tests and homework, etc.
positive behavior support
A continuum of policies and procedures implemented throughout the school for all students is called...
jigsawing
A cooperative learning method whereby group members become experts on an assigned topic that they then teach to others, after reorganizing into different groups, so that eventually all members of the class know all the content.
jigsaw
A cooperative learning model in which students are assigned to six-member teams to work on academic material that has been broken down into sections for each member.
PS/RtI
A data-based decision making model that enables educators to match instruction and or intervention to learners areas of specific need as soon as those needs become apparent.
Percentile rank
A derived score used to rank a students performance in relation to a specific group (for example, a representative sample of Florida students at the same grade level). Percentile tank of a students score is based on the percentage of scores in the comparison group that are the same or lower than it.
small group discussion
A discussion among four to six students in a group working independently of a teacher.
miscue analysis
A formal examination of a student's deviations from written text when reading (for example, reading a word incorrectly, inserting a word, or skipping a word)
What is the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Triple Aim?
A framework for optimizing health system performance by simultaneously focusing on the health of a population, the experience of care for individuals within that population, and the per capita cost of providing that care.
7.2
A grade-equivalent score of ____ on a 5th grade reading assessment indicates the student performs at the same level as a second-month 7th grader on that assessment, but does NOT mean that the student is ready for 7th grade reading material.
Histogram
A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data.
What's blooms taxonomy?
A guide to identifying and writing instructional objectives categorized as follows: the cognitive domain, the affective domain, the psycho motor domain.
constructivism
A learner-centered approach to teaching that emphasizes teaching for understanding predicated on the concept that students construct knowledge for themselves based on what they already know and by interactions with their environment. C1
cooperative incentive structure
A major motivational reason cooperative learning produces positive instructional outcomes is the... C1&C3
B. assigning select problems and grading them with specific feedback
A math teacher is in the initial stages of planning a unit. The teacher realizes homework will play an important role in student success. The teacher examines the following research table that displays the effectiveness of various approaches to assessing homework assignments. What approach to assigning homework will have the greatest positive impact on student performance? A. assigning homework daily and reviewing the problems on the board B. assigning select problems and grading them with specific feedback C. assigning the odd number problems and grading them every night D. assigning homework daily and monitoring the class for completion
Portfolio
A meaningful collection of student work
portfolio
A meaningful collection of student work is commonly called a _____________.
Constructivist learning encourages...
A model that encourages students to think creatively and critically, to consider carefully, to make decisions, and to reflect. Students are actively engaged in groups. This practice results in decreasing the number of activities controlled by the teacher that is, empowering the students to assume responsibility for their own learning.
indirect teaching
A more effective teaching model is _________________. It is student-centered instruction in which the teacher facilitates opportunities for students to construct their own learning. It can be independent, experiential, or interactive.
Consequence
A pleasant or unpleasant a fact that follows a behavior and influences whether it will occur again.
annual budget
A primary charge of the school advisory council (SAC) is to assist in the preparation of the school's (C5)
Elkonin box
A series of connected boxes used to assist students in segmenting words into individual sounds. The number of boxes corresponds to the number of phonemes in the target word.
Traditional assessments
A term used to describe traditional teacher-made tests composed of true or false, multiple choice, matching, fill in the blank, or essay questions.
A norm-referenced achievement test
A social study teacher would like to know if her student knowledge of social study is similar to that of other students through the United States. What type of standardized test would best give the teacher this information? A. A norm-referenced intelligence test B. A norm-referenced achievement test C. A criterion-referenced intelligence test D. A criterion-referenced achievement test
B. diagnostic An assessment that provides information that can be used to identify specific areas of strength amd weakness.
A student appears to be struggling with a reading subskill after initial instruction. The teacher wants to find out what component of reading is hindering comprehension. Which of the following assessments would best aid the teacher? A. screening B. diagnostic C. progress monitoring D. outcome measure An assessment that provides information that can be used to identify specific areas of strength amd weakness.
writing
A student does not have to recite the Pledge of Allegiance if the student's parents have requested in ___________ that the student be excused from doing so.
A. creating an academic contract between the student and teacher Competency 2
A student is capable of completing assignments but often lacks the motivation to do so. Which strategy would address the problem directly? A. creating an academic contract between the student and teacher B. giving additional credit for class participation and attendance C. monitoring the student closely during class D. sending weekly progress reports to parents
Sequential language acquisition occurs when?
A student learns a second language after mastering the first
B. learner-centered environment.
A teacher has students use their background information to make predictions about a story. This lesson would most likely be representative of a(an) A. knowledge-centered environment. B. learner-centered environment. C. assessment-centered environment. D. teacher-centered environment.
A. summarizing.
A teacher instructs students to read a selection and then retell the information from the selection. The students are using the study skill of A. summarizing. B. clarifying. C. synthesizing. D. classifying.
A. Ask questions that require students to show explain or describe
A teacher notices that students seem disinterested in class topic. The teacher wants to liven up the discussion portion of the lesson to increase student's participation, what is the best procedure for the teacher to follow? A. Ask questions that require students to show explain or describe B. Ask questions that have students response to how, when and where C. Ask question that have students to recall and recognize D. Ask question that have students predict outcomes and solve problem
Socratic
A teacher that uses the _________________method is encouraging dialogue and as a result, critical thinking. The ______________ method involves asking questions that investigate and clarify.
D. a teacher's grade book
A teacher wants to analyze areas of need in the curriculum. Which of the following would reflect the necessary data? A. anecdotal records B. student test records C. a teacher-made test D. a teacher's grade book
independent learning
A teacher who has academically gifted student in the class can best prepare to work with these students by keeping in mind they need opportunities for _____________ ___________ that encourage them to apply creative and critical thinking.
Identify examples of the concept
A teacher wishes to evaluate a student's ability to apply concepts that have been presented in class. What should test item require student to do? A. List the attribute of the concept B. Use the concept in novel situation C. Identify examples of the concept D. Recognize the definition of the concept
traditional assessment
A term used to describe a traditional teacher-made test composed of true-false, multiple-choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, or essay questions. Can provide valuable information about students' grasp of rules, facts, information and concepts.
C. Having students write a personal invitation inviting parents and guardians to attend a cultural activity during school.
A teacher would like to encourage parents and guardians to be involved in their students' education. Which of the following strategies is the best way for the teacher to encourage diverse parents and guardians to come to the classroom for a cultural activity? A. Writing an article for the school newsletter asking parents and guardians to drop in at their convenience to discuss ideas on a cultural activity. B. Displaying posters inviting parents and guardians to meet with the teacher after school to plan a cultural activity for the class. C. Having students write a personal invitation inviting parents and guardians to attend a cultural activity during school. D. Asking the principal to develop a schoolwide cultural activity to be held in the evening for students and their parents and guardians.
project
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
instructionally embedded assessment
A type of assessment that uses systematic observational methods along with checklists, interviews, and questioning while students are engaged in learning activities. This assessment approach is particularly essential in early-childhood classrooms in order to provide developmentally appropriate curricula and instruction. AKA teacher observation.
acronym
A word or phrase formed from the initial letters of a list of words that is used to help remember the words on the list. C4
anecdotal record
A written record of a student's progress over time based on teacher observation with notes.
A social study teacher would like to know if her student knowledge of social study is similar to that of other students through the United States. What type of standardized test would best give the teacher this information? A. A norm-referenced achievement test B. A criterion-refereced intelligence test C. A norm-referenced intelligence test D. A criterion-referenced achievement test
A. A norm-referenced achievement test
What principle is illustrated by conducting a 20 minutes review session each Monday during a class? A. A periodic review enhance long term memory B. Repletion of familiar enhances self-concept C. Repletion of previous learning increases understanding D. A periodic review enhance short term memory
A. A periodic review enhance long term memory
______ is any willful act that results in physical, mental or sexual injury or harm to a child
Abuse
This is the ability to construct meaning from content-area texts and literature encountered in school
Academic literacy
This requires modifying current schema or creating new schema in order to take the new data or information into account.
Accommodation
how
Accommodations are changes in _______ a student accesses information and demonstrates performance.
attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
According to Bandura, behavioral changes occur when the following four processes are present __________________
Tinker v.Des Moines
According to _________________(lawsuit), teachers and students do not lose their First Amendment rights when they come to school, but the rights to free speech is limited if it interferes with educational mission of the school.
self-determination theory
According to _______________________ theory, everyone has a perceived locus of causality (PLOC).
classroom environment
According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), placement in the "least restrictive environment" means placement of the student in the regular classroom to the maximum extent appropriate. Basically, a student's ___________ _______________ should be appropriate to his or her level of disability. (C6)
12 months
According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the IEP team must meet at least once every... C6
student
According to the School Community Professional Development Act, a district's professional development system must be designed around a focus on increased _____________ (student, teacher) achievement.
The implementation of state-mandates testing and teacher licensure are a result of the _____ movement
Accountability
abstract
Adolescents who reach the formal operational stage of development begin to think more easily about ___________ concepts, things they cannot touch or see. They can develop hypotheses, organize information, test hypotheses, and solve problems, as well as reason both deductively and inductively and critically analyze the thinking of others.
problem-based learning
Advocates of constructivism support _____________, in which the teacher facilitates activities that present open-ended questions - inquiries - for students to solve.
This Stage in reading is the time when the teacher interacts with both the student and text in meaningful dialogue
After Reading Stage
It is favorable to provide feedback to tests when?
After a delay of a day or two
D. request assistance from a reading coach Comp. 5
After attending a reading workshop, a teacher realizes that the current reading strategies are not improving student academic achievement. The most appropriate next step is to A. align classroom activities with the school improvement plan. B. ask a grade-level team member for help. C. correlate reading strategies with the district curriculum checklist. D. request assistance from a reading coach.
restatement
After each speaker has an opportunity to speak, the listener will form a ____________________, in which the learner or listener repeats what has been learned using his or her own working.
Instructionally embedded assessment
Also called teacher observation
If unsure about an answer what is the rule of thumb for this test?
Always pick the choice that is best for students!
vicarious learning
Among the stimuli is _____________________, which means that when learners observe the consequences and emotions of others, they learn.
D. Language diffusion
An ESOL student applies the use of his or her first language in acquisition of English. This is an example of? A. Language transfer B. Code switching C. Comprehensible input D. Language diffusion
push-in
An ESOL teacher who works within a subject classroom to provide additional support and instruction follows a _______________ model.
artifact
An ______________ is a genuine object or document, whereas a model is a created example.
occupational therapist
An _________________ is a certified professional who assesses and provide treatment for the development of life skills among disabled individuals.
A. mnemonic device.
An elementary mathematics teacher uses the phrase "My dear Aunt Sally" to teach the order of operations. This phrase is an example of a A. mnemonic device. B. review device. C. clarifying tip. D. summarizing tip.
Students learn to use parts of word families they know in order to identify words they don't know that have similar parts: Example- word families/chunks include "at" "ing" and "ay". The first sound may be hanged to make different words.
Analogy-based phonics
higher-order thinking skills
Analysis, synthesis and evaluation, also known as "critical thinking skills"
critical
Analysis-level thinking is a type of ____________ thinking. Generalizing or drawing conclusions requires analysis-level thinking.
Students learn to analyze letter-sound relationships in previously learned words. They DO NOT pronounce sounds in isolation, but rather look for the common sound: Example-A list is presented with the words cloud, house, and loud. They look for the common sound "ou"
Analytic Phonics
to mark
Analytical checklists are used ___________ whether students have mastered an objective.
to create
Analytical rubrics are complicated ____________ since educators must include every possible deviation from proficiency.
bodily-kinesthetic
As a learning activity, building models helps those with _________________________________ intelligence make connections to learning.
10
As a general rule, a reasonable time expectation for homework is approximately __ times a student's grade level in minutes.
verbal-linguistic
As a learning activity, think-pair-share gives ___________________ (learning style) students the opportunity to talk about their learning.
spatial-visual
As a learning activity, word maps help _______________________ (learning style) students see new concepts as pictures.
transfer
As people progress through stages of cognitive development, they can more effectively __________, or apply, knowledge to make inferences about new thoughts and ideas.
probing
Asking students to clarify or justify answers.
norm-referenced tests
Assesses students by comparing their performance to that of a norm group.
authentic assessment
Assessment that incorporates real-life application tasks and enables the teacher to directly assess meaningful and complex educational performances. Also sometimes called performance assessment or process/product assessment.
summative assessment
Assessment that occurs at the end of an instructional unit.
First quartile
At or below 25th percentile.
Second quartile
At or below the 50th percentile
Third quartile
At or below the 75th percentile
summaritive
At the end of instruction
90
At the independent reading level, a reader can read text with ____ percent word recognition accuracy.
These are the causes students assign to their successes or failures?
Attributions
rubric
Authentic assessments can take on many forms. For example, students may be assessed by means of a __________, or a guide to the evaluation of student work that provides definitions of different levels of performance.
school-based management
Authority to make decisions about how to implement district goals, including certain decisions about school budget, hiring of personnel, and curriculum is placed at the school level (SBM). C5
This stage older children develop and are willing to challenge rules.
Autonomous Morality Stage
Tactile Learners
Avoid Reading
When faced with the need to adapt materials for students to master the objective, what is the important variable to consider? A. Level of needs, according to Mallows' hierarchy B. Stages of cognitive development C. Size of the class D. Perception of classroom instructional process
B. Stages of cognitive development
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
Based on the premise that learning cannot be understood without consideration of its cultural and social context
This means instruction to develop skills in speaking, listening, reading and writing of English sufficient to enable the student to be English proficient.
Basic ESOL program
BI/OS stands for?
Basic Input/ Output System, the system that starts up the computer and communicates between devices within the system.
BICS
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills
Formal operational
Begins at age 12 and continues into adulthood -abstract concepts
stimuli
Behaviorism objectively measures and controls behavior in response to__________________.
This is a learning theory based on using immediate consequences to either waken or strenghten a learns observable response
Behvaiorism
Ethnocentrism
Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.
fear, rage, love
Believing that the tree emotions of children (________, ____________, and _____________) could be conditioned, Watson performed what would now be considered unethical experiments to create phobias in an orphaned infants using negative stimuli for operant conditioninh.
State Standards are divided into smaller units called?
Benchmarks
Head Start programs
Benjamin Bloom's contribution to early childhood education research led to the development of ______________________.
bias
By analyzing the outcome and evaluating the process, students draw conclusions to determine whether there is any ________________ that might invalidate the objectivity before generalizing before their conclusions would apply in broader terms.
flag
By case law, schools cannot require that students participate in _______ salutes or other patriotic ceremonies as part of the school curriculum.
student, student's
By state law, a teacher's primary professional concern will always be for the ___________ and the development of the ______________ potential
professional
By state law, teachers must strive for _________ growth.
democratic
By state law, teachers must value the nurturing of ___________ citizenship.
truth
By state law, teachers must value the pursuit of __________.
Which teacher action will most likely help develop students' divergent thinking abilites? A. Ask student to enumerate different types of pollution B. Ask students to list in order the most polluted cities in the United States C. Ask student to discuss the way to combat pollution in their area D. Ask students to bring pictures depicting pollution to class
C. Ask student to discuss the way to combat pollution in their area
A teacher wants to be sure that all students know the rules of the classroom. Which is the most effective way of ensuring this? A. Write the information on the bulletin board B. Include the rules in the course outline C. Conduct a class discussion of the rules D. Announce in class what is expected of all students
C. Conduct a class discussion of the rules
Informal classroom assessments
Can be used to guide reteaching, adjust instruction and/or interventions, vary pace of instruction, or adjust curriculum
standardized test
Carefully constructed and field-tested so that, ideally, it has a high degree of reliability and validity.
This educator took issue with Kohlbergs theory of moral development, contending that it failed to take into consideration obvious gender differences. According to _____, when making moral decision, men and boys rely on their sense of fairness and justice more often than do women and girls. While women and girls respond from a caring perspective and sense of responsibility. Who was this educator
Carol Gilligan.
Advocated for women to be educated and become teachers
Catherine Beecher
This standard requires the teacher to provide convincing evidence of reviewing the impact of professional learning on the teachers practice and professional growth.
Changes in Educator Practice
Accommodations
Changes that are made and how the student access his information and demonstrates performance
letter name fluency
Children's ________ ______ ________ (LNF), the ability to recognize letters by name, is a strong predictor of their success in learning to read. LNF is included as a Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) measure for students in grades K and 1 as an indicator of risk.
intrincically
Choices of learning activities are _________ motivating to students.
This type of reading is where students read along as a group with the teacher or another fluent adult reader.
Choral Reading
category for learning that involves thinking capabilities, from recalling simple facts to judging the quality of an argument (ESAACK) Evaluation > synthesis > analysis > application > comprehension > knowledge
Cognitive domain - (ESAACK)
ability
Cognitive____________tests are used to identify exceptionalities.
Who wrote the book, "Orbis Pictus"?
Comenius. He believed in using the senses to assist the intellect
What is Competency 3?
Communicate with patients, families, communities, and professionals in health and other fields in a responsive and responsible manner that supports a team approach to the promotion and maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease
Criterion-referenced test
Compared against predetermined scores
The statewide, standardized assessment program consists of
Computer-based, criterion-referenced assessments designed to assess the annual learning gains of Florida K-12 students towards achieving NGSSS.
Using manipulatives would appeal to ______ learners
Concrete
Manipulates are:
Concrete (hands on)
This type of learner rely on physically experiencing it
Concrete Learners
Stage 3
Concrete Operational Order and takes a point of view
Objective
Condition, Action, Mastery Level Statement
The circumstances in which the action of an instructional objective will take place are called the ________.
Conditions
Reports cards must clearly depict and grade the students academic performance in each class or course, the students ______, and the students attendance.
Conduct
Information from the immediate textual setting that helps identify a word from the surrounding context is called a _____/_____
Context Clue
Is the mental process of generating new ideas, recognizing and finding solutions to problems, and making informed decisions.
Creative thinking
Psychomotor
Creative-personal to that person
Fcat what kind of a test?
Criterion-referenced This is because it is predetermined in comparisons.
Is the mental process of making reasoned judgments and reaching objective conclusions by analyzing, organizing, comparing, synthesizing, logically examining, challenging, and evaluating assumptions and evidence.
Critical Thinking
____/_____/______ are valuable tools in encouraging students to read analytically
Critical response journals
Franklin Bobbitt
Curriculum is designed to best prepare students to become integral parts of an industrial society
The term used to describe the deceptive practices that online predators use to gain their victims trust
Cyber Grooming
Scientific Inquiry has 5 main steps. What are they?
Define the problem Research the topic Formulate a hypothesis Gather evidence Draw conclusion
By state law, teachers must value the nurturing of ______ Citizenship
Democratic
Moderate Complexity
Demonstrate comprehension and processing of information.
High Complexity
Demonstrate the use of higher-order thinking skills including abstract reasoning.
Homework in elementary and middle school is used to...
Develop good study habits and positive attitudes toward school.
Left Side of the Brain
Part --> Whole Independent Learning Systematic Thinking
This takes into account the typical patterns of physical, social, and cognitive development of students in order to optimize student learning and to promote social growth.
Developmentally appropriate practices
the teacher's role of understanding content knowledge/ modeling passion for learning
Dewey's approach to education balances ____________________________ and __________________________ with the child's necessity to construct knowledge using hands-on and relevant learning activities.
Assessment Sequence
Diagnostic Assessment, Formative Assessment, Summative Assessment
Is a teacher-centered instructional strategy based on the behaviorist point of view that the teacher is the expert in the classroom who should systematically and explicitly pass along information to students.
Direct Instruction
performance assessment
Direct observation of students, perhaps using a checklist to record implementation of procedure. C4
This refers to the assortment of race, ethnicity, gender, exceptionality, economic circumstance, learning style, ability level, and so on of students.
Diversity
According to Piaget, children under the age of 8?
Do not have the ability of understanding the language or to grasp complexities. Teachers should use simple language when working with these children.
Blooms classification system is used in curriculum development, teaching, and testing and consists of three general categories called_____
Domains
got it
Don't use school computers for anything other than authorized school business, even if you borrow one and take it home. Got it?
affective
Dr. Benjamine Bloom outlined three domains of learning. The learning domains are cognitive, _______, and psychomotor.
IDEA
Due process is protected under _______________ as a means of resolving conflicts between parents and the school district.
This reading stage is when students use their knowledge of decoding and word identification, high frequency words, strategies, and skills to understand what they are reading.
During Reading Stage
D. Critical question technique
During a class discussions, a teacher wants to emphasize significant concepts and information. Which strategy will best achieve this goal? A. Positive and negative reinforcement B. Underscoring and repetition C. Paraphrasing prompts D. Critical question technique
Formative
During instruction/ Progress Reports
C. ask students concept questions.
During the introduction of a new mathematics lesson, several students appear uninterested in the lesson. To determine if the behavior is content related, the teacher should A. send the students to the office. B. redirect student behavior. C. ask students concept questions. D. give students a written quiz.
independent practice
During this phase of systematic instruction, students practice without supervision from the teacher; teachers may continue to provide students with feedback but practice takes place independently.
The __________________________________________ oversees disciplinary actions taken against the certificate of an educator certified to teach in Florida.
Education Practices Commission (EPC)
robust questions
Elicitation, elaboration, clarification, divergent, heuristic, and reflective are type of _________________
What rule should you follow for process of elimination?
Eliminate answer choices in which teachers appear to give up on students the teacher should not move onto a different student or switch to an easier question.
Students are taught letter-sound relationship as they read, this approach is not systematic or explicit. Example- student might encounter the word xylophone and experience difficulty with the sound made by the letters "xy"
Embedded Phonics
aptitude
Employers in technical fields use _______________ tests when choosing new hires.
This mode involves interacting with objects in their environment.
Enactive Mode
Bruner proposed three modes through which children can learn based on their level of cognitive development. They are?
Enactive Mode Iconic Mode Symbolic Mode
EOC
End of course assessment given to test students in Algebra 1, US History, Geometry, Biology, and Civics.
The 5E model also called the learning cycle model, follows the principle that students learn best when they are provided opportunities to construct their own understanding of concepts by building on prior knowledge and by actively engaging in the learning experience. List the 5 "E's"
Engage Explore Explain Extend/Elaborate Evaluate
5E Model
Engage Explore- teacher is facilitator Explain Extend- real world ideas Evaluate
5E model
Engage, Explore, Explain, Extend/Elaborate, Evaluate
Inquiry-Based Learning
Engages in 5E to Solve a Problem. Can use the Scientific Method for Higher Level Learning and Thinking.
ESOL
English for speakers of other languages
Subjective Teaching
Essays, Both Long and Short in length. More think skills used.
This standard requires the teacher to assess the impact of professional learning by using data collected through standardized achievement measures and other valid and relative measures of student achievement and behavior.
Evaluation Methods
Individual accountability
Everyone in the group has to contribute and learn
Positive interdependence
Everyone success depends on the success of everyone else in the group.
In Florida students who have special learning needs are called ________/_________/________
Exceptional Student Education (ESE)
This is based on the belief that true reality lies within the individuals own unique experiences?
Existentialism
Students at risk of academic failure usually need _______ orientation to classroom rules and procedures.
Explicit
Study skills and test-taking strategies require teacher...
Explicit guidance and modeling
The law that did NOT established schools but required that parents make sure their kids could read and understand the laws and religions of their community was what?
First compulsory law (Massachusetts)
Think, pair, and share
First, students work individually on an assigned problem-solving task; next, they pair with a partner to discuss and revise; and finally, they share the results with the entire class.
An electronic hateful and personal attack in an e-mail, chat room, bulletin board, blog or son.
Flame
This Florida policy implemented ESOL accommodations
Florida Consent Decree
3
For students eligible to participate in the statewide, standardized assessment program, a substantial deficiency in reading is defined as scoring below Level ___ on the statewide reading assessment.
formal assessment
Formal assessments are systematic, preplanned methods of testing students that are used to determine how well students have learned the material that is being taught in the classroom. In other words, formal assessments provide a way to know what the students know. There are four main types of formal assessments: Standardized tests Program tests Essay tests Criterion-referenced tests
Progress reports
Formative assessment which reports students' grade to date, usually at the mid-grade reporting period.
synthesis
Formulating a theory based on the results of an experiment uses _______________-level thinking.
Jean Piaget's Theory of Intellectual Development
Four stages to describe intellectual development: sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2) preoperational stage (2-7 years) concrete operational stage (7-11 years) formal operational stage (adolescents and adults)
A german educator who founded the kindergarten movement
Friedrich Froebel
Piaget identified 3 categories of increasing sophistication of play. What are they.
Functional Play-occurs between Birth to 2 years Symbolic Play- starts around age 2 Games with rules play: Commonly begins near school age and involves the ability to agree upon and abide by rules.
taught
Good assessment reflects what is
These are visual depictions of the interrelationships among abstract concepts or illustrations of process.
Graphic Organizers
This educator created mind styles which looks at the predominant way learners prefer to process and organize information for learning.
Gregorc's
Group processing of social skills
Group functioning is frequently monitored and adjusted to improve group effectiveness.
Jigsaw
Group members become experts on an assigned topic that they then teach to others, after re-organizing into different groups, so that eventually all members of the class know all of the content.
Face-to-face promotive interaction
Group members facilitate and help each other by committing personal resources, encouragement, and assistance to others to achieve group goals.
Corners
Group members meet in a designated corner of the room to discuss an assigned topic and then teach it to the rest of the class.
Concrete Sequential
Hands On
Concrete Random
Hands on but also Exploratory
______ is infliction of physical, mental or emotional injury upon a child.
Harm
Reciprocal Teaching
Has Four Parts: summarizing, questioning, Clarifying, and Predicting
Validity
Has to do with whether the assessment instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.
Comenius
He is generally considered as the father of modern education
C. Progression
Head to toe motor skills
What is an Interprofessional Team?
Health care professionals assuming complementary roles and cooperatively working together, sharing responsibility for problem solving and making decisions to formulate and carry out plans for patient care.
Maslow is Know for his:
Hierarchy of Needs
Often called the father of American public education, let the movement for public education in MA and influenced individuals in other states to push for public education in their states.
Horace Mann
A computer system that is accessed from a remote location.
Host
Accommodations are changes in _____ a student accesses information and demonstrates performance
How
This is a group of individuals who make decisions about the services and accommodations or modifications provided to a student with a disability.
IEP team
In the administrative review, teacher meets with the principal to review the _______.
IPDP
This mode involves the use of images or graphic illustrations to convey concepts?
Iconic Mode
d. portfolio assessment
Identify the method that is being used when a teacher evaluates a student's progress by having the student reflect his or her own feelings about comprehension with the help of a checklist. a. test assessment b. flexible testing technique c. the cloze technique d. portfolio assessment
extrinsic
If a student receives an unpleasant consequence for failure, it is negatively ________________.
The Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
In Florida, the content standards are known as _________________________. These standards indicate core curricular content in 8 subject areas.
C. assist others in solving problems.
In a community-centered approach to teaching, a teacher plans classroom activities that require students to A. work independent of one another. B. determine individual learning goals. C. assist others in solving problems. D. post their progress publicly.
onset, rime
In a syllable, the ________ is the initial consonant (or consonants) and the _________ is the vowel and any other consonants that follow. Such as /b/ + /at/ = bat and /sh/ + /out/ = shout
conduct, attendance
In addition to the student's academic performance, Florida law requires that report cards clearly depict and grade the student's _____________ and _______________.
Intermittent Reinforcement
In behaviorism, _______________________ is a conditioning schedule in which a reward or punishment (reinforcement) is not administered every time the desired response is performed.
online
In blended learning, students learn in part in a traditional school setting and in part through __________ learning.
Fluency relationships
In oral language assessment, the key point for you, as the teacher to note, is that the use of a task-based approach should possess some constancy of elicitation input. Every student is assessed on the same learned concepts. Which of the following task types is NOT used to elicit spoken English? a. static relationships b. Fluency relationships c. Dynamic relationships d. Abstract relationships
C. The objective should conforms to states performance standards
In planning for a unit of instruction, a teacher has determined the needs, interest and abilities of her students. In identifying the objectives for the unit what criterion should be apply next? A. The objective should be slightly above the students' ability level B. The objective should be covered in the states adapted textbook C. The objective should conforms to states performance standards D. The objective should be measured by the standardized test used in the district
cognitive (knowledge), social (attitude), and psychomotor (skills)
In the 1950s, Dr. Benjamin Bloom led a group of researchers who studied learning processes. His team identified three domains, or categories, of learning:______________________________
Authentic Assessment
Incorporates real-life application tasks and enables teacher to directly assess meaningful and complex educational performances.
D. Sharing knowledge will help to enrich learning by all student and the teacher
Incorrect 92) Several Native American students transferred from the native schools to a near by public school. The teacher arranges for the students to domstrate games the students play in the reservation. What strategy is illustrated here? A. Sharing knowledge for the students to accept the native student B. Sharing knowledge will enable the student interact on equal terms with other students C. Sharing knowledge will assure successful interaction between teacher and students D. Sharing knowledge will help to enrich learning by all student and the teacher
Is the level at which a reader can read text with 95% accuracy
Independent reading level
Informal classroom assessment
Informal classroom assessments include teacher observations, anecdotal records, classroom questioning, checklists, guided practice, student activities, portfolios and work samples, projects and products, teacher-made quizzes and tests, and homework. Progress reports.
This type of learning is when students engage when they have identified a problem to be solved
Inquiry learning
This is the result of when a teacher combines several disciplines into one or more lessons.
Interdisciplinary Instruction
Devices or programs designed to communicate information between computing systems or programs
Interface
The desire to learn originates within the student and stems from the students intellectual curiosity, attitudes and beliefs. This is called.
Intrinsic Motivation
Assimilation
Involves fitting new information into existing mental structures, which Piaget called schema
Checklist of skills or performances
Is a tool that can be used by teachers or students to monitor learning.
RTI
Is the change in performance or behavior that results from an intervention (Gresham, 2003).
Zone of proximal development
Is the gap between the students independent level problem-solving ability and the students potential level problem-solving ability that can be achieved with assistance from an adult or more capable peer
What is an indication of the IQR (Interquartile range)?
It gives you an indication of how much the data values "stretch" from the center of the data. IQR = Q3 - Q1. The IQR contains the center 50 percent of the data.
portfolio assessment
It's a collection of work produced by a student over time. The goal of this assessment is to gauge student effort, progress and achievement through examination of many different kinds of work that student has produced in a particular class or related to a specific theme.
Z-score for a raw score
It's distance in standard deviation from the mean of the scores on the assessment. (Raw score-mean) •\• (standard deviation)
(classical) conditioning
Ivan Pavlov documented that a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflex response through ___________________________/
This educator proposed that learning involves three basic processes assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration.
Jean Piaget
This Educator viewed learning as a process of constructing meaning by building on prior understandings. He believed that children learn best when tasks are presented to students at their appropriate level of development though a discovery-oriented approach.
Jerome Bruner
learning through action
Jerome Bruner: The enactive stage (up to one year) is characterized by__________________________
mental pictures
Jerome Bruner: the iconic stage (one to six years) comes through________________________
learning through language
Jerome Bruner: the symbolic stage (7+) is characterized by ________________________
4 types of cooperative learning described in the Florida curriculum Framework...
Jigsaw, corners, Think, pair and Share, debate
A German philosopher, introduces a teaching methodology based on his understand of how learning occurs,-- a revolutionary concept at the time and one that led to the science of pedagogy
Johann Friedrick Herbart
"Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself."
John Dewey
Led the progressive child-centered movement, which still persists in todays schools
John Dewey
LY
K-12 grade ELL enrolled in classes specifically designed for ELLs
List the 6 levels of Blooms Taxonomy
Knowledge/Factual Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evalutation
Erik Erikson
Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development
IntRA
Knows Oneself
This team of individuals who are responsible for overseeing a LEP students ESOL program
LEP committee
LF:
LF: K-12 grade former ELL who is followed for a 2-year period after having exited from the ESOL program
LP:
LP: 4 − 12 grade ELL who is aural/ oral full English proficient based on testing, but for whom the reading/ writing test is pending.
In Florida, the code used for a student who is currently enrolled in classes designed for LEP/ELL students is
LY
This educator studied the ways children reason about rules that govern their moral behavior
Lawrence Kohlberg
Constructivist instruction is a (learner-centered or teacher-centered) instructional strategy
Learner Centered
Competency 2 (15%)
Learning environments: knowledge of appropriate student-centered environments.
This type of instruction uses one-way communication to attempt to convey knowledge to the learner orally?
Lecture Method
Learners who approach problem solving systematically are ______ learners
Left Brained Dominant
This educators work is based on the premise that learning cannot be understood without consideration of its cultural and social context.
Lev Vygotsky
Jim Cummins identified four levels of increasing language difficulty as shown below. State the level and provide examples.
Level 1. Cognitively undemanding + Context-Embedded Having a conversation with friends; ordering food at a cafeteria, playing sports. etc Level 2 Cognitively Undemanding + Context-Reduced Ordering food over the telephone; following instructions given on a tape-recordered message reading a letter from a friend Level 3. Cognitively Demanding + Context-Embedded Solving math problems using graphs, charts, figures, diagrams, or manipulative. Level 4. Cognitively Demanding + Context-Reduced Proving math theorems; writing a research reports; listening to a presentation on an unfamiliar topic
The child labor law was passed requiring all children under 14 can be employed without attending public or private schools for at least 6 months prior by who?
Massachusetts
Who established the 1st compulsory education law requiring all children between 8 and 14 must attend school for at least 12 weeks per year?
Massachusetts
1
Middle or high school students who score Level ___ on the statewide English Language Arts (ELA) assessment are required to complete an intensive reading course.
every
Migrant Education Program (MEP) currently serves migrant students in ______________ state.
Gregorc
Mind Styles
Teachers should know that everything they do in front of students is a type of
Modeling
what
Modifications are changes in _____ a student is expected to learn.
Roles and Responsibilities of Public Health Professionals
Monitor health status to identify community health problems Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems Link patients to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable
creating a social contract
Moral development in the classroom would include student participation in ________________________ that all students are expected to adhere to for the good of the classroom society as a whole.
This is the smallest unit of meaning in the langage
Morpheme
This is the willingness or desire of a student to exhibit a behavior such as productively engaging in a learning experience.
Motivation
Teachers from various subject disciplines collaborate to develop a thematic unit... this is called
Multidisciplinary Studies
specifies the core content knowledge and skills that K-12 public school students are expected to acquire for language arts, math, science, social studies, visual and performing arts, physical education, health, and foreign languages Florida law specifies that the standards must be relevant, rigorous, and logically sequential. Uses Mathematics Florida Standards (MAFS) & Language Arts Florida Standards (LAFS). Standards are divided into smaller units called Benchmarks
NGSSS
The ______ is the largest of the national teachers organizations
National Education Association
The ______ is the largest of the national teachers' organizations.
National Education Association
Recognizing the significance of technology literacy for teachers and students, the International Society for Technology in Education developed the _____/______/_______/_______
National Education Technology Standards
Thematic Approach
Needed information is grouped according to its subject into chapters. Is useful for more intermediate users, and is useful for when certain people only need to know how to use a particular aspect of a problem.
This form of punishment involves taking away a desirable reward (i.e. free time) in order to deter undesirable behavior.
Negative punishment
___________ ________________ involves taking away a desirable reward (for example, free time) in order to deter undesirable behavior.
Negative punishment
______ is failure to supply or making provisions for adequate food, clothing, shelter, or healthcare for a child.
Neglect
Provided "Stronger accountability for results, more freedom for states and communities, proven education methods, and more choices for parents"
No Child Left Behind
Suppose a 4th grade student receives a grade equivalent score of 6.2 on reading assessment. Does this mean that the student is ready for 6th grade reading material? Why or Why not?
No, the score reflects the performance on the assessment matching the estimated performance of an average student in the 2nd month of sixth grade on the same assessment
do
Non-custodial parents ___ (do/do not) have the right to review their child's educational needs.
Questions should be determined by the lesson_____
Objective
_______________ questions depend less on teacher judgment when grading,
Objective
affective objectives
Objectives that involve feelings and dispositions (C1)
psychomotor objectives
Objectives that involve physical activity on the part of the student. (C1)
cognitive objectives
Objectives that involve thinking capabilities. C1
Types of assessments
Observation Documentation of students' talk Interviews Anecdotal notes Collection of students' work over time Traditional test Self assessment Peer assessment
Summative assessment
Occurs after instruction has taken place at the end of an instructional unit, grading period, or school year.
Formative assessment
Occurs before and during instruction and it is critical to teachers instructional decision making. (Screening, diagnostic, progress monitoring and informal classroom assessments)
formal operation
One of Piaget's stages: 12+ years. Children have the ability to understand and manipulate abstract concepts without needing to refer to concrete objects.
7-11
One of Piaget's stages: Concrete Operations Stage. What age?
12 +
One of Piaget's stages: Formal Operation Stage. What age?
2-7
One of Piaget's stages: Preoperational Stage. What age?
attention
One purpose of the focus component of the lesson cycle model is to gain students
20
One semester hour of college credit equates to __ in-service points.
Unbiased assessment
One that does not unfairly favor a particular group
Divergent Thinking is:
Open Minded Thinking
chunking
Organizing or clustering more than one piece of information in a meaningful way in order to remember it. C4
Outcome assessments
Outcome assessments include the end-of-year statewide, standardized assessments; standardized norm-referenced tests; and end-of-grading period assessments. Data from these assessments are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional program.
fixed mindset / growth mindset
Over 30 years ago, Carol Dweck and her colleagues became interested in students' attitudes about failure. They noticed that some students rebounded while other students seemed devastated by even the smallest setbacks. After studying the behavior of thousands of children, Dr. Dweck coined the terms _____________ and ____________ to describe the underlying beliefs people have about learning and intelligence. When students believe they can get smarter, they understand that effort makes them stronger. Therefore they put in extra time and effort, and that leads to higher achievement.
A teacher who is able to give instruction and distribute materials at the same time is exhibiting, what?
Overlapping
The Florida Bureau of K-12 Assessment
Oversees the statewide, standardized assessment program.
This Educator identified five progressive states of play. Who was it?
Parten
Students take turns reading aloud to each other.
Partner reading
A software solution to correct a problem in a software programs
Patch
In ______/______ a trained student tutor teaches a same-age classmate or a younger student
Peer Tutoring
The first parochial schools were established where?
Pennsylvania
Roles and Responsibilities of Licensed Practical Nurse:
Perform physical exams and health histories Provide health promotion, counseling and education Administer medications, wound care, and numerous other personalized interventions based on the physicians orders
Authentic assessments is sometimes called...
Performance assessment or process/product assessment.
______________________ ________________ have long been used in the assessment of music, art, drama, and physical education.
Performance assessments
Student self-assessment
Performed by the student for example grading their own papers, group participation, and portfolio assessment.
D. viruses.
Permitting students access to e-mails with attachments can be a potential danger to a school's network, because of A. fraudulent content. B. nonacademic context. C. pornography. D. viruses.
These are the smallest parts of sound in a spoken word
Phonemes
Is the ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in spoken words
Phonemic awareness
Piaget asserted that children eventually acquire three types of knowledge?
Physical Logical/mathematical Social
Piaget three type of knowledge:
Physical, logical-mathematical, and social knowledge.
Members of the IPE Team
Physician Nurse LPN, RN, ARNP Social Workers Physical therapist Occupational therapist Public Health
In Maslow's Hierarchy, what are all the needs that need to be met by a human being? 5 items
Physiological needs (food, shelter, etc) Safety Needs (predictable environment) Belongingness and love Esteem Needs (self-respect, worthiness) Self-actualization needs (self-fulfillment and personal achievement)
Physical knowledge Logical mathematical knowledge Social knowledge
Piaget asserted that eventually three types of knowledge are acquired by children
The four strands of the Florida Professional Development System Evaluation Protocol
Planning, Learning, implementing, evaluating
Solitary Play
Plays alone
Reinforcement
Pleasant consequence that follows a behavior, is an essential strategy associated with a behaviorist approach to learning.
This court case CREATED the doctrine of "separate but equal"
Plessy vs. Ferguson
context
Poor readers rely more heavily on _________ clues to try to make meaning of text than do good readers.
This primarily an American philosophy it is based on the belief that true reality is that which works.
Pragmatism
This is the first stage of instruction in reading. The reading process does not being as readers open a book and read the first sentence, but preparing them to read it. This is called
Pre-reading stage
Kohlberg concluded that moral development occurs in a specific sequence of stages. Identify the 6 stages and age ranges.
Preconventional level- Birth to 9 years 1. Punishment-Obedience Orientation Rules are obeyed to avoid punishment. Accepts rules, but internalization of moral values is lacking 2. Instrumental-Relativist Orientation Whats right is whatever satisfies ones own needs and occasionally the needs of others. Behaves to get a reward. Conventional Level- 10-15 years 3. Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation Good behavior is doing what others expect and whatever is approved by them . Accepts and respects authority. Peer acceptance is needed. 4. Law-Order Orientation Good behavior is doing ones duty, respecting authority, and obeying the laws of society. Regardless of the circumstances, it is wrong to break rules. Postconventional Level-16 to Adulthood 5. Social Contract Orientation Whats right is defined in terms of standards that have been agreed upon by the whole society. Obeys rules, but might question them recognizes that rules are subject to change if outdates. Respects right of others. 6. Universal Ethical Principle Whats right is a decision of ones conscience according to ethical principles. Ethical principles are abstract concepts such as justice, equality, and the dignity of all people.
Stage 2
Preoperational Symbolic Ages 2-6
_____ means going through each lesson mentally from the students point of view and anticipating explanations, information, and directions they will need.
Preplanning
What kind of accommodation is it when a teacher uses adaptive ways to inform and present test to students?
Presentation accommodations
The four types of accommodations are...
Presentation accommodations Response accommodations Setting accommodations Timing and scheduling accommodations
teacher
Principals are required by law to establish and maintain for each ___________ (student, teacher) an Individual Professional Development Plan (IPDP).
Advance organizers are useful for activiating students _____ knowledge
Prior
Task Analysis
Prior knowledge needed
According to the Educator Jacob Kounin, the main difference between successful and unsuccessful classroom managers is that successful classroom managers are ______ in preventing disruptions before they occur.
Proactive
is the process of resolving the discrepancy thus indentified
Problem solving
PS/RtI stands for
Problem solving.Response to Intervention
synthesize
Problem-solving requires: when a child approaches a problem, he or she will need to be able ________________________, or bring together knowledge from various learning experiences to apply to a new challenge.
______/_______ are the rights of parents and students relating to notice, consent, independent education evaluation, records, hearings, and appeals in accordance with federal and state law.
Procedural Safe-Guards
_____________ ________________ are usually more evident in science, math, social studies, and language arts.
Process/ product assessments
Scrutiny, curiosity, accuracy, precision, and verification are scientific _____
Processes
By state law, teachers must strive for ______ growth.
Professional
Collaborative practice competencies fit well within several common heath care domains such as:
Professionalism Communication Systems-based practice
A commercial interactive whiteboard
Promethean slate
Journals and notebooks
Provide a way for students to respond in writing to a prompt by the teacher and to reflect on their own learning.
Under Florida law, teachers can use _______ force against students to protect themselves from harm or injury
Reasonable
Socratic Method: Idealism Thinking
Questioning and Interacting
S4&5
Questions society Universial Ethical Principles 16-Adulthood
The memory location in a computer where the operating system, applications, programs and data in current use are TEMPORARILY stored
RAM
Organizing information by "chunking" information in no particular order are called?
Random Organizers
achievement
Reading/literacy coaches are hired by districts and assigned to schools with the goal of improving reading ______________ in the assigned school.
Project Based
Real World Problems with a for sure end result
This is based on the belief that physical objects are the only true realigy
Realism
discrimination
Recognizing differences in a learning activity. C3
Reliability
Refers to the consistency of a measurement over time and repeated measurements
0-1 month
Reflexes (sensorimotor stage) What age?
progress monitoring assessments
Regularly administered (that is, dynamic, ongoing) assessments used to evaluate students' academic progress for the purpose of making data-based decisions regarding instruction and interventions. Should occur routinely (weekly, biweekly or monthly) and use valid and reliable assessments that are sensitive to small changes in student academic performance. A type of formative assessment.
Progress monitoring assessment
Regularly administered, dynamic, ongoing assessments used to Evaluate students academic progress for the purpose of making data-based decisions regarding instruction and interventions.
In the case of incompetence, teachers are given an opportunity to ______ before charges of incompetence are filed
Remediate
N. Punishment
Removal of your free time
spiraling
Reteaching the same material at progressively deeper levels throughout the year is _________________ the curriculum.
intrinsic/extrinsic
Rewards and circumstances can be ______________ or ______________.
Generally, learners who prefer to see the big picture before engaging in a learning activity are ________
Right Brained dominant
Standards
Rigorous, Relevant, Logical Grade level
Heteronomous
Rules are unbreakable
The ______ is an advisory group composed of the principal, teachers, education support staff, parents and business and other community members whos primary purpose is to assist in the preparation and evaluation of the School Improvement Plan (SIP)
SAC
This team is composed of the principal ,teachers, parents, and other community members. In regards to school budget, hiring, and job responsibilities of faculty and staff.
SBM team
Home
STAGES OF ACCULTURATION: Finally, the newcomers become "native" in the sense that where they live is their home and they accept that they are here to stay. This last stage may be years in coming, and for some will never take place. Thus, what is happening in students' minds and hearts as a result of the drastic changes in their lives has a direct influence on their ability to cope with life and succeed in school.
paraphrasing
Saying what students say, but in different words.
4-8 months
Secondary Circular Reactions (Sensorimotor stage): infants intentionally repeat actions to evoke environmental effects. What age?
Private speech
Self-talk learners use this to monitor and guide themselves as they work through a problem or complete a learning task.
Stage 1
Sensorimotor Trial and error
Plessey v Ferguson
Separate but Equal
4-7 months (expressive)
Sequence of language development: laughs; babbles; expresses emotion vocally. What age?
What kind of accommodation is it when a teacher is able to make adaptive ways to change the setting to make completion of assignments and test more appropriate for the student.
Setting accommodations
C. Reinforce correct usage: make some corrections and serves as a positive model
Several students from culturally different background are experiencing challenges with the use of Standard English. How should the teacher respond to these challenges? A. Correct all the student errors in the class to the appropriate rule B. Disregard the misuse of the language and consider then acceptable medium of exchange in the student's home C. Reinforce correct usage: make some corrections and serves as a positive model D. Refer student with non traditional English skills to learn English as a second language
ecological assessment
Since the student is expressing an interest in a specific location, this assessment involves carefully examining the environment in which the activity actually occurs. What type of instructional procedures could determine successful adaptive life skills at this location for the student?
What are the two well-known philosophers associated with idealism
Socrates and Plato
understanding, applying, evaluating
Some Dr.. Bloom's students revised the categories of the cognitive domain in the 1990s. The new categories of the cognitive domain in order simplest to most challenging, are as follows: remembering. _____________, ______________, analyzing, _______________, and creating.
d) Obtain alternate form of this text for the students
Some of the students are unable to read the textbook, how should the teacher handle the situation? a) Have the teacher read the assignment pages to the students b) Make shorter assignments of the text for these students c) Spend part of the class period having the students read aloud d) Obtain alternate form of this text for the students
Two important individuals associated with existentialism are?
Soren Kierkegaard and Jean Paul Sartre
The programming language instructions to a computer in their original form.
Source code
Which standard of the 2016 ACPE Standards specifically covers IPE?
Standard 11
achievement, aptitude, or ability
Standardized tests may be used to measure ____________, ________________. or _______________.
___________scores usually are derived from percentiles and compare test performance using nine intervals that are numbered in order from 1 to 9.
Stanine
interventions
States choose support and ________________ for schools in the bottom 5 percent with dedicated federal funds for turnaround initiatives.
opt-out laws
States have the authority to develop their own _____________ as long as 95% of students take the test; therefore it is likely that severely disabled children will no longer be forced to endure annual testing.
acquisition learning hypothesis
Stephen Krashen contended that language is best learned in a natural way, through the process of actual communication, without conscious attention to formal rules. C7
Student Centered Activities
Stimulations, Role Playing , and Playing Games
Audio Learners
Storytelling Memorizes Easily Funny Easily Distracted
An approach to teaching that recognizes instructional strategies is _______/_______
Strategic teaching
intRAdividual knowledge
What the learner knows or understands about themselves
responsible
Strategies for Classroom Management by the Florida Dept. of Ed. Bureau of School Improvement dictates that "response to student misbehavior is most effective when it maintains or enhances the student's dignity and self-esteem and encourages the student to be ___________ for his or her own behavior."
debates
Structured ________ are formal discussions about opposing arguments that give students insight into a subject from multiple viewpoints.
concrete
Struggling students are usually ____________ (abstract, concrete) thinkers.
The evaluation of a districts professional development system must include an annual assessment of data that indicates _____ progress or lack of progress
Student
B. performance assessment. Formative assessment - used to track student progress over the course of a unit and identify areas for reteaching Summative Assessment - carried out at the END of units to aid learning Portfolio Assessment - designed to emphasize improvement over time open-ended assessment - there are multiple solution strategies and multiple correct answers. Encourage students to demonstrate their understanding or lack of in creative and informative ways.
Students are given a demanding task and then asked to respond to that task orally, in writing, or by constructing a product. This type of evaluation is a(an) A. portfolio assessment. B. performance assessment. C. formative assessment. D. open-ended assessment.
Ed v. Brunette
Students do not have to do flag salutes
problem-solving
Students should be actively engaged in ____________ using both inductive and deductive reasoning.
much information
Students should know as ____________________about the topic as possible in advance so that their discussion are relevant and informed.
Debate
Students work in teams to research a topic and formulate persuasive arguments supporting their viewpoints on an issue that they present their arguments in a teacher determine format and structure.
Positive Independence
Success depends on the whole group
What 4 teaching techniques could be used during the "After Reading Stage"?
Summarizing (Reinstate main ideas) Question generating (Engaging interactive questioning) Using graphic and semantic organizer Return to the text (to search for answers)
A woman's right activist, advocated for equal pay and treatment for female teachers
Susan B Anthony
Is the breaking down of words into each uninterrupted unit of spoken language, is often presented in such a fragmented manner in materials that students are unable to pull all components together into a viable word analysis strategy
Syllabication
This mode involves using symbols and words to represent concepts.
Symbolic mode
Communication that takes place in real time with no delay in sending and receiving messages
Synchronous communication
48
Teachers must self-report within ____ hours to appropriate authorities any arrests/charges involving the abuse of a child.
TESOL
Teachers of English to Speakers of Other languages
direct
Teachers provide _________________support through modeling, scaffolding, and guided practice.
reinforcements
Teachers use ________ to strengthen behavior based in behavioral goals.
Competency 7 (7%)
Teaching English language learners (ELLs): Knowledge of research based practices appropriate for teaching English language learners.
This refers to the various ways ideas are organized in text
Text structure
self-esteem needs
The 4th stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs involves ___________________ which includes success, independence, status, and respect.
self-actulization/ self-actulize
The 5th stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is __________________; although not everyone makes it to this level, those who ______________have realized their potential and seek fulfillment and growth.
special education
The Admission, Review, and Dismissal (ARD) Process is a resource to help parents and families of students who are, or may be, eligible for __________ supports and services take a more active part in planning their student's educational program.
research
The FCRR disseminates information about _________-based practices related to literacy instruction and assessment for children in pre-K through 12th grade.
Abraham Maslow
The Hierarchy of Needs was developed by __________.
student, profession and public
The Principles of Professional Conduct for the Education Profession in Florida obligates teachers with a responsibility to the: (C6)
CPALMS
The State of Florida's official source for standards information and course descriptions is known as (C1)
Visual spatial intelligence
The ability to form images and pictures in the mind
Conservation
The ability to recognize that number, length, quantity, area, mass, weight, and volume of objects that has not necessarily changed even though the appearances of these objects might have changed.
Naturalistic intelligence
The ability to understand and work in the natural world
5-minute
The best way to remind high school students of an impending task deadline is to give them a __-_________ warning prior to the necessary time for the activity to end.
consolidated-alphabetic
The child recognizes that the rime "ight", the prefix "ex", and the suffix "tion" are always pronounced the same way as in the words "light", "exit" and "nation". What phase?
C. Commissioner reaches a decision in the matter
The complaint and all information obtained during an investigation of an educator by the Florida Department of Education are confidential until? A. Preliminary investigation is concluded B. Hearing officer finding of fact is determined C. Commissioner reaches a decision in the matter D. School board take final action
alphabetic principle
The concept that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of a spoken language. Letter-sound correspondence is an important component!
reliability
The consistency of a measurement over time and repeated measurements is referred to as _______________. If a teacher gives alternate forms of the same test periodically over several months and the students' performance scores remain relatively the same, the test has _____________. (same word) C4
clearly defined expectations
The critical elements of verbal communication are accuracy of language, accuracy of information, standardization of language and __________ _________ ______________________.
Planning
The decision making process in which a teacher decides what, why, when, and, how to teach.
Interquartile range (IQR)
The difference between the 1st and 3rd quartiles. Contains the center 50 percent of the data.
language abilities
The extent to which learners have language related issues )________________ associated with their: status as English language learners (ELLs) specific receptive and/or expressive language difficulties auditory processing difficulties specific language disabilities
Burrhus Frederick Skinner
The extremist behaviorist who developed operant conditioning, schedules of reinforcement, the Skinner box and wrote controversial works suggesting social change based on behaviorism.
guiding question
The first step to action research is developing a _______________ that is clear and will likely yields results that can be used to develop a solution.
explain
The five E's of the 5E model are the following: engage, explore, ___________, extend/elaborate, evaluate.
planning, learning, implementing and evaluating
The four strands of the Florida Professional Development System Evaluation Protocol 2010 are
Schedule of reinforcement
The frequency with which reinforcement is given, influences the response rate of a behavior and, furthermore, it's resistance to extinction.
C. Providing content support for ESOL students
The goal of specially designed academic instruction in English is? A. Preparing ESOL student linguistically and academically B. Fostering English language acquisition opportunities for ESOL students C. Providing content support for ESOL students D. Teaching academic reading, writing, speaking and listening skills to ESOL students
modeling
The most appropriate way for a teacher to correct an ELL student's language errors is through ______________ a corrected version of what the student is attempting to say.
Lickert scale
The most commonly used rating scale is the ____________. A ___________________- should be interpreted using the mode rather than the mean and then displayed using a bar graph.
current developments
The most significant benefit of joining a professional organization in one's content filed is increased opportunities to stay abreast of __________ ______________ in the field.
to set learning goals
The primary purpose of the middle column in a KWL chart is ___________________ by finding out what students want to learn about the topic.
acculturation
The process of a cultural group or individual taking on traits of another culture, without loss of cultural identity. C7
continuous improvement
The process of engaging in professional learning, and also Competency 5 of the FTCE PEd Test
Task analysis is...
The process of identifying the pre-requisite skills and prior knowledge that students must have in order to achieve the instructional objectives with a high degree of success.
task analysis
The process of identifying the prerequisite skills and prior knowledge that students must have in order to achieve the instructional objective with a high degree of success. C1
Equilibration
The process of reaching equilibrium or balance.
rehearsal
The process of repeating information over and over again, either aloud or silently, as a means of holding it in short-term memory and preparing it for long-term memory. C4
Feed forward
The purpose of formative assessment is to inform instruction, and without a ______ process, this crucial step is lost. The goal is to make decisions that will be applied to future instruction. Now it is time for error analysis to inform guided instruction.
During an IEP the regular education teacher is
The regular education teacher is a full participant in the development of the IEP, including the determination of intervention strategies and accommodations, appropriate supplementary aids and services, and program modifications.
unconditional reinforcement
The reinforcers which are biologically important are called primary reinforcers. It is also referred as _______________________. These reinforcers occur naturally without having to make any effort and do not require any form of learning. For example: food, sleep, water, air and sex.
prohibit
The requirements for the administration of NGSSS mandatory statewide assessments ___________ anyone from questioning students on test content or test items after testing is complete, even after the days set aside for testing have passed.
prevention-oriented Internet safety
The school district is planning inservice activities for the coming year. Which of the following would be an appropriate topic for an inservice activity.
assessment
The second step in using backward design to plan a lesson is to determine the _____________________, or process gathering data to determine the extent to which learning goals have been met.
What are the six levels of Taxonomy?
The six levels of Taxonomy are: 1) knowledge, 2) comprehension, 3) application, 4) analysis, 5) synthesis, 6) evaluation.
morpheme:
The smallest unit of meaning; for example, the word dogs has two morphemes: the root dog and the s that indicates plural.
phoneme:
The smallest unit of meaningful sound.
preproduction
The stage of development wherein the second language learner works to receive and understand the new language but produces little or no expressive language, also known as the "silent period".
love and belonging
The stage three of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs includes needs of ____________________ from coworkers, family, friends and romantic partners.
Closure
The teacher "wraps up" the lesson by reviewing with the students the instructional content that was presented in the lesson.
psychomotor domain of instructional objectives
The student will catch the ball is an action that falls in the
Independent practice
The students apply the new knowledge or skills without assistance from the teacher. Usually homework.
semantics
The study of word meanings.
scaffolding
The support and assistance provided for learning and problem solving, such as verbal cues or prompts, visual highlighting, diagrams, checklists, reminders, modeling, partially completed learning charts or tasks, and examples.
Scaffolding (Vygotsky)
The support and assistance provided for learning and problem-solving, such as verbal cues or problems, visual highlighting, diagrams, checklist, reminders, partially completed learning charts or tasks, and examples. It is more intense and frequent at first but should be diminished as learners become self-regulated.
Reteach and extend
The teacher has planned: (1) Additional instruction using an alternative strategy for students who failed to achieve that instructional objective, and (2) New learning experiences for students who are ready to extend their learning.
Guided practice
The teacher monitors and scaffolds students' learning as they apply the new knowledge or skills.
Check for understanding
The teacher observes and frequently questions students to determine the degree to which they understand the concepts and essential information presented in the explanation component of the lesson. This process is ongoing.
Explanation
The teacher presents new information related to the lesson's instructional objective using various techniques such as demonstrating and modeling skills, giving examples and non-examples of concepts, and stating and applying academic rules.
c. set learning goals
The teacher writes essential questions for the unit on the whiteboard. What is the primary purpose of the questions? a. activate prior knowledge b. assess understanding c. set learning goals d. develop critical thinking skills.
summarizing
The technique of reducing students' ideas to key points.
positive reinforcement
The technique of strengthening a behavior by giving a desirable reward. C3
negative reinforcement
The technique of strengthening a behavior in someone by releasing that person from an undesirable situation. C3
Jerome Bruner
The three modes of representation to the field of cognitive development was contributed by ____________________.
performance based assessment
The type of assessment that allows students to be creative in their solutions to problems, questions, and requires higher level thinking
Divergent thinking
The type of thinking whereby an individual arrives at a new or unique answer that has not been completely determined by earlier information
register
The use of different language forms that depend on the setting, the relationship of the speaker to the person he or she is addressing, and the function of the interaction is known as ___________.
Iconic Representation
The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.
lexicon
The vocabulary used in a particular profession or area of study.
Process and procedure
This prompts use of a previously taught method, e.g., "Remember to highlight the passages in the speech you think are key, and then annotate them.""
What kind of accommodation is it when the teacher is able to alter time constraints and scheduling to be more appropriate for the student.
Timing and scheduling accommodations.
web
To determine students' prior knowledge about a topic, the best graphic organizer for the teacher to use is a ____. In webbing, students list words or phrases that are connected to the central topic. This activity will reveal the students' prior knowledge and disclose their misconceptions about the topic.
It's the main purpose of underlying cooperative learning methods?
To encourage students to help each other learn!
A teacher's first step in planning a lesson is...
To identify, within the framework of the state adopted standards, the instructional objective for the lesson.
Training for an IPDP that is not related to at least one of the content areas specified in the School Community Professional Development Act is unacceptable.
True
True or False: Educator Payne states "The hidden curriculum reflects middle-class values and behaviors."
True
True or False: Instruction in most public schools in the United States has traditionally favored left brain dominant students?
True
True or False: Rewarding students excessively stifles creativity.
True
True or False: Scaffolding should be diminished as learners become self-regulated.
True
True or False: Teachers can support their ESOL students communication skills by supporting and elaborating on their interactions in the classroom
True
10%
Up to ________________% of a work may be copied for educational purposes.
Teachers should make sure that students know that they are expected to
Use grammatically correct constructions For example, a teacher can hold a class discussion about common errors the teacher has observed.
Competency 3 instructional delivery
Use motivational strategies to engage and challenge all students Apply appropriate instructional practices for developing content area literacy Analyze gaps in student subject matter knowledge in order to improve instructional delivery Assess and adapt
Measures of variability
Used to describe the amount of spread. Range and standard deviation.
What are the 8 multiple intelligences?
Verbal/linguistic intelligence Logical mathematical intelligence Visual/spatial intelligence Body/Kinesthetic intelligence Musical/Rhythmic intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence Interpersonal intelligence Naturalistic intelligence 2 additionally have been proposed: Spiritual intelligence Existential intelligence
Private schools with no public funding began where?
Virginia
The MKO (more knowledgeable other)/ the zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Vygotsky: The two main tenets of his philosophy include____________________________ and _____________________
A civil rights activist, pushed for a liberal edcuation for African Americans
W.E.B. Du Bois
An efficient way for districts to provide follow-up support for professional development is through ____ resources and assistance.
Web-based
Modifications are changes in ______ a student is expected to learn
What
evaluating
What categories in the cognitive domain of Bloom's taxonomy do the following verbs belong? appraise, compare, conclude, contrast, criticize, critique, defend, describe, discriminate, evaluate, explain, interpret, justify, relate, summarize, support
creating
What categories in the cognitive domain of Bloom's taxonomy do the following verbs belong? build, categorize, combine, compile, composes, create, design, devise, explain, generate, modify, organize, plan, rearrange, reconstruct, relate, reorganize, revise, rewrite, summarize, support
understanding
What categories in the cognitive domain of Bloom's taxonomy do the following verbs belong? convert, defend, distinguish, estimate, explain, extend, generalize, infer, interpret, apply, paraphrase, predict, provide examples, rewrite, summarize, translate
remembering
What categories in the cognitive domain of Bloom's taxonomy do the following verbs belong? define, describe, identify, know, label, list, match, name, outline, quote, recall, recognize, recite, reproduce, retrieve, select, state
a range of grouping strategies
What is a good grouping strategies for teaching disable and diverse students using multilevel instructional techniques?
multilevel teaching practices
What is an effective method to teach word recognition to a class of students with many reading levels and diverse needs?
Socratic method
What is the method of teaching that uses questions to deeply explore the meaning and logical strength of a claim or position? a. constructive method b. deconstructive method c. Socratic method d. Sophist method
to practice a skill that students have already learned.
What is the purpose of using independent learning as a grouping format?
basic academic research
What kind of research is for purpose of finding out information, which is typically the goal of university researchers and professional associations?
D. problem-based
What type of curriculum is a teacher using when students are confronted with a scenario and asked to generate hypotheses and solutions? A. program-based B. concept-based C. computer-based D. problem-term-based
A. abuse hotline.
When a student with a large bruise on their face is questioned by the teacher, the student says that they fell at home while playing. Having previously noticed bruises on the student, the teacher suspects that the child is being abused. The teacher is required by law to contact the A. abuse hotline. B. guidance counselor. C. school administration. D. social worker.
receptive
When an English Language Learner has developed the ability to understand a message in a second language, the student has developed _____________ language - the ability to receive and understand messages.
Intensive, direct instruction to individual students
When teaching basic mathematics, what kind of instruction is most likely to be needed specifically for students with special needs in a general education classroom?
Interpreting the meaning of the common core standard
When working with standards, what will be your fist task?
attribution retaining
When you convince students that their failures are due to lack of effort rather than ability, you are enhancing their self-image by utilizing...
Reflexes (sensorimotor stage)
Which Piaget's stage: 0-1 month
Primary Circular Reactions (sensorimotor stage)
Which Piaget's stage: 1-4 months
Early Representational Thought (sensorimotor stage):
Which Piaget's stage: 18-24 months
Secondary Circular Reactions (sensorimotor stage)
Which Piaget's stage: 4-8 months
B. norm-referenced Scored on a scale that shows here each student stands in RELATION to the larger group of test takers, which makes them a useful way to identify candidates for a gifted program . Not used to determine state standards Measures high, medium and low achievers by asessing certain skills.
Which of the following assessments would be best for comparing a student's knowledge with that of other students in the same grade level? A. teacher-made B. norm-referenced C. performance-based D. content-referenced
second-party replication of results
Which of the following contains the most accurate research a. peer-reviewed journals b. encyclopedias c. second-party replication of results d. newspapers
c. pacing guide
Which of the following documents is used during lesson planning to determine approximately how much time should be spent on an objective? a. state standards b. teacher's edition of the textbook c. pacing guide d. assessment calendar
d. teacher effectiveness
Which of the following has the greatest impact on the learning environment of a middle school? a. interdisciplinary learning b. mentoring programs c. parent involvement d. teacher effectiveness
B. Vary the length and depth of the assignment
Which procedure will be most useful in making the academic assignment meet the needs of the ESE students? A. Make assignment on alternate days B. Vary the length and depth of the assignment C. Lower the reading level of all assigned material D. Provide rubrics during all seatwork assignment
Herbart
Who found and proposed that there are 5 steps in the teaching process?
differences within the same grammatical class
Wood (1976) describes six stages of syntax acquisition. Stage 5 - ages 3,5 to 7 years: The child is becoming aware of appropriate semantic functions of words and....
These are carefully designed, designated places in the classroom where students can go to explore and learn, either individually or with others.
Work Station or Learning Centers
What is Competency 1?
Work with individuals of other professions to maintain a climate of mutual respect and shared values
Abstract
_____________ relationships are expressing an opinion or justifying a course of action.
In Florida, the code for a non-LEP/ELL student is
ZZ
This is the distance between a students independent level of problem-solving ability and the students potential level of problem solving ability that can be achieved with assistance from an adult or more capable peer.
Zone of proximal development
self-efficacy
___ is the belief in one's capabilities to achieve a goal or an outcome.
locus of control
___ reflects the degree to which students feel they have power over forces in their lives
physiological factors
___ that impact the learner includes modality preference, food/drink intake, time of day, and mobility opportunities
personal characteristics
____ of the learner includes motivation, persistence, responsibility, and preference with regard to structure
instructional objective
a clearly written statement of what students are expected to know and be able to do as a result of an instructional learning experience
What is an instructional objective?
a clearly written statement of what students are expected to know and be able to do as a result of an instructional learning experience.
Porfolio Assessment
a collection of work systematically collected by a teacher to determine learning gains and current performance level.
Autism
a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind
syllogistic reasoning
a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion
programmed instruction
a learning method in which complex material is broken down into a series of small steps that learners master at their own pace
Existentialism
a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.
teacher expectations
a phrase used to describe a teacher's opinion of the likelihood that students will be successful
inquiry learning
a process in which students engage when they have identified a problem to be solved
guided practice
a process in which the teacher works students through a new procedure or strategy, providing assistance when needed
criterion measure
a specific behavior to be predicted by the score on the test
Stanine Score
a way to easily group students from lowest perfomance to the top performers and a way to compare groups of students.
eye contact
an indication of a person's openness to communication
this is a procedure or practice that permits students with disabilities to have equitable access to instructions and assessments
accommodations
Fluency is the ability to read a text
accurately, quickly, and expressively. It includes rate (words per minute), automaticity (fluent processing of information), and prosody (pitch, phrasing, intonation, and expression).
Enactive Representation
action based, muscle memory *shaking hands or asking for a rattle
Diagnostic Assessments
administered before instruction and are designed to identify students strengths and weaknesses. (i.e. pretest, student interviews, etc.)
category for learning that involves manual, athlectic, and other physical skills (IOVRR) Internalizing > Organizing > Valuing > Responding > Receiving
affective domain- (IOVRR)
predict
anticipate the outcome of a situation
Assistive devices and tools (ESE)
alternative keyboards, trcakballs, joysticks, switch scanning systems, touch screens, mouth sticks, head wands, eye-gaze or head control systems.
The educator has legal obligations to protect a student from
an abusive home environment, but is not required to report the abuse through the state of Florida code of ethics.
reading comprehension
an active process to derive meaning from a text selection or to create meaning in a text selection
strategy teaching
an approach to teaching that recognizes the available repertoire of instructional strategies
checklist
an assessment tool, listing skills or performances, that can used by teachers or students to monitor learning
think alouds
an effective way to teach the skill of comprehension monitoring
learning centers
an essential feature of the early childhood environment (listening, math, dramatic play, house-keeping centers)
cooperative learning
an instructional strategy in which students are placed in small groups where they work together on a collective task that has been clearly defined and explained
content area
an organized body of knowledge or discipline such as math, social studies, or science
Subdividing knowledge to show how it fits together requires ______ level thinking
analysis
Left Brain dominant is more ________
analytical
Screening assessments
are administered to all students. BOY ( baseline), MOY (midyear), EOY (end of the year).
Modifications (students with disabilities)
are changes in what a student is expected to learn and may include changes to content, requirements, and expected level of mastery.
Accommodations (students with disabilities)
are changes that are made in how the student accesses information and demonstrates performance (Rule 6A-6.03028( 2)( e), FAC).
Scale Scores
are not effective in determining specific student needs, only how they eprformed overall.
Progress monitoring assessments
are regularly administered (that is, dynamic, ongoing) assessments used to evaluate students' academic progress for the purpose of making data-based decisions regarding instruction and interventions.
question answering
asking and answering questions about the text selection in a straightforward procedure, easily implemented, quickly beneficial to students, and useful at any grade level and in any content area
Criterion-Referenced test
assess students by comparing their performance to a predetermined level of mastery. i.e. FCAT
Early Screening Inventory - Kindergarten (ESI-K)
assesses children's visual-motor/adaptive development, their language and cognition, and their gross motor skills
A criterion-referenced test
assesses students by comparing their performance to a predetermined level of mastery. Florida's statewide, standardized assessments are criterion-referenced tests.
Jean Piaget proposed that learning involves three basic processes:
assimilation, accommodation and equilibration.
Teachers are more likely to use new skills and knowledge on an ongoing basis in classrooms if they have ____ in trying out the new skills and knowledge.
assistance
Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA)
assists the students in the transition from a language arts program in which the content is made comprehensible through the use of ESOL strategies
summative assessment occurs
at the end of a specific time period
a student who is talkative, is a good storyteller, memorizes easily, is easily distracted, and enjoys being in charge is ___ type of learner (auditory, visual, or tactile/kinesthetic)
auditory
what are the sensory modality strengths by which students learn
auditory, visual, tactile/kinesthetic
There are two broad categories of multiple-choice questions. One is a free standing that contains all the info necessary. The other type of MC questions are
based on a short essay or narrative
The language skills required for everyday activities are called?
basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)
Transitions allow students to...
be aware of future events, topics, and expectations. It helps them with the pace of the classroom and the teaching
S1&2 Preconventional
behave---> get reward 0-9
overlapping
being able to do more than one thing at a time, such as moving to stand beside a student who is off-task, answering a question from another student, and monitoring cooperative learning groups, all simultaneously
smoothness
being able to effect smooth transitions between activities
momentum
being able to keep instruction moving at a brisk pace
group altering
being able to keep students' attention on the learning task
withitness
being aware of what is happening in the classroom at all times
What is sensorimotor cognition
birth - age 2. Learning is through the senses and motor development and through trial and error.
A classic and widely used guide in identifying and writing instrcutional objectives is the Taxonomy of education objectives The classification system was developed by psychologists, teachers and test eperts for use in curriculum development, teaching, and testing and consists of three general categories caleld domains that emcompass the possibilities of learnign outcomes that might be expected from instruction: Cognitive domain - category for learning that involves thinking capabilities, from recalling simple facts to judging the quality of an argument (ESAACK) affective domain- category for learning that involves manual, athlectic, and other physical skills (IOVRR) physomotor - category for leaning that involves manual, athletic, and other physical skills (COG)
bloom's taxonomy
seriation
can arrange objects in sequential order
facial expressions
can send positive or negative nonverbal messages
class inclusion
can think of the whole and its parts simultaneously
work stations
carefully designs areas for exploration of topics or for practice and extension of concepts previously learned
Reflective students ponder all the alternatives carefully before responding, working _______ and _______
cautiously and deliberately
Critical thinkers identify and _______ assumptions
challenge
unfreezing stage
change agent promotes problem identification and encourages awareness of the need for change
Unquestionably, student _____ is the most important component of the evaluation of the professional development for IPDPs.
changes
individualized instruction
characterized by a shift in responsibility for learning from the teacher to the student (independent study or peer tutoring)
autonomous morality
children develop autonomy and are willing to challenge rules
pre-alphabetic phase
children don't yet think of a word as composed of letters. such that individual letters contribute to the pronunciation of the word. What phase?
cooperative play
children play as a group of two or more complex social interaction (ex: conversations, turn taking, choosing sides) and with a common focus
parallel play
children play side-by-side, engage in similar activities, might mimic each other, but do not play together and interact very little
associative play
children play similar activities side-by-side with interaction such as talking or sharing, but with little joint focus
Action research is conducted by teachers in their own _______.
classrooms
Professional development must be used in the ___ by teachers in order to impact on the learning of the students.
classrooms
convergent questions
closed-ended questions that have a limited number of correct responses (bad)
Connecting to and using computer storage, resources, and applications from an off-side third-party provider
cloud computing
Bloom classified educational objectives into a systems that was divided into three parts
cognitive (memory and reasoning), affective (emotions), and psychomotor (physical abilities)
disequilibrium
cognitive conflict
To be purely Interprofessional Education, the focus must be on:
collaborative practice competency development and culminate into opportunities to apply or practice with students from other professions
interdisciplinary instruction
combining several disciplines into one or more lessons
Brainstorming
coming up with as many solutions to a problem as possible in a short period of time with no censoring of ideas
games with rules play
commonly begins near school-age and involves the ability to agree upon and abide by rules (playing simon says)
functional play
commonly occurs from birth to age 2 and involves movement and sensory exploration of the environment (for example, a toddler banging on a toy piano)
The traditional model of practitioners working alone to provide patient care can result in:
communication failures and is detrimental to patient safety
media/technology communication
communication through the use of overhead projectors, computers, videos, DVDs, CDs, TV, the Web and so on
Norm-Referenced Tests
compare students based on a normative sample of students who have already completed the test. Students are then ranked to see where they land on the bell-curve.
Percentile ranking
compares how well a student performed in camparison to other students who took the same test.
Struggling students are usually ______ thinkers
concrete
_______________ learners rely on physically experiencing it;
concrete
using manipulatives would appeal to ___ (concrete, abstract) learners.
concrete
Hearing Impaired
concrete objects, seated close to speaker, good lighting, model rather than correct information spoken
what are three principles of test construction
construct according to a blueprint, reflect the knowledge and skills required, and type of test items should be chosen that best suit knowledge and skill
refers to the level of cognitive demand that standards and curriculum place on learners. Depth of knowledge or DOK model of content complexity as a means of classifying the cognitive demand presented by standards and curriculum. The DOK model consists of 4 levels 1 recall 2 basic application of concepts and skills 3 strategic thinking and complex reasoning 4 extended thinking and complex reasoning
content complexity
which type of standard describes the knowledge or skills that educators want students to learn
content standards
Facilitators employ _________________ questions (closed-ended questions that have a limited number of correct responses) to obtain facts,
convergent
disadvantages in grading an authentic assessment, such as a project, can be overcome by
creating a checklist for required elements and a rating scale for quality
Right Brain dominant is more ________
creative
CRT
criterion-referenced tests
Blooms Taxonomy- Evaluation
involves judging the quality of an idea or solution.
posing questions
crucial skill that teachers use to provide focus to the discussion and elicit and extent students' reasoning and critical thinking
Oral language proficiency is easily acquired through...
daily living experiences
Teachers should use ________ research to improve instruction and student achievement.
data-informed
Plyler v. Doe (1982)—
decided that a state's statute denying school enrollment to children of illegal immigrants "violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment."
Reasoning from the general to the specific is called ____ reasoning
deductive
_________________________ reasoning is the process of using an accepted rule to draw a conclusion about a specific example. Syllogistic reasoning and conditional reasoning are part of ___________________ reasoning.
deductive
mean
determined by adding up all the scores and dividing this sum by the total number of scores that were added
physical knowledge
developed from physical interaction with objects
logical knowledge
developed from recognizing logical relationships between objects and ideas
social knowledge
developed through custom and social convention
According to Krashen and Terrell, the topic centered language approach...
develops basic communication skills with the way individuals naturally acquire language
teaching machine
device developed by Skinner to run a classroom.
Jerome bruner
discovery learning and constructivism 1. Enactive mode 2. Iconic mode 3. Symbolic mode
According to the SCANS Report, a problem is a "_____ between what is and what could be."
discrepancy
When children encounter new data or information, they experience?
disequilibrium
The Area Centers for Educational Enhancement coordinate with school ___ to offer professional development training for teachers in areas identified by the School Community Professional Development Act.
districts
Skilled facilitators use ___________________ questions (open-ended questions that allow many correct responses) to engage students in higher-level thinking and generate ideas, reactions, or opinions
divergent
Spelling errors do not allow for?
divergent or creative thinking
Percentile Rank
does not reflect how well an individual student scored or what they, but only compares a student to much larger group of students to see how their performances compare.
Analysis, synthesis, and _______ are higher-order thinking skills
evaluation
Introspection
examination of one's own thoughts and feelings
students who have the ability to think about issues of ultimate reality have ___ intelligence
existential
schema
existing mental structures
Prosody refers to the pitch, intonation, and _______ of reading
expression
The three characters following the dot at the end of a file name that indicates the file type
extension
a students who says "I failed the test because there were a lot of trick questions on it" likely has an ___ locus of control
external
students with ___ believe they are under the control of other people or forces outside themselves
external locus of control
identifying relevant information
extracting major ideas or themes from the statements of others
Words like never and always are examples of absolutes that should be used in true/false questions. (T/F)
false
true or false: A grade equivalent score of 7.6 obtained by a 4th grader on a standardized math test means that the 4th graders can do math at the 7th grade level.
false
Learners having the ability to perceive objects as a whole rather than as individual parts is called?
field dependent
this type of learner is active in social situations, tend to be influenced by suggestions from others, likes to work in groups, chooses fields requiring interpersonal, nonscientific orientation, such as history, art, or social work
field dependent
this type of learner processes information holisticlly, has difficulty separating specific parts from a situation or pattern, able to see relational concepts
field dependent
ELL Testing Accomodations
flexible setting, felxible scheduling, Assitance in heritage langauge and approved dictionary
centration
focus on one aspect of a situation
The last stage of development, ___________ _______________ begins at about age 12 and continues to adulthood. Adolescents who reach this stage begin to think more easily about abstract concepts,
formal operational
Engel v. Vitale (1962)—
found that school-created prayer in school, even when students pray voluntarily, is unconstitutional.
Sigmund Freud
founder of psychoanalysis
At a minimum, teachers should have ___ calendar days that are designated for professional development.
four
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)—
gave schools the right to censor student speech in circumstances where the speech is contrary to the schools' "basic educational mission."
In Florida, ESE services are provided to students with disabilities and to students identified as ______ students
gifted
right-brain dominate
global and inductive are terms that are used interchangeably with ___ to describe learners based on their brain hemispheric orientation
preplanning
going through each lesson mentally, from the student's point of view and anticipating explanations, information, and directions they will need in order to carry out the lesson successfully
Constructivist teachers recognize the power of _____ dynamics
group
corners
group members meet in a designated corner of the room to discuss an assigned topic and then teach it to the rest of the class
proximodistal progression
growth and motor ability develop from the central axis of the body outward
A process in which the teacher works students through a new procedure or strategy, providing assistance when needed.
guided practice
what are some ways to accommodate an tactile/kinesthetic learner
hands on activities, manipulatives, outdoor activities, role playing, associate concepts with movement activities
sight words
high-frequency words (the, and) are automatically recognized and become part of children's growing set of _______________.
critical and creative thinking
higher level thinking skills that Florida students need in all subject areas and as preparation for everyday life, including the world of work
critical thinking skills
higher level thinking skills; analysis, synthesis, and evaluation
Bloom's taxonomy
higher order thinking skills: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation
percentile scores rank students from
highest to lowest
The McKinney-Vento Act prohibits segregation in schools of ______Children
homeless
What are some Urgent Danger Signs
hopelessness, talking, writing or hinting about suicide, lethargy, apathy, extreme changes in behavior.
intERdividual knowledge
how learners are a like and how they are different
Lesson Objectives
identifies what learners should be able to do as a result of learning the content
Ralph Tyler
impacted curriculum development in schools; authored Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction; called "the grand old man of educational research"
An _________ ______________ (also called a grade-level team) consists of two or more teachers from different subject areas who collaboratively plan for the students they commonly instruct.
interdisciplinary team
This is a team consisting of two or more teacher from different subject areas who collaboratively plan for the students they commonly instruct.
interdisciplinary team
multidisciplinary studies
involves integrating academic fields of study
students with ___ believe that events they experience are under their own control
internal locus of control
nature
internal variables represent
Students with strong ___ intelligence will enjoy group activities
interpersonal
PS/RtI- tier 2
interventions are more targeted, extra instruction and support that smaller groups of students might receive to help them catch up
PS/RtI- tier 1
interventions are the general core academics instructions and behavior support that is provided to all students
PS/RtI- tier 3
interventions are the most intense instruction and support and focus on individual students
Blooms Taxonomy- Application
involves applying knowledge to produce a result
application level thinking
involves applying knowledge to produce a result
positive punishment
involves giving an undesirable consequence (for example, extra work) in order to deter undesirable behavior
comprehension level thinking
involves making interpretations of previously learned material
Blooms Taxonomy- Comprehension
involves making interpretations of previously learned material.
Blooms Taxonomy- Synthesis
involves putting together ideas or elements to form a whole
synthesis level thinking
involves putting together ideas or elements to form a whole
Blooms Taxonomy- Knowledge/Factual
involves recalling or remembering information
knowledge level thinking
involves recalling or remembering information
analysis level thinking
involves subdividing knowledge to show how it fits together
Direct instruction
is a teacher-led (but student-centered) instructional strategy in which the teacher as a subject-matter expert provides systematic and explicit instruction.
Discovery learning .
is designed to encourage students to be active learners while exploring new concepts, developing new skills, and figuring things out for themselves
learning styles
is the manner in which an individual perceives and processes information in learning situations
Drawing inferences
is the process of reaching conclusions based on implications from students input.
Morphology
is the study of how morphemes are combined to make words
Redireting
is the technique of posing a question or prompt to students for a response or to add new insights.
A lightweight, miniature, portable storage device for computer files
jump drive
multiple-choice, true/false, matching, fill-in-the-blank, short answer test what levels in blooms tax
knowledge and comprehension
diversity
knowledge of cultural, linguistic, and learning style differences and how these differences affect the classroom practice and student learning
human development and learning
knowledge of how to apply human development and learning theories that support intellectual, personal, and social development of all students
S2&3 Conventional
law--->order 10-15
constructivist instruction
learner-centered instructional strategy based on the constructivist believe that learning is an active process, that it has social aspects, and that it is context specific
field independent
learners who have the ability to perceive objects without being influenced by the background are (field dependent or field independent)
games
learning activities that have rules and involve students in competitive situations, having winners and losers
simulations
learning activity designed to reflect reality
Prioritizing professional development is needed because of time and funding _____.
limitations
Assitance in heritage langauge (ELL)
limited by proctor
What type of graph is used to show student gains?
line graphs
active listening
listening in a way that indicates to the speaker that you are paying attention and hearing the speaker's message
Students who would rather work with patterns or solve problems have ___ intelligence
logical-mathematical
cognitive complexity classification
low complexity (recall, identify, locate, recognize); moderate complexity (demonstrate comprehension); high complexity (demonstrate the use of higher order thinking skills including abstract reasoning
The goal of the maintenance bilingual education model is to...
maintain that native language of the second-language learned.
when a few scores are either very high or very low compared to the rest of the scores, the ___________ is a better choice to use for the average.
median
Mencius
major follower of Confucius; stressed that humans were essentially good and that governments required the consent of their subjects.
PS/RtL involves ______ instruction and intervention to meet the diverse needs of learners.
matching
Teachers should avoid overusing praise because it can become ______ to students.
meaningless
Dynamic Indicators of Basic Literacy Skills (DIBELS)
measures important skills that form the basis for early success in reading
these measures are used frequently for determining certain information in assessment and deal with mean, median, and mode
measures of central tendency
The self-talk learners use to monitor and guide themselves as they work through a problem is called _____/______
private speech
Reflective teaching helps teachers become ___ in their teaching practices.
proactive
If a teacher is not performing his or her duties in a satisfactory manner by the teachers' appraisal , the teacher is placed on performance ____.
probation
Head nodding is a nonverbal cue that can be used when ______ for additional information
probing
in _________________________________________, students present their results, but an end-product might or might not be required.
problem-based learning
values clarification
process by which people come to understand their own values and value system
vicarious punishment
process where the observer sees the model punished, making the observer less likely to imitate the model's behavior
Which of the following are part of formative assessments and which are part of summative assessments: progress reports, report card grades
progress reports are part of formative assessments and report card grades are part of summative assessments
Dewey is known as the father of _____
progressivism
Lee v. Weisman (1992)—
prohibited clergy from offering prayer at public school ceremonies.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)
prohibited schools from requiring that students participate in flag salutes or other patriotic ceremonies as a part of the school curriculum.
type of authentic assessment that promotes student control of learning experiences, allow for research into a variety of topics, and the chance to use more than just written reports
projects
which authentic assessment promotes student self-assessment and why
projects b/c students must evaluate their progress at each step
formative
projects, observations, anecdotal records, checklist, and portfolios are what type of assessment/data
authentic assessment types are
projects, observations, checklists, anecdotal records, portfolios, self-assessment, peer assessment
Other than longer essays, what else assesses learning at higher levels
projects, papers, and portfolios
journals
provide a way for students to respond in writing to a prompt by the teacher and to reflect on their own learning
how might you overcome the inflexibility of a checklist
provide an area for an open-ended comment section at the end of a checklist
conferences or interviews
provide an opportunity to discuss and question a student about what the student knows and is able to do
Kallison Jr found that retention was increased when a teacher...
provided an outline detailing what would be discussed during a lesson and a summary of the lesson at the end
Instructional lesson modification includes...
providing an overview and identifying key concepts
Successful learners set a ______ for learning
purpose
norm-reference test (NRT)
purpose is to provide a way to compare the performance of groups of students
Blooms taxonomy - synthesis
putting information together in a new way, developing a new way of solving problems
The Florida Legislature has established criteria for certification that assures that teachers in Florida are professionally ___.
qualified
probing questions
questions designed to help critical thinking by examining information and reasoning in more depth
Prompting questions
questions that include the use of hints to aid students in answering or in correcting an initial response
Impulsive students tend to work and make decisions ____?
quickly
___ is hte total number of correct responses on an assessment
raw score
DELETE
receptive skills which always exceed the productive skills of speaking and writing
Denying the antecedent
refers to assuming that when the first part of a conditional statement is not true, then the second part of the statement must also be false.
Affirming the consequent
refers to assuming the first part of a conditional statement must be true when the second part is true.
proximity
refers to the physical distance separating individuals
Researchers maintain that effective teachers are ____ practitioners, meaning that they monitor and assess whether their teaching is effective.
reflective
Florida School Readiness Uniform Screening System (SRUSS)
requires that new kindergarten students in Florida public schools be assessed for school readiness at the beginning of the school year (ESI-K and DIBELS)
Joining a professional organization provides an opportunity for teachers to keep abreast of the latest ____ and innovative practices in their areas.
research
During preoperational stage of cognition children lack-
reversibility and conservation
Preoperational is characterized by what children lack---
reversibility, conservation
Brain hemisphericity refers to the tendency to being either ________ or _________?
right-brain dominant or left-brain dominant
Teachers should not intentionally violate a students legal ______
rights
Marshall Rosenberg categorizes learners as?
rigid-inhibited, undisciplined, acceptance-anxious, and creative.
mode
the score in a distribution that appears most frequently
Professional development trainers should teach the teachers using the ___ strategies and techniques that teachers are expected to use with their students in the classroom.
same
process/product assessment
same as authentic assessment; long been used in science, math, social studies, and language arts
stanine scores
scores derived from percentiles; compare test performance using nine intervals that are numbered 1 to 9
The sequence of words and or symbols used to define a search on the internet
search string
egocentric
sees the world from their own point of view
metacognition
self-monitoring your own comprehension
According to Piaget, what are the stages of cognition, or thinking?
sensorimotor (object permanence), preoperational (egocentric, centration, symbolic thought, concrete operational (decenter, class inclusion, seriation) and formal operational (abstract concepts).
In practice, problem solving seldom occurs in a ______, step-by-step manner.
sequential
if the purpose is to test student recall of factual info, then what kind of test would be most effective
short objective test such as multiple choice, true/false, matching, fill-in-the-blank
Box and Whisker Plot
shows the median score, variation of the median and the lowest and highest value.
exploiting the ripple effect
skillfully using the phenomenon that occurs, for example, when a teacher reminds an off-task student to get back to work and all the other off-task students also return to their assigned task
Standard Deviation
spread from mean of data The farther the more deviation
In diverse classrooms teachers should explicitly teach students ______ skills related to getting along well together.
social
Kurt Lewin
social psychology; German refugee who escaped Nazis, proved the democratic style of leadership is the most productive; studied effects of 3 leadership styles on children completing activities
Praise should be ______ not global
specific
What happens during preoperational stage of cognition stage?
stage, from ages 2 to 6, children are highly imaginative, and they enjoy games of pretend. Egocentric, centration, symbolic thought.
___ is a measure of the dispersion of a set of data values about the mean of the data set
standard deviation
sunshine state standards (sss)
standards that identify what public school students should know and be able to do
___ scores usually are derived from percentile and compare test performance using nine intervals that are numbers in order 1 to 9
stanine
What is the opening statement in a multiple choice question called? What are the choices that follow a MC question called?
stem, alternatives
The identification of roots and affixes involves _____/_____
structural analysis
According to the School Community Professional Development Act, a district's professional development system must be designed around a focus on increased ___ achievement.
student
The evaluation of a district's professional development system must include an annual assessment of data that indicates _____ progress or lack of progress.
student
The Natural Approach (ESOL)
students acquire a new vocabulary through experiences and associations with words because the words are used in meaningful ways and contexts.
role playing
students act out characters based on real-world models
independent silent reading
students are encouraged to read extensively on their own
Felxible Responding (ESE)
students dictataing responses to a proctor if they do not have use of their hands. Ex. Speech to text technology
CLOZE Testing
students draw on several language skill areas. These are reading tests that provide an indication of overall language ability and consist of passages from which words are omitted at regular intervals
project-based learning
students investigate real-world problems and then share their findings
choral reading
students read along as a group with the teacher or another fluent adult reader
Scaffolding (ESOL)
students should be provided with steps of learning that allow for consolidation and success.
tactile/kinesthetic learner
students who prefer to learn by touching objects, by feeling shapes and texture, and by moving things around are
debate
students work in teams to research a topic and formulate persuasive arguments supporting their viewpoints on an issue
think pair and share
students work individually on an assigned problem solving task and then they pair with a partner to discuss and revise and then they share their results with the entire class
Assessment that occurs at the end of an instructional unit is __________ assessment.
summative
Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT)
summative assessment tool which measures students' achievement on the Florida Sunshine State Standards; administered in grades 3-11; measures skills in reading, writing, science, and math
Visually Imparied
tactile clues, barriers, descriptive language
a student who has good motor skills, avoids reading, and sometime appears immature in behavior is ___ type of learner (auditory, visual, or tactile/kinesthetic)
tactile/kinesthetic
developmentally appropriate practice
take into account the typical patterns of physical, social, and cognitive development of students in order to optimize student learning and to promote social growth
The three main ways children acquire the majority of their vocabulary are through
talking with adults, listening to adults read to them, and reading on their own.
process of identifying the prerequisite skills and prior knowledge that students must have in order to achieve the instructional objective with a high degree of success
task analysis
Principals are required by law to establish and maintain for each _____ an individual professional development plan (IPDP).
teacher
With-it-ness
teacher awareness of all events transpiring in a learning environment
___ serve as a valuable instructional aid b/c they help determine progress
test
The teacher should make a judgement about the degree of emphasis given to each objective so the test will reflect a proportional emphasis. This judgment is the first step in preparing a
test blueprint
a plan for the teacher to assess the relative importance of the objectives and goals to be tested and to identify the type of items or activities to be used to test for those objectives
test blueprint
High-Ordered Activity....
tests the students ability to apply information, evaluate information, and create new information
Florida School Readiness Uniform Screening System (SRUSS)requires
that new kindergarten students in Florida public schools be assessed for school readiness at the beginning of the school year (ESI-K and DIBELS)
self-fulfilling prophecy
that teachers get what they expect from students
three
the Florida Assessments for Instruction in Reading (FAIR) is a statewide reading assessment system that provides K-12 screening, diagnostic, and progress-monitoring data. It's managed and administered by the Just Read, Florida! Office and is given ________ times a year, offered free of charge to Florida school districts.
social setting
the ___ in which learning opportunities are presented includes grouping arrangement and teacher interaction patterns
environmental setting
the ___ in which learning opportunities are presented includes room temp, lighting, noise level, and seating
self regulation
the ability to learn and solve problems on one's own without assistance
symbolic thought
the ability to mentally represent objects, events, and actions
reversability
the ability to mentally reverse an operation
alphabet knowledge
the ability to name the letters of the alphabet and recognize these letters in print
Cognitive/Academic Language Proficiency Test
the aspects of language proficiency strongly related to literacy and academic achievement
grade level expectations
the basis for the FCAT; helpful resource to teachers of basic subjects
syllabication
the breaking down of words into each uninterrupted unit of spoken language
affective domain
the category for learning that involves feeling, values, and dispositions
psychomotor domain
the category for learning that involves manual, athletic, and other physical skills
cognitive domain
the category for learning that involves thinking capabilities, from recalling simple facts to judging the quality of an argument
conditions
the circumstances in which the action will take place
predictive validity
the criterion measure is administrated at some point in the future
zone of proximal development
the distance between a student's independent level of problem-solving ability and the student's potential level of problem-solving ability that can achieved with assistance from an adult or more capable peer
z-score
the distance in standard deviations from the mean of the scores on the assessment; (raw score - mean) / standard deviation
nurture
the environment around us represents
schedule of reinforcement
the frequency with which reinforcement is given influences the response rate of a behavior and its resistance to extinction
action zone
the front of the class (received the most attention)
range
the greatest score minus the least score in a set of scores; the simplest measure of variability
a group of students score at the 80th percentile means...
the group scored as well as or better than 80 percent of the students who took the test
logical reasoning
the higher level thinking processes that are used to make decisions or draw conclusions
object permanence
the knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight
cognitive complexity
the level of cognitive demand associated with test items
level of mastery
the level of proficiency expected for the action
Summative Assessment
the process of evaluation student achievement at the end of an instructional period (a quiz administrated by the teacher at the end of an instructional unit, a student's report card, a "high stakes", state achievement test administrated at the end of the school year.
preplan
the process of going through a lesson mentally from the student's point of view and anticipate explanations, information, directions, additional instruction, and so on
Growth
the process of increasing in physical size.
drawing inferences
the process of reaching conclusions based on implications from students' input
communication
the process of sending and receiving both verbal and nonverbal messages in order to convey information, ideas, attitudes, or feelings
planning
the process teachers use to develop instructional plans
In inductive teaching...
the students are provided with examples and non-examples are are expected to derive the definition from this information.
learning experiences
the third step in using backward design to plan a lesson is to determine _____________ that will provide students with skills they need to move toward mastery.
cognition
thinking
Metacognition is the process of
thinking about and monitoring one's own thinking. It refers to a person's awareness of, reflection on, understanding of, and control over his or her mental operations.
true-false: In the short run, learning styles are resistant to change
true
___ test is one that does not unfairly favor a particular group of people
unbaised
Long term memory is said to be?
unlimited and permanent.
Signs of Performance enhancing drugs
unusual gain in muscle mass, aggressive behavior or rage, deeper voice, severe acne, stomach pain,
what are some ways to accommodate an visual learner
use graphic aids, use videos and power point, use models and demos, use memory and concentration games, play "what's missing?" games, use puzzles and art activities, provide time for independent work
An example of cognitive learning theory in practice would be?
using a manipulative to teacher math for students under the age of 11.
Performance Assessment
used in music, art, and drama
reciprocal teaching
using a teaching strategy in which students are involved in the cognitive strategies of summarizing, questioning, clarifying, and predicting as they read texts
extrinsic motivation
using external reinforcement in the form of rewards to get students in engage in learning
triangulate data
using two or more different data sources to corroborate results
symbolic play
usually begins around age 2 and involves using materials or objects to represent things (using a block to represent a telephone) or engaging in imaginary roles (playing store)
All classroom teachers in Florida must hold a ____ Florida teaching certificate.
valid
if a student scores low on a test b/c they could not understand the questions, then the test is not ___ b/c it measures reading ability instead of content knowledge
valid
has to do with whether the assessment instrument measures what it is supposed
validity
critical response journals
valuable tool in encouraging students to read analytically
The interprofessional dynamics section of the standard addresses issues such as:
values and ethics, interprofessional communication, conflict resolution, and honoring interprofessional roles and responsibilities
quartile
values that divide an ordered data set into four portions, each of which contains approximately 1/4 of the data
students with strong ___ intelligence tend to think in images rather than in words or sounds
visaul/spatial
a student who notices small details, has good spatial memory, enjoys drawing, likes puzzles, has trouble remembering oral instructions is ____ type of learner (auditory, visual, or tactile/kinesthetic)
visual
A network which can be made up of interconnected smaller networks, that allows users to communicate and share information throughout a district a state or the world
wide area network (WAN)
Intimacy V. Isolation
young adult
The __________ for a raw score is its distance in standard deviations from the mean of the scores on the assessment. To compute a ______________, use the following formula: (raw score- mean) ÷ (standard deviation)
z-score
The _________ is (most commonly) the total number of correct responses on an assessment.
raw score
what are some ways to accommodate an auditory learner
read directions orally, use repetition, have learners read aloud, have learners act as peer tutors, use group activities
In order for an accommodation to be allowed on the FCAT the accommodation must be specified on the IEP or 504 and used _____ in classroom instruction and assessment.
regularly
thematic instruction
the organization of instruction around a central topic
lecture method,
the teacher uses one-way communication to attempt to convey knowledge to the learner orally. The recommended length of time for teacher lectures is 10 to 15 minutes.
lecture method
the teacher uses one-way communication to attempt to convey knowledge to the learner orally; recommended time 10-15 min; least effective teaching strategy
Treatment fidelity
the teaching practice as it was provided in research is called....
symbolic representation
the use of one object to stand for another
motivation
the willingness or desire of a student to exhibit a behavior such as productively engaging in a learning experience
Havighurst
theory based on developmental tasks
Which test allows the possibility that all students can score 100% and why?
CRT, b/c students understand the concepts being tested
Standard requires teachers to provide convincing evidence that professional learning had a positive impact on student achievement gains as measured by classroom assessment data.
Changes in Students
What are warning signs of suicide?
Changes in sleep or eating patters, neglect of personal appearance, depression, sadness, anger, aggressiveness, alcohol or drug abuse, self mutilation, isolation, loss of interest. etc.
Modifications
Changes to what a student is expected to learn. May include changes to content, requirements, and expected level of mastery which might result in the awarding of a special diploma at graduation to the student receiving the modifications
Punishment
Characterized by positive or negative. Positive punishment involves giving an undesirable consequences for example extra work in order to deter undesirable behavior. Negative punishment involves taking away a desirable reward for example, free time in order to deter undesirable behavior
Two important individuals associated with pragmatism are?
Charles Sanders Pierce and John Dewey
Problem-based learning
Classroom activity in which students acquire new knowledge and skills while working on a complex problem similar to those in the outside world.
positive terms
Classroom rules should be stated in... (C2)
LP
Code designating a 4-12 ELL student for whom the reading / writing test is pending. C7
In addition to the students academic performance, Florida law request that report cards clearly depict and grade the students ______ and the students _____
Conduct and Attendance
_________________reasoning is the process of drawing a general conclusion based on one or more examples.
Inductive
This teaches the students the relationship between the letters of written language and the individual sounds of spoken language.
Phonics
Students learn to segment words in phonemes and to make words by writing letters for phonemes: Example Spell Cat... C-A-T
Phonics Through Spelling
graphemes
Phonics instruction teaches students the relationship between the letters, __________________, of written language and the individual sounds (phonemes) of spoken language.
Sensorimotor stage
Piaget divided THIS stage into six substages: Reflexes (0-1 month); Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months); Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months); Coordination of Reactions (8-12 months), Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months); Early Representational Thought (18-24 months)
According to Johnson and Johnson, the five critical attributes of cooperative learning are what? List the 5
Postive Interdependence Individual accountability Group processing of social skills Face-to-Face promotive interaction Effective interpersonal interaction
The zone of proximal development is the distance between a students independent level of problem-solving ability and the students _____ level of problem-soling ability that can be achieved with assistance.
Potential
overlearning
Practicing beyond the point of mastery to improve retention. C3
creativity
Putting together ideas to come up with new ideas or understandings. C3
Is the application of critical and creative thinking in the investigation of natural phenomena through scientific inquiry.
Scientific thinking
What are the types of formative assessments?
Screening assessments, diagnostic, progress monitoring, informal classroom assessment.
assimilation
The process of a cultural group or individual taking on traits of another culture at the expense of cultural identity. C7
Accountability
The process of requiring students to demonstrate that they have met specified common core standards and holding teachers responsible for students' performance is the best described as
decoding
The process of sounding out words is known as ___________.
memory
________________________ refers to the way the brain categorizes new information and makes connections so that it can be retrieved at a later time.
intelligence
_________________tests help diagnose exceptionalities.
having students create a human graph will appeal to ___ intelligence.
bodily/kenesthic
Applying spelling rules or guidelines to improve spelling would be an example of what?
deductive reasoning
true or false: When making a true-false question on an assessment, it is acceptable to copy statements from a book
false
true-false: whole group instruction usually works well in mixed-ability classes
false
true-false: working in a restricted environment would be difficult for an abstract-random learner
false
true-false: ethnocentrism, much like multiculturalism, is inclusive
false, ethnocentrism is divisive because it is exclusive
Learners having the ability to perceive objects without being influenced by the background is called?
field independent
Professional certificates are valid for __ years.
five
Coached Teachers tend to practice skills ___ often than do uncoached
more
students who are able to recognize musical and rhythmic patterns and sounds have ___ intelligence
muscial/rhythmic
___________ _______________, which is removal from a situation perceived by the student to be unpleasant (such as a night off from doing homework).
negative reinforcement
babbling stage
During which universal stage of first language acquisition do children begin to produce sounds based upon friction?
Under the Florida Consent Decree, an ________________________ Committee is a team of individuals who are responsible for overseeing an English Language Learner's English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) program.
ELL (or LEP)
This is a group of individuals who make decisions about the ESE services provided to students who are gifted
EP team
once
Each teacher must be appraised by the principal at least _____ per year. The principal must submit a written report of a teacher's appraisal to the teacher no later than 10 days after the appraisal takes place.
18-24 months
Early Representational Thought (sensorimotor stage): children begin representing things and events with symbols. A significant development is Object Permanence, i.e., realizing that thing still exist when out of sight. What age?
IF a desire to learn does not arise from within a student, the teacher may need to stimulate _____/_____ by using external reinforcement in the form of rewards or incentives to get the student to engage in learning.
Extrinsic motivation
True or False: Multiculturalism and ethnocentrism are interchangeable ideas?
FALSE
True or False: Teachers should prepare graphic organizers in advance to save academic learning time.
FALSE
True or False: Creative thinkers see the world as absolute and unchangeable?
False
True or False: Discrimination on the basis of marital status is not addressed in the Principles of Professional Conduct for the Education Profession in Florida.
False
True or False: High School teachers should encourage students to consider careers traditionally associated with their gender roles?
False
True or False: In Florida, cognitive psychology approaches are not as acceptable as approaches grounded in behaviorism?
False
True or False: Peoples behaviors are usually interpreted the same across cultures.
False
True or False: The identity of the person making a child abuse report must be, by law, reported to the parents of the child.
False
True or False: Whole-Group instruction usually works well in mixed-ability classes?
False
In spring 2015, the FCAT 2.0 was replaced by the _____/______/______ in English language arts and mathematics to measure student achievement of the Florida Standards.
Florida Standards Assessments (FSA)
daily
Florida law explicitly states that immediate intensive intervention for an elementary school student who has been identified with a reading deficiency must be provided: (C8)
relevant, rigorous, logically sequential
Florida law specifies that educational standards must be ___________, _______________, and _________ _______________.(C1)
outcome measures
Florida's Formula for Success, 6 + 4 + ii + iii, includes four (4) assessment types: screening, diagnostic, progress monitoring and _______ ___________.
A graphic organizer that fosters logical thinking skills is a ________ chart
Flow
Is the ability to read a text accurately and quickly
Fluency
Repeated and monitored oral reading improves reading _________ and overall reading achievement
Fluency
Reconstructionism
Focus on a curriculum that highlights social reform as the aim of education
SKIP
Focuses on the process, how the learner arrives at a response or answer. Believes intelligent thinking can be taught.
achievement level
For statewide assessments, students receive a scale score, derived from the raw test score. Based on the scale score, an ________________ ______, ranging from 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest), is reported.
accountability
Formal achievement tests are used for ________________ and for college admissions.
immediately
If the school determines that a student poses a danger to other students, he or she may be suspended ________________ with a hearing scheduled as soon as possible.
law enforcement authority
If the teacher suspects a child has been abused - physically, emotionally or sexually - neglected, or abandoned by an adult, the teacher is required by law to report this suspicion and contact _______________ ( police, the abuse hotline. etc.).
b. Cultural relevance requires comprehensive input
Preschoolers without a knowledge of print, older students without previous schooling, and the partially literate who may have acquired some decoding skills in their primary language but whose overall level of literacy does not provide them useful access to print are groups that need special treatment with regard to literacy instruction. Appropriate programs for these learners adhere to three important principles of literacy instruction. These principles include all but which of the following? a. literacy is introduced in a meaningful way b. Cultural relevance requires comprehensive input c. the link between oral language and print is made as naturally as possible d. students have the opportunity to enjoy reading and writing
field dependent learner
Processes information holistically Has difficulty separating specific parts from a situation or pattern Able to see relational concepts Active in social situations Tends to be influenced by suggestions from others Likes to work in groups Chooses Fields requiring interpersonal, non-scientific orientation, such as history, art, or social work
Field independent
Processes information in parts Might focus on specific parts, rather than see the whole Passive in social situations Tends to be less influenced by peers Likes working alone Chooses feels like math, science and engineering
5
Professional certificates in Florida are valid for __ years.
Competency 6 (9%)
Professional conduct: knowledge of the code of ethics and principles of professional conduct of the education profession in Florida.
professional learning experiences
Professional learning communities (PLC) help teachers take control of their own _______________________ by meeting in small groups with common goals that are focused on student achievemnet.
Itinerant teachers
Professional who travel between two or more school sites to provide services to students.
diagnostic assessment
Provides teacher with specific information about an individual student's strengths and needs relative to subject matter skills and subskills. An effective tool for assessing a student's strengths and weaknesses. C4
While cephalocaudal progression is taking place, growth and motor ability are also developing in a _______/ ________ from the central axis of the body outward
Proximodistal progression
closed-ended question
Questions used to find facts or information. Appropriate when a teacher wants to check for agreement among the students. C3
This is a systematic approach by readers fro learning involving flexible, adaptable, and conscious use of knowledge, reading and learning to predict, confirm and integrate as they read.
Reading strategy
Intrinsic reinforcers
Reinforcers that come from within the students such as personal enjoyment of problem-solving.
Extrinsic reinforcers
Reinforcers that our external to a student such as tangible rewards or grades, For example stamps and stickers
Florida law specifies that the standards must be...
Relevant, rigorous, and logically sequential.
What does reliability refferest to?
Reliability refers to the consistency of a measurement over time and repeated measurements. If a teacher gives alternate forms of the same test periodically over several months and the students' performance scores remain relatively the same, the test has reliability.
phonemic awareness
the ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in spoken words
conservation
the ability to recognize that number, length, quantity, area, mass, weight, and volume of objects has not necessarily changed even thought they appear to have changed
If a unit contains more than one objective, what should first be determined when developing a blueprint and why?
the importance of each objective so the test will reflect this proportional emphasis
raw score
the total number of correct responses on an assessment
inductive lessons
the type of lesson that involves higher level thinking by both teacher and students and a result in higher student motivation, interest, and retention
behavior modification
the use of operant-conditioning techniques to eliminate unwanted behaviors and replace them with desirable ones
Flexible Presentation (ESE)
the use or oral langauge or sign llangauge to accomodate students who are blind or deaf
interactive instruction
Some modes of __________________________instruction include brainstorming, cooperative learning groups, interviews, discussions, peer practice, and debates.
anecdotal notes
_____________________ (as assessment tools) are written records of the teacher's observation of a student. Records should be specific, objective, and focused on outlined criteria.
performances
_____________________ (format) give students the opportunity to present their learning as teachers watch to assess mastery of learning goals.
brainstorming
_____________________ is a teaching/learning strategy in which students generate ideas, judgment of the ideas of others is forbidden, and ideas are used to create a flow of new ideas.
adaptive behavior scales
_____________________(as a form of assessment) are used to measure the ability of a person with an identified disability, such as mental retardation, to become self-sufficient.
nonverbal communication
______________________ includes eye contact, body language, hand signals, pointing to the assignment, and other ways of silently letting students know the expectations.
nonverbal prompting
______________________ is using gestures or other physical prompts to assist students.
differentiated instruction
______________________ refers to the individualization of instruction within the general education settings. It is a student-centered approach and also applies to particular groups of students.
perception
_________________________ describes the way students use their senses to deliver signals to their brain to form insights and opinions about the world around them.
language
_________________________ is the way in which students both receive and articulate learning concepts.
reflective listening
__________________________ helps students broaden their knowledge base by incorporating the thoughts and experiences of others into their schema. _____________ is hearing a speaker and then repeating back the meaning behind their words to clarify understanding,
Cognitive Processes
__________________________ include perception, attention, language, memory, and thinking.
thinking
__________________________ includes all aspects of reasoning and problem-solving.
Cognitive Process
____________________________ is more than just acquisition of knowledge and skills (abilities); __________________ also include the ability to apply new information to other settings and draw conclusions.
self-regulation
_______________________helps motivate students, keeps them engaged, and build self-efficacy. There are 6 steps in ______________________: 1. learning goals 2. sub-goals 3. expectations 4.coaching 5. monitoring 6. celebrating
summative
____________________assessments evaluate what students have learned.
formal discussions
____________________can provide information about how much students have internalized information; however, not every student will participate with every question.
differentiation
____________________means providing curricula for students based on their individual needs, including learning styles and level.
socratic
____________________questions are used to generate discussion and help students think both critically and creatively.
scaffolded questions
____________________questions inform teachers of the level of mastery of objectives for the students who answer, but do not provide information about how each student is performing across the content.
sentence stems
___________________guide thinking to help students focus their communication. E.g., students may explain how they solved a math problem using the __________________"I chose XXXXXX strategy to find the solution because XXXXXX."
Tittle IV
__________________of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin in programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance.
operant conditioning
__________________provides rewards or punishment as a motivation for desired performance.
test-retest reliability
__________________refers to the extent in which results will be the same upon repeated administrations of the same assessment.
diagnostic
_________________assessments determine background knowledge and skills before a learning experiece.
synchronic
_________________cultures, such as Asia, southern Europe, South America and Mexico, put less value on being on time and are more likely multitask.
pacing guides
_________________help teachers determine the order in which material should be taught and approximately how much time should be spent on each objective.
self-motovation
_________________is the drive from within that inspires a person to work toward something.
Cognitivism
_________________promotes connecting learning to schema.
essential
_________________questions are typically 0pen-ended questions which begin with stems, such as "when and why would this skill be used?" or "What is the relationships between these two ideas?"
classic conditioning
________________involves learning a response to stimuli or the environment.
enrichment
________________is the opportunity to learn objectives at a deeper level than outlined in the curriculum standards and will frequently be used when a student masters the required curriculum more quickly than others in the class.
essential questions
________________questions help establish learning targets.
systematic instruction
_______________involves breaking new knowledge or skills into small elements and then presenting them to students in a sequence from simple to complex.
direct teaching
_______________is a form of teacher-centered instruction in which the teacher focuses on disseminating facts to students. It is viewed by most the least effective because the students are passively receiving information rather than constructing their own knowledge.
due process
_______________means that everyone must be treated fairly and the rights of all must be respected.
intrinsic rewards
_______________means that learners are internally satisfied by doing work because it is interesting, challenging, or relevant, or makes them feel successful.
Quality feedback
_______________planning questions: When will students receive oral and written feedback? How will students learn about effective and ineffective feedback techniques? How will I build the capacity of my students to provide peer response feedback?
high-context
______________cultures, such as those found in most of the Middle East, Asia, Africa and South America, communicate heavily through relationships, context and non-verbal cues.
low-context
______________cultures, which are typically English- and German-speaking countries, rely more on direct messages.
Elaboration
_____________question asks the learner to extend comment, e.g., "Tell me more about it."
Elicitation
_____________question checks previously taught information, e.g., "Why was Emily Dickinson considered to be a groundbreaking poet?"
Divergent
____________question requires the learner to draw on two sources of information, e.g., "How do these two poems compare?"
code-switching
___________happens when students slip into native language while speaking their second-language, or visa versa.
Feed up
__________describes a set of practices designed to engage the student as an active learner. Motivation lies at the heart of the _____ process, and Hattie and Timperley (2007) explain that it answers the student questions.Where am I going? These practices include establishing the purpose of learning and setting goals with student.
cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP)
__________is a student's ability to comprehend academic vocabulary in English (for English Learners).
Reflective
__________practice is intentionally thinking about professional practices as part of one's own professional development.
Essay
__________tests allow students to articulate a deeper understanding of content.
reciprocal determinism
_________theorizes that combination of cognitive factors, the environment, and stimuli determines behavior.
Heuristic
________question calls for the learner to apply informal problem-solving skills, e.g., "What would be an innovative way to make Dickinson's poems known to today's readers?"
Reflective teaching
this teaching helps teachers become PROACTIVE in their teaching practices and develop self-confidence in their ability to promote student learning.
gestures
this type of nonverbal communication includes movement such as pointing and illustrating with limbs or other body parts
performance based test
this type of test is where students are assessed on how they perform certain task. this type of test allows students to use higher-level thinking skills to apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate ideas and data. type of test that allows students to be creative in their solutions to problems or questions and to use higher-level thinking skills
pre-alphabetic
a child can read the word "stop" on a stop sign owing to the sign;s distinctive color and shape. What is the phase of decoding skills?
NAEP stands for
national assessment of educational progress
students who would understand and work in the natural world have ___ intelligence
naturalistic
Planning of the professional development for an IPDP begins with a ___ assessment.
needs
Professional development is most likely to be used in the classroom when the content is relevant to the ____ of the teachers.
needs
drawing a map of the setting of a story will appeal to ___ intelligence
visual/spatial
High ability students need opportunities to work ______ and also with other high ability students
alone
Howard Gardner's Theory
argued that humans have eight multiple intelligences
Performance-based assessment
assessment that measures learning processes
Formative Assessment
assessments are "low stakes", their main purpose is not to judge students performance but rather to monitor student progress and identify ways that instruction can be improved overall or tailored to specific students.
Formative assessments that are designed to identify a student's strengths and weaknesses are __________ assessments.
diagnostic
when using ___ as an assessment, it would be helpful to make a list of competencies, skills, or requirements, then checking off the ones that are observed in the student or group
observations
Flexible Setting (ELL)
offered the oppurtuntiy to be tested in a seperate room with a ESOL teacher
dress
often an overlooked form of nonverbal communication
Each teacher must be appraised by the principal at least ___ a year.
once
The IEP team must meet at least ________ a year to review the IEP.
once
Willig and Lee Four Stages of Development (ESOL)
pre-production, early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency
assessment accommodations or alterations for those with disabilities are
presentation, response, setting, and timing/scheduling
in _________________________________, students create a presentation as an end-product to the investigation,
project-based learning
Competency 4 (14%)
Assessment: Knowledge of various types of assessment strategies for determining impact on student learning.
Competency 4
Assessment: knowledge of various types of assessment strategies for determining impact on student learning.
Authentic assessment
provides descriptions of student performance on real-life tasks carried out in real world settings.
peer assessments
Assessments that allow students to critically evaluate others' performances and thereby deepen their own understanding of the concepts. C4
Curriculum based assessments
Assessments that are used to determine how a student is performing in or mastering the actual curriculum.
Norm-based assessments
Assessments that give us some idea of what students need to know to achieve grade level performance are referred as
Norm-based assessment
Assessments that give us some idea of what students need to know to achieve grade-level performance are referred to as....
This involves fitting new information into existing mental structures.
Assimilation
_______ involves fitting new information in existing mental structures? Accommodation or Assimilation?
Assimilation
30
At a minimum, teachers should have __ hours per year, during the school day, that are designated for professional learning.
50
At least ____ percent of the teacher performance evaluation must be based on data and indicators of student learning growth for teachers who have been teaching for at least three years.
type of test that measures student's ability to analyze an event, compare and contrast two concepts, make predictions about an experiment, or evaluate a character's actions.
teacher made essay test
___ ____ assessments are ideally created at the same time as the goals and outcomes are planned
teacher-made
which of the following provide teachers with a clearer picture of what it is student can or can't do, NRT or CRT
CRT
When a parent, teacher or other member of the school staff raises a concern about a students behavior or academic progress, a ____ is assembled to collect and review information
CST
This is the physical development of children which proceeds from head to toe is called?
Cephalocaudal Progression
positive reinforcers
Certain consequences of action results with the increase in probability that the action will repeat again in future. These consequences are called __________________.
Abstract Random
Challenges in open environments
This is a written state-approved plan prepared by the district that describe the districts proposed procedures and methodologies for servicing LEP students.
District LEP plan
Teachers should allow students to have access to _____ points of view
Diverse
Symbolic Mode
Ages 11-Adult Uses symbols to learn
preoperational stage
Ages 2-6 children are highly imaginative and enjoy games of pretend.
Harold Rugg
Man and His Changing Society
Competency 7 Knowledge of research-based practices appropriate for teaching English Language Learners (ELLs)
1 Relate the nature and role of culture, cultural groups, and individual cultural identities into learning experiences for all students. 2 Analyze student developmental characteristics in relation to first and second language literacy acquisition stages to design instruction for students. 3 Interpret the Consent Decree to integrate teaching approaches, methods, strategies, and communication with stakeholders in order to improve learning for ELLs. 4 Evaluate and differentiate standards-based curriculum, materials, resources, and technology for ELLs based on multicultural, multi-level learning environments. 5 Analyze assessment issues as they affect ELLs and determine appropriate accommodations according to ELLs' varying English proficiency levels and academic levels.
Stephen Krashens theory of second language has 5 hypotheses. what are they?
1. The Acquisiton-learning hypothesis 2. The Monitor hypothesis 3. Natural Order Hypothesis 4. Input Hypothesis 5. Affective Filter
Within _____ days of registration, potential LEP students are given an age appropriate English language assessment test. This is also called ________ procedure
20 days/Assessment
Bruner
3 Modes And a Discovery Advocate
By law, a student's performance on a statewide EOC subject assessment constitutes _________ percent of the student's final course grade for that subject.
30
cognitive, physical, social, moral
4 domains of learning processes
Farsighted before age
6
If a teacher has deficiencies related to the teachers unsatisfactory performance. The teacher is expected to correct the deficiencies within _____ calendar days.
90
story tree
A ________ ____ is used to guide students' critical evaluation of a work of literature.
flowchart
A ___________ is used to show a sequence or flow of events, actions or processes.
Professional Learning Community
A _____________ __________ _____________ (PLC) is a formal, organized group of faculty who share common student achievement goals and meet on a regular basis during the school day to identify practical ways to improve learning and teaching practices.
morpheme
A _______________ is the smallest unit of meaning in the language. The curriculum must include direct instruction of base words, roots, and affixes.
standardized
A __________________ test is one that has been carefully constructed and field-tested so that, ideally, it has a high degree of reliability and validity. Directions for taking the test and conditions for administering and scoring it are uniform and rigorously monitored.
continuum
A _________________________ (as an assessment tool) is a progression of learning. Computer-based programs are available that adapt to a student progress and regression by providing questions slightly more difficult that the questions they just answered correctly or one slightly less complex that the question they missed.
mind map
A _____________________is a powerful graphic technique which provides a universal key to unlock the potential of the brain. A ____________ visually represent learning for visual learners.
B. seeking input from a peer teacher.
A beginning teacher notices that students are having difficulty mastering the properties of light on a science test. The best next step for the teacher to take would be A. readministering the same test. B. seeking input from a peer teacher. C. grading the test on a higher curve. D. continuing to the next topic.
Acceptable Use Policy
A benefit of an __________ _____ ________ (AUP) is the promotion of student responsibility for ethical online behavior.
Standard deviation
A measure of dispersion of a set of data values about the mean of the data set. The more data values vary from the mean, the greater he standard deviation, meaning the data has more spread.
standard deviation
A measure of the dispersion of a set of data values about the mean of the data set.
Skepticism
A philosophy which suggests that nothing can ever be known for certain.
Assessment
A process in which information about students' progress toward learning outcomes and performance standards is collected.
In selecting materials for a course, the teacher has particular concerns for the needs of a student with a developmental disability who will be unable to use material selected for other students. Which procedure is most appropriate for the teacher to follow in this situation? A. Adapt material based on the objectives of the course to be used by the special student B. Send the special student to the library to use other resource material C. Enable special student to observe and absorb as much as possible from regular class instruction D. Provide the special student with games or drawing materials
A. Adapt material based on the objectives of the course to be used by the special student
7-11/concrete operations stage
According to Piaget, at what age do children begin thinking inductively? What stage of cognitive development?
18
According to Florida Statutes, the number of students assigned to a teacher in Kindergarten through grade 3 should not exceed ___ students.
Diagnostic assessment
Administered (usually individually) To selected students for the purpose of identifying strengths and weaknesses with critical skills and concepts.
Psychosocial characteristic of 11-15 years old (young adolescents).
Adolescent egocentrism (often preoccupied with self), imaginary audience(others watching and judging them, peer pressure, personal fable (believe their personal situation is unique), invincibility fable ( believe that bad things happen to other people, no them, so will engage in risky behavior).
cloze procedure
An open-ended assessment tool in which a selected word or phrase is eliminated from a sentence or paragraph, while the student is instructed to complete the missing word or words. Students use contextual information to supply the missing word or words.
about 2 to 8, Stage 2
As with syntax, Wood (1976) outlines stages for semantic development.: The child progresses to two-word sentences, forms longer sentences, until age 7, things are defined in terms of visible actions. The child begins to respond to prompts (pretty/flower), and at about age 8, he can respond to a prompt with an opposite (pretty/ugly). What age and stage?
begins at about 8, Stage 3
As with syntax, Wood (1976) outlines stages for semantic development.: The child's word meanings relate directly to experiences, operations and processes. Vocabulary is defined by the child's experiences, not adult's. At about 12, the child begins to give "dictionary" definitions, and the semantic level approaches that of adults. What age and stage?
Several students from culturally different background are experiencing challenges with the use of Standard Engligh. How should the teacher respond to these challenges? A. Correct all the student errors in the class to the appropriate rule B. Reinforce correct usage: make some corrections and serves as a positive model C. Disregard the misuse of the language and consider then acceptable medium of exchange in the student's home D. Refer student with non traditional English skills to learn English as a second language
B. Reinforce correct usage: make some corrections and serves as a positive model
What should a teacher do to ensure smooth tranistion in completeing a unit began by another teacher? A. Administer a test on the complete topic B. Review and recap the completed topic C. Give an overview of the topic D. List the objectives to be achieves in the next topic
B. Review and recap the completed topic
A psychologist, advocated behaviorist learning theories as a means to control behavior and developed programmed instruction using behaviorist methods
B.F.Skinner
babbling and vocal play
Between four and six months of age, what is typical expressive language characteristic of normally developing babies?
Eating disorder with frequent episodes of overeating
Binge Eating
Sensorimotor skills stage begins at what ages
Birth till 2 years
Sensorimotor
Birth to 2 years and learn through their senses and motor development.
How does the teacher write instructional objectives as "measurable behaviors"?
By using action verbs such as analyze, arrange, assess, classify, compare, compose, contrast, create, define, discuss, identify, judge, list, predict, recite, show, solve and summarize etc.
An online source of information, expert-reviewed resources, and interactive tools, is FL's website for standards info. and course description www.cpalms.org/public
CPALMS
A student has recently become irritable, argumentative, nervous and restless in class. These changes in behavior may indicate abuse of which substance? A. Barbiturates B. Marijuana C. Amphetamines D. Alcohol
C. Amphetamines
If a teacher wants to know the students performace on another teacher's class, the latter can refuse to let him know if? A. Other teacher also refuse similar request B. The report is required by lass C. Results is none specifiable professional purpose D. It is not ordinary decision in the school
C. Results is none specifiable professional purpose
An online source of information, expert review resources, and interactive tools. State of Florida's official website for standards, information, and course descriptions.
CPALMS
Content must...
Content for all subjects must integrate critical thinking, problem-solving, and workforce literacy skills; communication, reading and writing skills; mathematics skills; collaboration skills; contextual and applied learning skills; technology literacy skills; information and media literacy skills; and civic engagement skills. (1003.41.(1),F.S.)
Which of the following instructional strategies is most compatible with a behaviorist point of view? A. Discovery learning B. Project Based learning C. Inquiry Learning D. Direct Instruction
D.
A divergent thinker is best described as one who is? A. Is a systematic planner, acts on intellectual understanding and analyzes ideas B. Relates to people is sensitive to feelings and people and learns from specific experience C. Is able to get things done, influences events through actions, and is a risk taker D. A careful observer seeing things from different perspective, and looks for meanings of things
D. A careful observer seeing things from different perspective, and looks for meanings of things
Field Theory (Lewin)
Derived from his belief that to understand behavior requires knowing about all of the forces acting on a person at a particular time.
Effective planners
Design their lessons around research and or evidence-based instruction that will promote student achievement.
ELL
English Language Learner
EFL
English as a Foreign Language
ESE Testing Accomodations
Flexible Presentation, fleixible responding, fleexible setting, assistive devices and tools.
This Act prohibited discrimination against students and employees in the Florida K-20 public education system on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, disability, or marital status. It specified that no person shall be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of or be subjected to discrimination under any K-20 public education program or activity.
Florida Educational Equity Act of 1984 (FEEA)
The FDOE instructional television broadcast service which is in partnership with Florida school districts and Florida public television stations.
Florida Knowledge Network
computer
Florida's state-mandated assessments are _____________-based assessments.
Types of play
Functional play: age 0-2 Symbolic play: age 2- Games with rules play: near school age
Piagets Playtime
Functional-0-2-movement and sensory Symbolic-2-imaginary roles and object representation Games with Rules-5- agree to the rules
This educator characterizes play as pleasurable, spontaneous, self-motivated, and freely chosen activity.
Gestwicki
Effective interpersonal interaction
Group members regularly use interpersonal skills such as using appropriate tone, voice level, and turn-taking to show respect for others.
Consist of a small group of from 300 to 500 words that are frequently encountered in text
High Frequency words
This refers to he survey that is given to all Florida students at the time of enrollment
Home language survey
Idealists
Honesty remains a value even if nobody in the school system values it.
Dame Schools
Taught for pay, by women in the community in their homes
This standard requires the teacher to provide convincing evidence of participation in a meeting with the principal to conduct an evaluation of the degree to which the IPDP was implemented as written
Implementing the Plan
Institute of Healthcare Improvement's (IHI) Triple Aim
Improving patient experience of care Improving the health of populations Reduction of per capita cost of health care
Dunn and Dunn maintain that psychological characteristics of the student influence the students ability to learn. These characteristics include?
Impulsivity/Reflectivity Inclination Brain Hemisphericity
initial instruction
In Florida's Formula for Success, 6 + 4 + ii + iii, the "ii" stands for ________ ___________ that is print-rich, explicit, systematic, scaffolded, and differentiated and includes considerations for background knowledge and motivation and the reading/writing connection.
immediate, intensive intervention
In Florida's Formula for Success, 6 + 4 + ii + iii, the "iii" stands for ________, ________ ____________ that is targeted, systematic and explicit and includes extended time, smaller group sizes and more frequent progress monitoring.
Outcome assessment
Includes end-of-the-year statewide, standardized assessments, standardized norm-referenced tests and end-of-grading period assessments.
vocal stress
In verbal communication, _______________ is emphasizing a word or words in a sentences to express meaning.
Technology
Includes projectors, interactive whiteboard's, computers, scanners, printers, copiers, etc.
segregated models of instructions
In these models of instruction, emphasis is placed on the development of discrete skills. In such models. content areas such as math, science and social studies are treated separately from each other and from instruction in language.
Autonomous morality
In this stage, children develop autonomy and are willing to challenge rules.
vocal tone
In verbal communication, _______________ is a way of sounding that expresses meaning.
inappropriate
It is ________________ (appropriate/inappropriate) for a teacher to share students' educational records with a colleague without written permission from parents.
What are the 4 special types of cooperative learning descried in the Florida Curriculum Framework?
Jigsawing - group members become experts on an assigned topic that they then teach to others, after that they bring it all together Corners- Group members meet in a designated corner of the room to discuss an assigned topic and then teach it to the rest of the class Think, Pair, and Share- First, students work individually on a assigned problem-solving task; next, they pair with a partner to discuss and revise and finally, they share their results with the entire class. Debate- Students work in teams to research a topic and formulate persuasive arguments supporting their viewpoints on an issue.
Dewey
John _____________ supported real-world experiences and developing social responsibilities.
zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Keeping students within their ____________________ prevent them from feeling discouraged and giving up.
Level 1: Preconventional morality Level 3: Postconventional morality
Lawrence Kohlberg identified the following stages of moral development: Level 1: ___________________________ Level 2: Conventional morality Level 3:___________________________
punishment
Lawrence Kohlberg, Level 1: Preconventional morality: Stage 1: Obedience and _________________orientation: the child behaves to keep from getting in trouble.
Individualism
Lawrence Kohlberg, Level 1: Preconventional morality: Stage 2: ____________ and exchange: There is more than one point of view and the authority is not always right.
maintaining the social order
Lawrence Kohlberg, Level 2: Conventional morality: Stage 4: ____________________________: the child behaves to feel good about his or her part to keep society running smoothly.
social contract and individual rights
Lawrence Kohlberg, Level 3: Postconventional morality: Stage 5: ____________________________: the individual understands that laws are usually in the best interest of society, but that there are times when individual circumstances create a gray area in determining what is right and what is wrong.
Measures of central tendency
Mean, median, mode
What kind of accommodation is it when a teacher allows students to use braillers, large-key calculators, and devices with an audio component?
Response Accommodations
True or False: Activating prior knowledge is an important component of a constructivist classroom.
Responsibility
What are the 5 progressive stages of play?
Onlooker play Solitary play Parallel Play Associative Play Cooperative Play
Students learn to identify the sound of the letter or letters before the first vowel in a one-syllable word and the sound of the remaining part of the word (rime). An example of an onset and rime is "sh-out"--- "Sh" is the onset and "out" is the rime
Onset-Rime phonics instruction
Stands for Peer to peer sharing on websites designed to allow file sharing
P2P
Before you make your final choice what should you do?
Re-read the question and don't skip doing this!
This type of reading students develop a script and dramatize a reading selection or book
Readers Theater
Hostility
STAGES OF ACCULTURATION: After about four to six months, reality sets in. These people know a bit about getting around and have begun learning the ropes, but this new place is not like their home: they can't get the food they are accustomed to; things don't look the same; they miss the life of their home country, the familiar places and faces and ways of doing things. Gradually they begin to feel that they hate North America and want to go back to their home country, no matter how bad things were there. This stage is often characterized by complaining;wanting to be only with others who speak their language; rejecting anything associated with the new culture, such as the food, the people, even the new language; feeling depressed and irritable or even angry; having headaches or feeling tired all the time
Humor
STAGES OF ACCULTURATION: Gradually, the newcomers work toward resolution of their feelings, and their sense of being torn between the new and the old. They begin to accept their new home. They begin to find friends, discover that there are good things about where they are living, and adjust to their lives by coming to terms with both the old and the new ways of living. This is a long process, fraught with feelings of great anxiety in some, because to many, accepting the new means rejecting the old.
Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development
Self-regulation, private speech, zone of proximal development, and scaffolding
birth to 3 months (expressive)
Sequence of language development: coos; gurgles; smiles; produces different cries for tiredness, hunger, pain. What age?
2 years - 3 years (receptive)
Sequence of language development: participates more actively in conversations. What age?
feedback
Struggling students need frequent, corrective ___________.
The systematic arrangement of words in a sentence
Syntax
Students read along in their books as they hear a fluent reader read the book on an audiotape.
Tape-assisted reading
This is the process of identifying the prerequisite skills and prior knowledge that students must have in order to achieve the instructional object with a high degree of success.
Task Analysis
Intrapersonal intelligence
The ability to know one's self
extinction
The technique of withdrawing reinforcers to discourage undesirable behavior in the classroom. C1&C2
Blended learning
The term applied to an education program in which students learn in part, in a traditional school setting and in part, through online learning.
concept mapping
This is the practice of using graphic organizers to present thoughts or information.
think-pair-share
This method engages students by having all students think about a question related to content and then articulate their answers to a partner. When combined with active listening skills, students can learn from one another. This can be used as a formative assessment if the teacher listens to discussions and then asks partner groups to share their answers. What kind of formative assessment is this?
letter
___________ (alphabetic) knowledge is the ability to recognize and name upper and lowercase letters. Letter naming fluency is a strong predictor of future success in reading and writing.
structural
___________ analysis involves the identification of roots and affixes.
extra small group intervention
Tier Two: ________________________ for 10-15% that are not successful with tier one support
achievement standards
___________ indicate how students should demonstrate mastery of the knowledge and skills in the content standards,
fluency
___________ is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly and expressively.
Clarification
___________ question invites the learner to provide evidence, e.g., "Can you she me where you read that?"
section 504 of the rehabilitation act
This section provide services to all students in federally assisted programs who have physical or mental impairments that substantially limit one or more life activities.
one-word stage
This stage is characterized by a child's use of a single word to convey a complete idea.
pre-speech stage
This stage is characterized by crying and cooing sounds.
Incident analysis
____________________ as reflective practice, allows teachers to review a negative experience in a way that will help them grow personally and.or professionally.
A. create a course outline and distribute a hard copy to each student.
To ensure that ALL students are aware of the assignments required for a semester-long chemistry class, the teacher should A. create a course outline and distribute a hard copy to each student. B. mail a letter to each parent, outlining the assignments and when they are due. C. post the assignments on the school Web site so each student can access the information. D. write the assignments on the board and ask students to copy them on their paper.
B. assign a responsible peer buddy to assist the new student. Comp. 2
To ensure that a new student feels welcome, the teacher should A. ask the new student to introduce himself and tell about himself. B. assign a responsible peer buddy to assist the new student. C. introduce the new student to the class briefly and move on. D. send home a class newsletter announcing the new student.
content-based instruction
This type of instruction involves teaching language and content simultaneously. E.g., language skills may be taught in the context of an age-appropriate theme. Themes can be relatively specific or relatively broad. the instruction is considered desirable because it promotes student interest, because it breaks down artificial barriers between content area (and between language and content) and because it reinforces learning by making connections between content areas.
portfolios
____________________ as reflective practice, are records of teaching practices that are built over time. They may be shared or used for personal reflection.
the law of readiness
Thorndike's three laws of learning: The law of ________ explains that learners will be resistant to learning before they are ready.
the law of effect
Thorndike's three laws of learning: The law of _________ states that pleasant consequences lead to repetitive behavior, whereas unpleasant consequences extinguish behavior.
the law of exercise
Thorndike's three laws of learning: the law of ____________ states that what is practiced gets stronger, whereas what is not practiced becomes weaker.
Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence
Three features of learning: a) the mechanics or components of intelligence. b) the learner's experiences, c) the learner's context.
universal support for all students
Tier One _____________________ (tiered behavior management system)
The primary goal of the state-mandated program is
To measure students' knowledge of and skills in the states core curriculum content as required by Florida law.
Purpose of IPE
To prepare health professions students for Interprofessional Practice by teaching collaborative practice competencies within the context of Interprofessional Teams
120
To renew professional certificates, teachers must earn the equivalent of a minimum of ____ in-service points during each renewal period.
applying
What categories in the cognitive domain of Bloom's taxonomy do the following verbs belong? change, compute, construct, demonstrate, discover, manipulate, modify, operate, prepare, produce, relate, show, solve, use
A. modeled reading The teacher purposefully plans, models, and explicitly demonstrates the important cognitive strategies for comprehending and responding. During a modelled read, the teacher may 'think aloud' to demonstrate the use of reading comprehension processes or word identification strategies.
When a teacher reads aloud to students, which of the following strategies is the teacher using? A. modeled reading B. shared reading C. interactive reading D. guided reading
teachers should focus on the desired instructional objectives
When designing instruction
A teacher who redirects an off-task student when the teachers attention appears to be focused elsewhere is exhibiting _____?
Withitness
simple sentences contain subject and predicate
Wood (1976) describes six stages of syntax acquisition. Stage 3 - ages 2 -3 years:
embed word within the basic sentence
Wood (1976) describes six stages of syntax acquisition. Stage 4 - ages 2,5 to 4 years: The child begins to
commands, requests and promises
Wood (1976) describes six stages of syntax acquisition. Stage 5 - about 5 to 20 years: The child begins to learn complex sentences and sentences that imply.....
A circuit that connects the CPU with other devices in a computer
bus
Jerome Bruner view learning as a process, what are Bruner cognitive development?
enactive mode --->Iconic mode ---> Symbolic mode.
Tangible reinforcers
food, toys, awards, stickers, etc. are example of what type of reinforcement?
performance objectives
observable behavior, a standard for behavior
Disaggregated data are data that are boken down by ____.
subgroups
__________ questions require more teacher judgment in the scoring process.
subjective
a) cognitive domain
A student listens to a story and recreates it in his own words in the puppet theater. Which of the following domains does this activity represent? a) cognitive domain b) affective domain c) psychomotor domain d) moral domain
B. recognizing the key words
A teacher is preparing students for a statewide assessment. The teacher asks the students to underline the bold type in the questions on the practice test. This test- taking strategy is known as A. rereading the entire text. B. recognizing the key words. C. eliminating the wrong answers. D. skimming through the passage.
Before planning a lesson...
A teacher must first determine instructional long-term goals appropriate to students grade level and individual needs.
progress reports
A type of formative assessment which reports students' grades to date, usually at the mid-grade reporting period. By Florida law, parents must receive accurate and timely information regarding their child's academic progress and must be informed of ways they can help their child to succeed in school.
Pth Percentile
A value at or below which P percent of the data fall. For example, the median is the 50th percentile because 50 percent of the data falls at or below the median.
Which procedure best addresses the need of a classroom containing none English speaking student? A. Allowing these students to use their native language when necessary B. Grouping student according to their preferred learning style C. Pairing a high achieving student with a low achieving student D. Permitting these students to do different or less challenging work
A. Allowing these students to use their native language when necessary
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of left-brained dominant learns? A. prefers to see the big picture before exploring the small details B. Approaches problem soling systematically C. Processes thought logically and analytically D. depends on words and language for meaning.
A. Because they see the smaller parts first then work their way up to the main picture or idea.
Which mechanism is most appropriate for collecting evidence about which book students have read as they progressed through elementary school? A. Reading log B. Check out record from the library C. A questionnaire D. Assessment test result
A. Reading log
authentic
Teachers should use ___________ assessment more often than traditional tests and quizzes.
scaffolds
Teachers use ___________, or supports, within the zone of proximal development gradually move students to higher level of mastery.
Curricular integration
Teachers who incorporate positive behavioral supports and interventions (PBSI) into their daily instruction find it very effective for teaching replacement behavior. What is the name of the technique they are practicing?
Types of Graphic Organizers
(KWL chart, web, concept map, Venn Diagram, Decision Tree, Cause-Effect Chart, Flow Chart, Story Tree)
false
(True/false) Every student must have a Social Security number in order to enroll in school.
formal operations
(age 11 - adulthood) stage in which students begin to think more easily about abstract concepts
concrete operations stage
(age 7 to 11) stage in which children develop the ability to take another's point of view
sensorimotor
(birth to age 2) learning is through the senses and motor development and through trial and error
left-brain dominate
(brain hemispheric orientation) This type of learner thinks from part to whole; processes thought logically and analytically; approaches problem solving systematically; prefers to see the "big picture" step by step; etc
Roles and Responsibilities of Social Workers
----Work closely with patients and their families to assist them in understanding, navigating and coping with illness and with the larger health care system ----Perform comprehensive psychosocial assessments and care plans for the team ----Social workers are advocates for patients and families. They empower patients and families to work closely with their healthcare providers to get the services that they need ----Provide education about coping responses in the face of illness, injury, grief, or trauma ----Provide information and connect patients with resources within the community ----Social workers often serve as care coordinators, bringing together the health care team and the family to facilitate a family care conference or to coordinate needed community resources and information
What were the 6 national education associations that founded the Interprofesional Education Collaborative (IPEC)?
---American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) ---American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM) ---American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) ---American Dental Education Association (ADEA) ---Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) ---Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH)
The core competencies and sub-competencies feature the following desired principles:
---Patient and family centered ---Community and population oriented; relationship focused; process oriented ---Linked to learning activities, educational strategies, and behavioral assessments that are developmentally appropriate for the learner ---Able to be integrated across the learning continuum ---Sensitive to the systems context and applicable across practice settings ---Applicable across professions ---Stated in language common and meaningful across the professions ---Outcome driven
Role and Responsibilities of the Physician
---The physician takes medical histories and performs a physical examination to assess the patient to determine a possible diagnosis for both acute and chronic conditions ---The physician provides continuous care for the patient while in the hospital or ambulatory setting ---The physician works collaboratively with the healthcare team to provide optimal care ---The physician provides education to patients, families and support staff as it relates to the patient condition, diagnosis and treatment ---The physician plays a very important role as an advocate for patients and families
Competency 4 Knowledge of various types of assessment strategies for determining impact on student learning
1 Analyze assessment data from multiple sources to guide instructional decisions. 2 Select formative and summative assessments that match learning objectives leading to student mastery. 3 Use a variety of assessment tools to monitor student progress, achievement, and learning gains. 4 Determine appropriate assessments and testing conditions to accommodate learning styles and varying knowledge levels of students. 5 Identify ways to share the importance and outcomes of student assessment data with students and stakeholders. 6 Use technology to org
Comp 8 Knowledge of effective literacy strategies that can be applied across the curriculum to impact student learning
1 Apply effective instructional practices to develop text reading skills in the appropriate content area. 2 Select instructional practices for developing and using content area vocabulary. 3 Determine instructional practices to facilitate students' reading comprehension through content areas. 4 Apply appropriate literacy strategies for developing higher-order critical thinking skills. 5 Select appropriate resources for the subject matter and students' literacy levels. 6 Differentiate instructional practices based on literacy data for all students.
Competency 6 Knowledge of the Code of Ethics and Principles of Professional Conduct of the Education Profession in Florida
1 Apply the Code of Ethics and Principles of Professional Conduct to professional and personal situations. 2 Identify statutory grounds and procedures for disciplinary action, the penalties that can be imposed by the Educational Practices Commission against a certificate holder, and the appeals process available to the individual. 3 Apply knowledge of rights, legal responsibilities, and procedures for reporting incidences of abuse, neglect, or other signs of distress. 4 Identify and apply policies and procedures for the safe, appropriate, and ethical use of technologies. 5 Determine and apply the appropriate use and maintenance of students' information and records.
Competency 5 Knowledge of relevant continuous professional improvement
1 Determine relevant and measureable professional development goals to strengthen the effectiveness of instruction based on educator and students' needs. 2 Analyze and apply data-informed research to improve instruction and student achievement. 3 Use a variety of data, independently and in collaboration with colleagues, to evaluate learning outcomes, adjust planning, and continuously improve and reflect upon the effectiveness of lessons and practices. 4 Identify ways to collaborate with home, school, and other stakeholders to foster communication and obtain resources in order to support diverse student learning and continuous improvement. 5 Select and determine appropriate professional growth opportunities and reflective practices to improve teacher performance and impact student learning. 6 Analyze the implementation of professional development experiences and application to the teaching and learning process. 7 Choose appropriate professional growth opportunities in technology for the design and delivery of instruction to impact student learning.
The Florida Consent Decree has 6 sections. What are the 6
1. Identification and Assessment 2. Equal Access to Appropriate Programming 3. Equal Access to Appropriate Categorical and other Programs for LEP students 4. Personnel 5. Monitoring Issues 6. Outcome Measures
What are the four steps of the Problem-Solving Strategy?
1. Identify and understand the problem 2. Brainstorm possible ways to solve the problem and devise a plan 3. Carry out the plan 4. Look back to see whether the problem has been solved
What are the 3 tiers of PS/RtL
1. Interventions are the general core academic instruction and behavior support that is provided to all students in a school 2. interventions are more targeted, extra instruction and support that smaller groups of students might receive to help them catch up. 3. Interventions are the most intense instruction and support.
The principal must submit a written report of a teachers appraisal to the teacher no later than _______ days after the appraisal takes place.
10
Formal operations stage begins at what ages?
12 and continues to adulthood
NAEYC
12 play time principles predicable sequences become more complex 3 stages limit each other
physical therapist
A ____________is a certified professional who evaluates and treats mobility issues.
Constructivism
A learner-centered approach to teaching that emphasizes teaching for understanding, predicated on the concept that students construct knowledge by making connections between present learning experiences and existing knowledge they already possess.
Mr. Taylor, a high school teacher is attending a movie at the local drive-in theater and saw a couple in the next car locked in an inimate embrace. When they finally separate, Mr. Taylor was shocked to see the man was collegue and the girl was a 10t grade student in their school. What is his ethical obligation? A. Report the case with the school police B. Seek advice from his mentor C. Report what he has seen to his colleagues D. Call the girls parents and report the case
A. Report the case with the school police
A teacher is setting the stage for a learning process. Choose the best introductory remark. A. What is unusual about the picture on the bulletin board? B. We are going to see a videotape on Japan. Watch carefully C. Ok everybody; let's get to work on this lesson D. Turn to page 13. The work is similar to yesterday
A. What is unusual about the picture on the bulletin board?
reciprocal causation model
According to Bandura, continuous interactions between behaviors, personal factors, and the environment refer to _______________________________.
B. knowledge Highest -> Lowest: "ESAACK"- Evaluation > Synthesis > Analysis > Application > Comprehension > Knowledge
According to Bloom's taxonomy, what is the lowest level of question in the cognitive domain that the teacher could use? A. comprehension B. knowledge C. application D. analysis
25 percent
According to Florida Statute 1003.32, a teacher may remove a student from class if the teacher determines that the student's behavior interferes with the ability of the student's classmates to learn. Furthermore the principal cannot return the student to the teacher's class without the consent of the teacher unless a school placement committee determines otherwise. However, the law specifies that a teacher is required to complete professional development to improve the teacher's classroom management skills if the teacher removes what percent of his or her total class enrollment under this statute?
22
According to Florida Statutes, the number of students assigned to a teacher in grades 4 through 8 should not exceed ___ students.
25
According to Florida Statutes, the number of students in core curriculum courses assigned to a teacher in grades 9 through 12 must not exceed ___ students.
Enactive Mode
Ages 0-6 Uses objects to learn
can be equal to firsthand experience
Albert Bandura's research found that observation of modeling _________________
divergent question
Allows for multiple responses, thus evoking higher-order thinking skills. (for instance, "Why do you think?" or "What if...?") C3
Performance-based Assessment
Allows students to use higher-level thinking skills to apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate ideas and data
ecological
An ________________assessment focuses on student functioning in different environments. The goal of this assessment is to identify environments in which the student functions with greater or lesser difficulty, to understand what contributes to these differences in functioning, and to draw useful implications for instructional planning.
What is an advantage of criterion reference assessment over norm-refernce?
An advantage of criterion-referenced tests over norm-referenced tests is their diagnostic, placement, and remediation use. Teachers in Florida are expected to analyze student performance data to address remediation needs of individual students.
model
An artifact s a genuine object or document, whereas a ______________________ is a created example.
running record
An assessment tool that uses a coding system to record a student's exact oral reading performance.
Reflective Journal
An authentic and effective way for teachers to identify strengths, challenges, and potential problems.
Classical Education
An education based on study of he traditions of ancient Greece and Rome.
D. cooperative learning.
An instructional strategy in which students work in small, peer-assisted groups is A. intentional teaching. B. project teaching. C. experimental learning. D. cooperative learning.
to grade
Analytical rubrics are much more complicated __________ than holistic rubrics.
proficiency
Analytical rubrics include every possible way a student could fail to meet or exceed _____________.
Under Florida Law, a teacher who removes 25% of his or her total class enrollment A. is required to complete professional development to improve classroom management skills B. must be placed immediately on probation by the principal C. will have his or her license permanently revoked D. is required to meet with the parents of the removed students to work out a plan for readmitting the students to the teachers class.
Answer is: A
logical-mathematical thinkers
As a learning activity, concept sorts help ________________ organize information into patterns (as a learning style).
birth to about 2 years, Stage 1
As with syntax, Wood (1976) outlines stages for semantic development.: the child is learning meaning while learning his first words. Sentences are one-word, but the meaning varies according to context. Therefore, "doggie" may mean, "This is my dog", or "There is a dog," etc. What age and stage?
Level of risk
Assessed based on the extent of discrepancy between the students actual level of performance and the performance of peers who are achieving benchmarks.
criterion referenced test
Assessed students by comparing their performance to a predetermined level of mastery Example: Florida Standardized tests
Curriculum-based assessment
Assessment that measures students' level of achievement as it relates to what is taught in the classroom, results are used to guide instruction, and it is an accurate indicator of student access to the general education curriculum.
formative assessment
Assessment that takes place before and during the learning process; used to give feedback to the teacher about the instruction process and may take various forms (such as an informal survey). C4
norm-referenced assessment
Assessment that uses standardized tests that focus on a comparison of students' scores to that of a "norm" group of students. C4
prompts
Background knowledge, process and procedure, reflective and heuristic are types of cognitive and metacognitive __________.
imitation
Bandura's theory stresses observational learning, ________________________, and motivation.
retention
Bandura: ___________________ means that it must have enough meaning to be memorable beyond immediate mimicry.
reproduction
Bandura: ___________________ requires the learner to have the skill and ability to be able to recreate the behavior.
the amount of data that can be moved to a computer during a given period of time
Bandwidth
Standards are divided Into smaller units called...
Benchmarks
In 2010, the state of Florida adopted the...
Common core standards CCSS in language arts and math.
Before beginning a new instructional unit, a teacher administers a pre-test and find that half the students do not have the necessary pre-requiste skills for the new unit. How should the teacher proceed? A. Gives the students who failed the pre-test extra written homework on the skills for the next two weeks B. Teach the new unit anyway because all students will have to take a test on the material in two week C. Shows all the student videotapes covering the skill and proceed with teaching the entire class D. Divides the class into groups and provides remedial activities for those who do not pass the pre-test
D. Divides the class into groups and provides remedial activities for those who do not pass the pre-test
The teacher rearranges the seating pattern in the class so that seats form a horseshoe. What purpose will such an arrangement serve? A. Encourage small group activity B. Maintain safety procedures C. Show videotape to the class more easily D. Increase eye contact with students
D. Increase eye contact with students
What criteria is most important for a teaacher to consider in selecting material for an instructional unit? A. Material used successfully by other teachers B. Copy right information C. Student performance for different media D. Objectives of the unit
D. Objectives of the unit
What resource will provide Ms. Jones with data for grouping all students before the first week of reading instruction? A. AIP B. Student assessment C. IEP D. Student report card from the previous year
D. Student report card from the previous year
Second step in planning the lesson is...
Deciding on the research and or evidence-based instructional methods that will best support the instructional objectives and result in student achievement. (Focus on the instructional objective and consider appropriate differentiated strategies and grouping arrangements).
A graphic organizer that shows actions and their expected outcomes or consequences is a __________ tree.
Decision
social learning
Demonstrations are aligned to __________________ theory.
This type of learning is designed to encourage students to be active learners while exploring new concepts.
Discovery learning
affective filter
Emotional / psychological barriers that impede learners' language acquisition. C7
According to Dunn and Dunn, classrooms can be designed to either stimulate or inhibit learning for students based on their individual learning style needs related to, what 4 factors?
Environmental setting (desk, chairs tables) Personal characteristics (motivation, persistence, responsibility, etc.) Social Setting (individual, pairs, small groups) Physiological Factors (food/drink intake, time of day, and mobility, etc.)
Extinction ( behaviorism)
Extinction is the process of weakening and eventually eliminating the occurrence of a behavior usually through the removal or withholding of reinforcement.
Reinforcers are either _____ reinforcers or ______ reinforcers
Extrinsic (which are external to a student such as tangible rewards or grades) Intrinsic (comes from within a student, just as personal enjoyment or problem solving)
Gestural prompt
using a physical gesture to indicated the desired response
formal
If a suspension is for 10 or more days, the student has a right to a _____________ hearing before an impartial body.
safety needs
If all of stage one of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs are met, the person will progress to stage two, which consists of the ___________________, which include security, stability, and freedom from fear.
Plyler v Doe
Illegal Immigrants can still go to school
full alphabetic
In which of Ehri's (1995) phases of sight word recognition do students find it easy to differentiate among similarly spelled words like "mat", "mart", and "mate"?
Projects or products
Include stories, essays, drawings, models, audio recordings, videos, PowerPoints, etc.
This refers to the commitment to educate each child to the maximum extent.
Inclusion
learning contract
Independent instruction can take many different forms. Some teachers develop a ___________________ with students as an agreement that defines expectations when working independently. _____________typically provide some degree of creativity on the part of the student but also keep focus on the mastery of learning objectives.
Under IDEA, each student identified as a student with disabilities must have an ______/______/______
Individual Educational Plan IEP
IPDP
Individual Professional Development Plan
This is characterized by a shift in responsibility for learning from the teacher to the student.
Individualized Instruction
This is the process of drawing a general conclusion based on one or more examples.
Inductive Reasoning
What can line graphs compare?
Indviduals students, class data, school data, or national data.
clearly written statement of what students are expected to know and be able to do as a result of an instructional learning experience. Well-written instructional objectives consist of 3 elements: 1 Action - what the student will do 2 Conditions- the circumstances in which the action will take place 3 level of mastery- the level of proficiency expected for the action the objective should be aligned with the assessment procedure
Instructional objectives
Indirect Instruction Methods
Instructional strategies including concept mapping, inquiry, discovery learning, case studies, and problem solving.
interpretation
Lowest level of comprehension
Making Education the Answer
META stand for _____________________.
spiral curriculum
Main Idea #3 (of Jerome Bruner's constructivism theory) is ____________________.
IPE is best when:
It is incorporated throughout the entire curriculum in a vertically and horizontally integrated fashion, in which collaboration, teamwork, and patient-centered care are introduced to students prior to their entering the professional phase of the curriculum
A swiss psychologist/researcher/educator noted in the area of child development established the theory of flexible yet sequential states of child development and the theory that knowledge is best transmitted via social interaction with others and the world.
John Piaget
evaluation
Justifying the result of an experiment uses _____________-level thinking.
LZ:
K-12 grade former ELL who exited the program more than 2 years ago.
ZZ:
K-12 grade non-ELL
Know, Want, Learned
K-W-L stands for what students ___________, __________ to know, and have _______________.
universal principles
Lawrence Kohlberg, Level 3: Postconventional morality: Stage 6: ___________________: While not everyone reaches this stage, in this stage, people determine what is right and wrong based on their own moral principles. People in this stage are concerned about fitting in or about consequences to doing the right thing.
This court case resulted in the Florida Consent Decree, which mandates equal access to program subject matter, content, and benefits to English for Speakers of Other languages (ESOL) students in florida public schools.
League of United Latin American Citizens vs. Florida Board of Education
A Russian psychologist, introduced the theory of zone and proximal development
Lev Vygotsky
c. structure a series of questions to help his students locate Cuba on the map and recognize the geographic proximity to the U.S.
Leveled questions can be used at all grade levels and in all curricular areas. For example, Mr. Burrows is reviewing the Cuban missile crisis with his students and he wants to discuss the reasons for concern at the time. In order to encourage his ELL students to participate in the discussion, Mr. Burrows can do which of the following? a. use TPR (total physical response) b. implement free voluntary reading c. structure a series of questions to help his students locate Cuba on the map and recognize the geographic proximity to the U.S. d. have the students draw picture representing their past experiences related to the topic being discussed
The vocabulary used in a particular professional, subject area or social group
Lexicon
responsibility
Liability is a legal _________________.
permission
Licensing means to be given ________________ to do something, such as teach.
Low-Complexity questions rely mainly on? Moderate Complexity questions rely mainly on? High Complexity questions rely mainly on?
Low- recall of information Moderate-concrete reasoning or problem solving High- should elicit abstract reasoning and higher-order thinking skills
The first vocational schools were established by who?
Middle Atlantic Colonies
During the "During Reading Stage" what are different techniques that could occur while the student is reading the text. 5 things
Monitoring comprehension (being aware of what they know) Question Answering (asking and answering questions about the text) Reciprocal teaching (using a teaching strategy in which students are involved in the cognitive strategies of summarizing, questioning, clarifying and predicting as they read. Identifying text structure (Using explicit instruction in identifying the structure of narrative and expository text) Multiple strategy instruction (Assisting students in applying and practicing multiple strategies while reading)
Planned ignoring
Occurs when social reinforcers—usually attention, physical contact, or verbal interaction—are removed for a brief period contingent on the occurrence of an inappropriate behavior.
________/______/________/_______ is important because most words are learned from context. Therefore , it is important to provide students with in-depth and sustained instruction in context clues
Searching for context clues
Intrinsic
Personal enjoyment
Field Independent
Part Passive Not good in social situations Good at Math and Engineering
preoperational
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development are sensorimotor (birth to age 2), _________________ (ages 2 to 6), concrete operational (ages 7 to 11) and formal operations (beginning around age 12).
Early Representational Thought
Piaget: 18-24 months, children begin representing things or events with symbols. A significant sensorimotor development is object permanence, i.e., realizing things still exist when they are out of sight.
N. Reinforcers
Removal of something unpleasant
conduct
Report cards must clearly depict and grade the student's academic performance in each class or course, the student's _______________, and the student's attendance.
Superego (Freud)
Represents the conscience, holds rules, values for socially acceptable behavior
Accommodation
Requires modifying current schema or creating new schema in order to take the new data or information into account.
text structure
Research has established a strong relationship between students' understanding of _____ _________ and reading comprehension.
Honeymoon
STAGES OF ACCULTURATION: This stage takes place when people first arrive. It is characterized by extreme happiness, sometimes even by euphoria. This is especially prevalent with refugees who have finally arrived safely in North America. For them, their new home is truly the land of milk andhoney.
Vygotsky refers to a variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process known as?
Scaffolding
Vygotsky
Scaffolding Need social interactions Private, self talk speech
constructivist
Scaffolding falls under the _________________ theory.
mapping
Schema learning is part of cognitivism in which sorting new information within the existing frameworks of the mind can be accomplished through the use of __________________ and other graphic organizers.
background knowledge
Schema theory emphasizes the important role that prior knowledge plays in students' learning. Students construct meaning based on their _____________ ____________ about a topic and integrate new knowledge into their existing prior knowledge.
Is the process used by scientist to obtain reliable and valid information about the world we live in.
Scientific Inquiry
Competency 2 learning environments
Select and use appropriate techniques for organizing allocating and managing the resources of time space and attention in a variety of learning environments (face 2 face, virtual) Apply appropriate strategies and procedurals to manage individual student behaviors and group dynamics Use effective techniques for communicating high expectations to all students Evaluate and adapt the learning environment to accommodate the needs and backgrounds of all students Apply relevant techniques for modeling appropriate oral and written communication skills Determine skills and practices that encourage innovation and foster a safe climate of openness inquiry equity and support for all students Apply information and communication technology to maintain a student centered learning environment Identify assistive technologies that enable all students to effectively communicate and achieve their educational goals
4-7 months (receptive)
Sequence of language development: responds to own name; distinguishes among people. What age?
2 years - 3 years (expressive)
Sequence of language development: speaks intelligibly; expresses a range of emotions, desires, comments, questions. What age?
_______ uses positive reinforcement upon successful completion of incremental steps along the way toward a desired learning goal or behavior to change a students behavior.
Shaping
This is where the parent reads a story while the child looks at the text being read and follows along
Shared Reading
guided response (imitation), complex or overt response (skilled)
Simpson's categories of the physical domain (psychomotor) in order of complexity are as follows: perception (awareness), set (readiness), __________, mechanism (proficiency), _____________, and adaptation and organization (modification and construction)
C. Obtain alternate form of this text for the students
Some of the students are unable to read the textbook, how should the teacher handle the situation? A. Have the teacher read the assignment pages to the students B. Make shorter assignments of the text for these students C. Obtain alternate form of this text for the students D. Spend part of the class period having the students read aloud
Visual Learners
Spatial
This state law specifies that the "purpose of the professional development system is to increase student achievement, enhance classroom instructional strategies that promote rigor and relevance throughout the curriculum, and prepare students for continuing education and the workforce."
The School Community Professional Development Act
5E
The ___ model (also called the learning cycle model), follows the principle that students learn best when they are provided opportunities to construct their own understandings of concepts by building on prior knowledge and by actively engaging in the learning experience.
psychomotor
The ______ domain controls motor skill development. Separate from simple being kinesthetic, activities within this domain are designed to specifically improve perceptual skills.
lesson cycle
The _______ ________ model of teaching follows the adage: "tell them what you're going to say, say it, and then tell them what you said." Its components include: focus, explanation, check for understanding, guided practice, closure, independent practice, and reteach & extend.
changes in students
The ________ __ _________ standard requires teachers to provide convincing evidence that professional learning had a positive impact on student achievement gains as measured by classroom assessment data. Unquestionably, this is the most important component of the evaluating strand!
scope
The _________ outlines which learning objectives will be taught to students, which supporting standards need to be mastered for students to fully understand the objective, and the level of complexity that students need to attain.
cognitive
The __________ domain controls the development of intellect. The ways students process new information, store knowledge, and retrieve it to apply to new circumstances fall within this domain.
sequence
The ______________ is the order in which learning objectives are taught to maximize student success. The _________ might include a suggested window of instruction and a pacing guide, as well as embedded opportunities to reteach related material.
META (Making Education the Answer)
The ___________________ Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that provides college scholarships and mentorship to Latino youth in Southern California with the vision of increasing the opportunities for Latinos to become successful business and community leaders.
Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FEPRA)
The _______________________________ protects the confidentiality of student education records.
First Amendment
The _________________guarantees freedom of religion, expression, the press and to peacefully assemble.
generalization
The ability to carry learning over from one setting to a different setting. C3
Logical mathematical intelligence
The ability to do math, recognize patterns, and problem solve
Self-regulation
The ability to learn and solve problems on one's own without assistance
Verbal linguistic intelligence
The ability to use and produce words
Body- kinesthetic Intelligence
The ability to use the body in physical activities
Interpersonal intelligence
The ability to work cooperatively with other people
questions
The advantage of a selected-response test is that more _____________ may be asked because each questions takes less time to answer.
interpersonal
The five critical attributes of cooperative learning are: positive interdependence, individual accountability, group processing of social skills, face-to-face promotive interaction and effective ______________ interaction.
Ecological assessment
The goal of the assessment is to identify environments in which the student functions with greater or lesser difficulty, to understand what contributes to these differences in functioning and to draw useful implications for instructional planning.
Range
The greatest score minus the least score in a set of scores. (Simplest measure of variability).
In order for students to learn...
They need to know whether what they're doing is correct.
Benjamin Bloom
_______ was an American psychologist who contributed taxonomy of educational objectives and the theory of mastery learning, He proposed increasing cooperation over competition and using assessments as learning tools.
Section 504
____________________ of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination based on disability in any program or activity that is subsidized by federal funds, including athletics.
thematic units
____________________, which integrate curricula across content areas under a general theme, helps students make connections between different content areas.
play
________ is a pleasurable, spontaneous, self-motivated, and freely chosen activity. The NAEYC strongly advocates play as an important component of developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood because ______ supports children's cognitive, physical, emotional, and social development.
Checking for understanding
________ planning questions: How will I check for understanding during instruction? How will this information be organized? When and how will my colleagues and I gather common assessment information?
analyzing
What categories in the cognitive domain of Bloom's taxonomy do the following verbs belong? compare, contrast, deconstruct, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, identify, illustrate, infer, outline, relate, select, separate
applied research
What kind of research is for purpose of proving a point, usually to sell a product?
action research
What kind of research is when teachers collect data to analyze their own instructional practices?
qualitative research
What kind of research uses subjective forms of data collection, rather than number-based data, such as test scores?
Natural order
_________ _______ hypothesis deals with the order in which grammatical structures are acquired.
A. anecdotal records A written record of a student's progress over time based on teacher observation notes.
Which of the following would help a teacher identify reasons why a student is misbehaving in class? A. anecdotal records B. attendancesummaries C. discipline referrals D. student grades
Carol Dweck
Who coined the terms "fixed mindset and growth mindset"?
oral language
______ ___________ is the ability to speak and listen. The building blocks for understanding what words mean and how words combine to make sentences and for developing listening comprehension.
Input
______ hypothesis explains how second language acquisition takes place.
Lev Vygotsky
______ was a Russian psychologist who researched what has become social development theory. Culture and social influences determine learning.
Lawrence Kohlberg
______ worked to further develop Piaget's ideas on moral development.
left brain
_______ ________ dominant learners learn analytically / deductively, respond well to verbal instruction, process information logically and analytically, think from parts to whole, prefer structured assignments, etc.
validity
_________ has to do with whether the assessment instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. _________ can be determined by comparing a test score against some separate or independent observation of whatever is being measured.
right brain
_______ ________ dominant learners work best with visual and kinesthetic global activites - they respond best to visual and kinesthetic instruction, process information holistically, see patterns and relationships, think from whole to part, prefer to see the "big picture" before exploring small details, depend on images and pictures for meaning, etc.
Monitor
_______ hypothesis defines the role of conscious learning on language acquisition.
John Dewey
_______ was a pragmatic philosopher who viewed learning as a series of scientific inquiry and experimentation.
behavior scale
To gather information about challenging behaviors, a teacher can develop a _______________. To create a __________________, the teacher should clearly identify the behavior to be observed. Typically, a teacher targets between one or three behaviors. Next, a method for measuring the behavior must be developed. Is information about frequency, duration, and/or intensity going to be part of the data collected? Next, a baseline is established by measuring the behavior before any interventions begin. From there, goals are set. For example, if a student typically has three temper tantrums every hour, the first goal might be to reduce the number of temper tantrums to one per hour.
Why was the IPEC founded?
To promote and encourage efforts that would advance substantive interprofessional learning experiences to help prepare future health professionals for enhanced team-based care of patients and improved population health outcomes.
cognitive dissonance
To resolve ________________________, individuals will change their behavior, change their thoughts about that behavior, or justify the behavior. Creating ___________ carries with its power of persuasion. Recognizing and helping students recognize where the internal conflict is coming from will help solve it.
T or F: Health care professions have historically trained in "silos" with little emphasis on team dynamics
True
The intent of the School Community Professional Development Act is to improve the quality of professional development in Florida's public schools.
True
True or False: To convey high expectations to low achievers, a teacher should set challenging , but attainable, performance standards
True
False: Although products, called benchmark assessments, are often commercially produced, benchmarks can also be locally developed, even within a grade level. However, if the purpose is merely to catalog and categorize, and if no teaching decisions arise, then any commercially or teacher-created assessment ceases to be formative.
True or False? Formative assessments are commercially prepared products.
False: They include many student-centered elements (e.g., goal-setting, self-regulation, peer response practices, and self-assessment) and shift the responsibility of learning to the learners themselves.
True or False? Formative assessments are primary for the teacher's benefit.
False: They occur throughout the day, everyday. While a test format can be used, practices such as checking for understanding through questioning, writing, and discussion can be utilized.
True or False? Formative assessments are test given at regular intervals.
true
True/False: the action in an instructional objective must be observable. C1
Erik Erikson states that at each stage, there is a critical social crisis. How the individual reacts to each future crisis is determined by earlier development and by adjustment to social experiences. What are these stages and ages that correspond.
Trust versus mistrust- Birth -18 months Autonomy versus doubt 18-3 years Initiation versus guilt 3-6 years Industry versus inferiority 6-12 years Identity versus role confusion 12-18 Intimacy versus isolation- young adulthood Generativity versus self-absorption-middle adulthood Integrity versus despaire - late adulthood
By state law teachers must value the pursuit of _______
Truth
experimental instruction
__________ and virtual instruction may include field trips, experiments, games, observations, simulations or role-playing.
What is Competency 2?
Use the knowledge of one's own role and those of other professions to appropriately assess and address the health care needs of patients and to promote and advance the health of populations
interdisciplinary units
Using ___________, which are units of study in which content from all subject areas is integrated, helps students understand that the perimeter of their art project is related to the perimeter of a geometric shape, which may then be transferred to finding the perimeter of their yard when buying fencing material.
phonemes
__________ are the smallest parts of sound in a spoken word. Such as the /b/ in bat.
redirect
When a teacher asks the class if they agree or disagree with a student's response, the teacher is using
Bloom's hierarchy
When developing objectives within the cognitive domain, teachers can use __________ of cognitive skills designed to move students to more rigorous thought process.
clarifying
When focusing on comprehension, if students pay close attention to whether or not the text is making sense to them, they are using the comprehension strategy know as
C. site license guidelines.
When parents request copies of software to use at home with their children, a teacher should consult A. acceptable use policy. B. school technology plan. C. site license guidelines. D. software use procedures.
Choral chant?
When students repeat basic facts, spellings, and laws
D. using enthusiastic hand and eye gestures to introduce a unit on Florida history
Which of the following is an example of a teacher employing a nonverbal communication strategy? A. granting a student a special trip to the media center for good work B. having one student explain a mathematics problem to another C. using a calm voice with two students involved in a heated argument D. using enthusiastic hand and eye gestures to introduce a unit on Florida history
a. think-pair-share
Which of the following learning activities would be most appropriate for a student with verbal-linguistic intelligence? a. think-pair-share b. word maps c. concept sorts d. building models
d. legal representative of the student
Which of the following people are NOT a required member of an ARD committee? a. general education teacher b. a representative of the school district c. the parent of the student d. legal representative of the student
a. observations
Which of the following reflective practices requires respect, trust and collegiality among staff to be effective? a. observations b. reflective journals c. incident analysis d. portfolios
D. promoting student cultures that are studied, shared, and celebrated
Which of the following situations is the best example of a teacher promoting a climate of openness, respect, and inquiry in the classroom? A. creating interest centers and interest groups in the classroom B. establishing a variety of levels of instruction in the learning environment C. developing curriculum that is consistent with students' interests D. promoting student cultures that are studied, shared, and celebrated
C. encouraging safe times to use academic English in class.
Which of the following teaching strategies would best show sensitivity to English language learners' language challenges? A. displaying the students' uncorrected English work in the classroom. B. grouping students by their English knowledge and experience. C. encouraging safe times to use academic English in class. D. assigning students whose first language is English to tutor classmates.
b. social learning theory
Which of the following theories would advocate explaining the instructional objectives to students? a. constructivism b. social learning theory c. pragmatism d. moral development
motivation theory
__________ explains the driving forces behind conduct.
psychological characteristics
____ of the student influence the student's ability to learn and include impulsivity/reflectivity inclination and brain hemisphericity
comprehension monitoring
_____ refers to the reader's ongoing awareness of whether the text makes sense or not. through this type of monitoring, the reader keeps track of how well he or she understands the text, and makes notes of characteristics such as: elements of a text that - are inconsistent with each other, or with the reader's prior knowledge - are unclear, ambiguous, or lacking in key information are too difficult for the reader to understand - represent unwarranted conclusions or unexpected events
Jean Piaget
_____ was a Swiss psychologist who was the first to study cognition in children. He identified stages of development.
report cards
______ _______ are summative assessments that reflect a student's academic performance relative to established learning criteria. By Florida law, students and parents must receive student ________ _________ on a regular basis.
emergent literacy
____________ _____________ describes the skills, knowledge and attitudes that are developmental precursors to conventional forms of reading and writing. Emergent literacy provides the foundation for learning to read and write. The most important emergent literacy skills for the development of reading are oral language, concepts of print and letter knowledge, and phonological sensitivity.
content standards
____________ indicate what knowledge and skills students at particular grades are required to master in particular subject areas.
semantic organizer
____________ is a type of graphic organizer consisting of a central concept, to which related concepts are linked be means of branching lines.
manipulatives
____________, which are items that students are able to move or change during hands-on instruction, may be purchased or created by students. ________________ are especially helpful when teaching students a conceptual understanding of mathematics concepts.
phonemic
_____________ awareness is the ability to recognize, think about, and work with the individual sounds in spoken words. Before students learn to read print, they need to become aware of how the sounds in words work.
Sequential
_____________ cultures, such as those found in the United States, Canada and northern Europe, typically do one thing at a time and place a large amount of value in being on time and not wasting time.
moral
_____________ domain deals with the acquisition of values.
copyright
_____________ is the exclusive right to intellectual or creative works such as literary or musical pieces.
cooperative
_____________ learning instruction allows students to assume responsibility for their own learning as they work together to complete a project or activity.
ability tests
_____________ measure a person's ability to perform a particular skill without any training.
ticket out the door or exit ticket
_____________ or _____________ is a short summary of learning or answer to an open-ended question that students write as a part of closure for a lesson that provides insight about students' strengths and challenges regarding new learning.
vocabulary
_____________ refers to the words that one knows and understands.
static
_____________ relationships is when you ask the student to describe an object or photograph, instruct a student on how to assemble a piece of equipment or giving route directions.
graphic organizers
______________ are visual representations of concepts and facts as well as relationships between them. They can be used to illustrate a sequence of events, to analyze cause-effect relationships, or to compare and contrast concepts, and to summarize the connections among related concepts.
KWL
______________ charts activate prior knowledge and guide students through learning goals.
classical conditioning
______________ is when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflex response through conditioning.
equivalent-forms reliability
______________ refers to the extent to which alternative forms of the same assessment yield the same results.
Dynamic
______________ relationships involve storytelling or giving an eyewitness account.
behaviorism
_______________ is a learning theory based on using immediate consequences to either weaken or strengthen a learner's observable response. A consequence is a pleasant or unpleasant effect that follows a behavior and influences whether it will occur again. Other key ideas associated with behaviorism include positive and negative reinforcement, intrinsic and extrinsic reinforcers, extinction, reinforcement schedule and shaping.
Title IX
_______________ of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits gender discrimination, including sexual harassment, inequality in athletic opportunity, inequality in STEM courses, and discrimination based on pregnancy.
phonological
_______________ sensitivity is the ability to detect and manipulate rhymes, syllables, or phonemes. The sequence of ___________ sensitivity (same word) usually begins with larger units of speech sounds (words) and progresses to smaller (syllables) and smaller units of sounds (phonemes).
attribution theory
_______________ suggests that internal attribution, or personality flaws, are assumed when other people make mistakes. Victim-blaming occurs because people tend to view the victim as a predictable stereotype.
Anticipation guides
________________ (as an informal diagnostic assessment) ask students questions about the content they are about to learn to spark student interest and activate prior knowledge.
concepts of print
________________ ___ ____________ include knowing the difference between the covers and the pages of a book and the difference between pictures and print on a page; knowing that print carries a message, that print in a book is read left-to-right and top-to-bottom, and that print progresses from front to back across pages; and knowing the uses of upper and lowercase letters and punctuation, including spaces between words.
divergent thinkers
________________ are people who think more deeply and differently from other people.
classroom management
____________________ can be defined as whatever a teacher does to ensure that the classroom environment is positive and allows instructional objectives to be achieved.
John Watson
____________________ coined the term behaviorism.
learning theories
____________________ have applied research to describe how genetics, development, environment, motivation, and emotions affect a student's ability to acquire and apply knowledge.
peer practice
____________________ is a popular form of interactive instruction that uses social interaction among students to promote learning goals.
SMART goals
________________ have a specific rubric: Specific: Involves identifying a specific area for improvement. The more specific the area, the more refined the goal can be. It makes it easier to set parameters and work towards the goal. Measurable: Quantifying goals provides specific ways to track progress against goals. This makes it easy to benchmark performance throughout the goal period, including areas to improve. Achievable: Setting goals that can be completed in the designated period of time. Often, these goals may act like stepping stones to help meet broader goals that further define a career. Realistic: It is important to create goals that are within a current skill set or area of expertise. Building expertise takes time, so expecting to become an expert in a short amount of time is unrealistic. Being realistic will make it easy to be successful at attaining goals. Time-based: Establishing time parameters around each goal as it will help increase focus and accountability. With _______________, professionals can target their activities to ensure that they are growing into their role and able to reach future career aspirations.
integrative framework
________________ is a plan for achieving goals in all subject areas by combining content across disciplines.
remediation
________________ is additional support provided to regular education students to bridge gaps in learning specific objectives.
morphology
________________ is the study of how morphemes are combined to make words.
inter-rater reliability
________________ refers to extent to which observers agree on assessment results.
Edward Thorndike
________________'s research initially led to operant conditioning
Aptitude tests
_________________ are used to measure a person's ability to develop a particular skills if properly trained.
research projects
_________________ give students the opportunity to study specific concepts in depth using scientific principles for gathering information.
experiential learning
_________________ is acquiring knowledge through experiences, including hands-on learning. It is highly engaging and gives students opportunities to categorize their learning according to their schema.
interactive learning
_________________ is an approach that relies heavily on social interaction and cooperative grouping. The social experience and ability to formulate learning into words while working within a group is highly engaging for some students and tend to develop schema and commit information into long-term memory.
Secondary reinforcers
_________________ refer to stimuli which become rewarding when paired with other reinforcing stimulus. These reinforcers aren't important for survival like the primary reinforcers, but are still vital for daily living. These reinforcers are also known as Conditioned Reinforcers. For example: money, grades and praise are conditioned reinforcers.
Goss v. Lopez
_________________(lawsuit) determined that students must be given the opportunity to have an INFORMAL hearing with school administrators before a suspension from school.
scoring guides
__________________ (as assessment tools) are similar to a rubric because they outline criteria for quality work and define levels of proficiency; however, they differ from rubrics in that each criterion is weighed with a multiplier. For example, a rubric may measure writing scores based on mechanics, word choice and organization. ____________________ may indicate that word choice is more important than mechanics, and so the score on the word choice portion of the rubric will be multiple by two.
Albert Bandura
__________________ is a Canadian psychologist who developed the social learning theory. He believes that learning is a combination of cognition, behavior and evironment.
cloze procedures
__________________ is omitting words from the text as a reading comprehension activity.
verbal prompting
__________________ is using words or beginning phonemes to assist students.
pragmatic
__________________ language in ELL students refers to knowledge of social language.
exit tickets
__________________ or tickets out the door offer individualized information about what students have gained from a learning experiences.
conferences
__________________(format) are meetings between the teacher and each student in which learning is orally assessed and evaluated.
observation
__________________(format) is when a teacher watches a student engaged in learning activity to find evidence of learning.
Intermittent rewards
__________________, such as preferred activities, praise, and tangible rewards, are powerful tools for modifying classroom behavior.
rating scales
___________________ (as an assessment tool) are used to rate attitudes and opinions on a continuum. Typically, a __________________-will ask participants to rate an ides or an experience on a number scale or a category, such as "strongly agree", "agree", "disagree", and "strongly disagree". They can be used for self-assessment or peer assessment, or to gather student input to evaluate learning activities and overall understanding of concepts. For example, the teacher can ask students to rate the participation of their peers during a cooperative learning activity.
anticipation guides
___________________ as informal diagnostic assessments, ask students questions about the content they are going to learn to spark students interest and activate prior knowledge.
comprehension
___________________ is an active process to derive or construct meaning from a text selection.
Cognitive dissonance theory
___________________ refers to the uneasiness that is felt when an individual has conflicting thoughts.
reflective journals
____________________ as reflective practice, allows teachers to reflect in writing on their own practices.
achievement tests
____________________ measure acquired knowledge or skills.
During concrete operational stage,
ages 7 to 11, children develop the ability to take another point of view(decenter). -can think of the whole and its parts simultaneously (class inclusion), and can arrange objects in sequential order (seriation).
structural analysis
a strategy for determining the meaning of a word by breaking the word into its component subunits - prefixes, root words, suffixes, inflectional endings (-s, -es, -ed, -est, etc) and derivational endings (-y, -ly, -ial, -ic). Like "un-believ-able"
looking-glass self
a term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others' reactions to us
differentiating instruction
a way to meet the needs of diverse learners and maximize their growth and success by providing a type of individualized learning
A reflective journal is a ___ and effective way for teachers to identify strengths, challenges and potential problems.
authentic
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)—
banned the practice of racial segregation in schools, striking down the notion of "separate but equal" schooling.
a test should be constructed according to a ____ that reflects the objectives of the ___ content to be learned
blueprint, content
ongoing throughout the lesson
checking for understanding is
observational assessment
checklists, rating scales, duration records, time-sampling records and anecdotal records are examples of ....
Competency 1 instructional design and planning
choose appropriate methods, strategies, and evaluation instruments : formative assessment, summarize assessment. For assessing and monitoring student performance levels, needs, and learning Select a variety of instructional practices, materials and technologies that foster critical, creative, and reflective thinking aligned with state adopter standards at the appropriate level of rigor Determine & apply learning experiences & activities that require students to demonstrate a variety of applicable skills and competencies Identify instructional resources based on measurable objectives, individual student learning needs and performance levels Apply learning theories to instructional design and planning Determine long term instructional goals & short term objectives appropriate to student learning needs and performance levels aligned with state adopted standards Select and use culturally responsive instructional materials and practices in planning Select lessons and concepts that are sequenced to active prior knowledge and ensure coherence among the lessons Identify patterns of physical social and academic development to differentiate instructional design for student mastery determine and apply appropriate intervention strategies based on individual student needs and data
Norm-Reference
compares student performances. Provide students with a percentile ranking.
Trisomy 21
condition in which an individual has three number 21 chromosomes, resulting in Down syndrome
____________________ is a learner-centered approach to teaching that emphasizes teaching for understanding, predicated on the concept that students construct knowledge by making connections between present learning experiences and the existing knowledge they already possess. .
constructivism
objective questions
depend less on teacher judgement when grading
a technique to help students identify and retain significant information
emphasis
metacognitive approach
evaluating and monitoring oneself
this type of learner processes information in parts, might focus on specific parts rather than see the whole, passive in social situations
field independent
this type of learner tends to be less influenced by peers, likes working alone, chooses fields like math, science, and engineering
field independent
5E model (Learning cycle model)
follows principles that students learn best when they are provided opportunities to construct their own understandings of concepts by building on prior knowledge and by actively engaging in the learning experience 1 Engage - the teacher engages student's attention and stimulates motivation to learn by helping students relate the content to their prior knowledge and to their own personal interests and experiences 2 explore- students work together, usually in pairs or small groups, to get directly involved with the phenomena and materials. the teacher becomes a facilitator, providing support as the students engage in active inquiry 3 explain - students support each other's understandings as they communicate their findings and discuss their ideas, observations, questions, and predictions 4 extend/elaborate - students expand on the concepts learned, make connections to other related concepts and apply their understandings to real world settings 5 evaluate - in fl, the last E is more directly about assessment than evaluation.in the learner centered classroom, assessment should be shared between the teacher and students and shold include "both self and peer assessment as well as teach assessment the 5E model overlaps with the lesson cycle model- both are designed to accomplish learning objectives The 5E model is deigned to help students construct their own understandings of concepts One purpose of the engage component of the 5 E model is to gain students attention during the explore component of a 5E lesson, the teacher's role is as a facilitator
Epperson v. Arkansas (1968)—
found prohibition of teaching evolution to be unconstitutional.
level 2 complexity
in math, solving a simple linear equation is
level 4 complexity
in social studies, conducting a study of local natural resources is
integrated instructions
in these models of instructions, content areas overlap with each other and with language, and that language skills such as reading, writing and speaking are independent.
vocal cues
include such vocal elements as tone, pitch, tempo, loudness, and inflection
projects
includes stories, essays, drawings, models, audio recordings, videos, powerpoints, and other mechanisms that allow students to demonstrate their acquisition of knowledge and skills
evaluative level thinking
involves judging the quality of an idea or solution
Blooms Taxonomy-Analysis
involves subdividing knowledge to show how it fits togheter
negative punishment
involves taking away a desirable reward (for example, free time) in order to deter undesirable behavior
What is the PS/RtL (Problem-Solving/Response to Intervention)
is a data-based decision-making model that involves matching instruction and intervention to meet the diverse needs of learners.
formal assessments
is a deliberate effort to determine a student's status such as knowledge, skills, or attitude
educational assessment
is a formal attempt to determine students' status with respect to educational variables of interest
Constructivist instruction
is based on the constructivist belief "that learning is an active process [in which prior knowledge plays a powerful role], that it has social aspects, and that it is context specific". -
Prompting
is the technique of eliciting more information from students, often for the purpose of clarifying students contributions or obtaining justification for their answers.
Prompting or asking leading questions
is the technique of providing hints or suggestions to encourage students to keep trying and not give up. Wait time.
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
it has been shown that students can internalize what a teacher expects of them and will perform at that level, whether its positive or negative.
Strategic competence
it is an aspect of mathematical proficiency, an ability to formulate and conduct mathematical problems.
tell them what you're going to say, say it, and then tell them what you said 1 focus - the teacher gains student's attention, explains the instructional objectives of the lesson, communicates the expectations for the lesson, and links the lesson objective to student's prior knowledge 2 explanation - the teacher presents new infomation related to the lesson's instructional objective using various techniques such as demonstrating and modeling skills, giving examples and nonexamples of concepts, and stating and applying academic rules 3 check for understanding - the teacher observes and questions students to determine the edgree to which they understand the concepts and essntial information presnted in the explanation component of the lesson. Checking for understanding is frequent and ongoing throughout the lesson. the teacher provides clarification and specific feedback to reinforce learning and to avert misunderstandings 4 guided practice - the teacher monitors and scaffolds student's learning as they apply the new knowledge or skills 5 closure - the teach "wraps up" the lesson by reviewing with the students the instructional content that was presented in the lesson 6 independent practice - the students apply the new knowledge or skills without assistance from the teacher. independent practice is usually given as homework. 7. reteach and extend - the teacher has planned additional instruction using an alternative strategy for students who fail to achieve the instructional objective and new learning experiences for sstudents who are ready to extend their learning
lesson cycle model
Egrule method
moves from specific example to general rules or definitions
during guided practice, the teacher
monitors & scaffolds student's learning as they apply the new knowledge or skills
Thematic
one or more themes or topics is what it is centered around.
5 attributes of Cooperative Learning
positive interdependence - everyone's success depends on the success of everyone else in the group individual accountability- everyone in the group has to contribute and learn group processing of social skills - group functioning is frequently monitored and adjusted to improve group effectiveness face-to-face promotive interaction - group members facilitate and help each other by committing personal resources, encouragement, and assisstance to others to achieve group goals effective interpersonal interaction - group members regularly use interpersonal skills such as using appropriate tone, voice level, and turn-taking to show respect for others Purpose : to encourage students to help each other learn 4 types of cooperative learning 1 jigsawing - group members become experts on an assigned topic that they then teach to others after reorganizing into different groups, so that everntually all members of the class known all the content 2 corners - group members meet in a designated corner of the room to discuss an assigned topic and teach it to the rest of the class 3 think, pair, share - 1st, students work individually on an assigned problem-solving task; next, they pair with a partner to discuss and revise; finally, they share their results with the entire class 4 debate - students work in teams to research a topic and formulate persuasive arguments supporting their viewpoints on an issue. Then they present their arguments in a teacher-determined format and structure. -Positive interdependence means everyone's success depends on the success of everyone else -cooperative learning group activitiews are learner-centered, teacher centered -in jigsawing, group members become experts on an assigned topic -Cooperative learning produces higher levels of student achievement
expert power
power that is based on the special knowledge, skills, and expertise that a leader possesses
The appropriate use of _______, which is a pleasant consequence that follows a behavior , is an essential strategy associate with a behavioristic approach to learning.
reinforcement
creative thinking
the mental process of generating new ideas, recognizing and finding solutions to problems, and making informed decisions
critical thinking
the mental process of making reasoned judgments and reaching objective conclusions by analyzing, organizing, comparing, synthesizing, logically examining, challenging, and evaluating assumptions and evidence
median
the midpoint in a distribution of scores from highest to lowest
ethnocentrism
the natural tendency to view one's own cultural or familial ways of doing things as best and most acceptable
Hawthorne Effect
the phenomenon whereby what teachers expected became reality
a student with a score at the 50th percentile means...
the student has an average score
repeated reading
the students read passages aloud several times and receive guidance and feedback from the teacher
Giving examples and non examples is an appropriate teach action during the explanation component of the lesson cycle model
true
true-false: it is appropriate for students to be given responsibility for their own learning
true
grade equivalent score
used to describe student's performance in comparison to the performance of an average student at a specified grade level
measures of variability
used to describe the amount of spread
Teachers should be prepared to expect differences ___ a group as well as between groups
within
A destructive program that reproduces itself to cause damage to a computer system or netowrk
worm
A teachers IPDP should be implemented as______
written
The ___________________development is the gap between a student's independent level of problem-solving ability and the student's potential level of problem-solving ability that can be achieved with assistance from an adult or more capable peer (Gestwicki, 1999).
zone of proximal
