professionalism

A lawyer quotes a precedent for punishment of a crime committed by the defendant in a trial. What is court-made law known as?

Common law

Two children need a kidney transplant. One is the child of a famous sports figure, whereas the other child comes from a low-income family. What ethically relevant consideration is important to the nurse as an advocate for these clients?

Cost-effectiveness and allocation

The nursing instructor is explaining critical thinking to a class of first-semester nursing students. When promoting critical thinking skills in these students, the instructor should encourage them to do which of the following actions?

Examine and analyze all available information.

A nurse states to the client that she will keep her free of pain. However, her family wishes to try a treatment to prolong her life that may necessitate withholding pain medication. This factor will cause an ethical dilemma for the nurse in relation to which ethical principle?

Fidelity

A nurse is admitting a new patient to the medical unit. During the initial nursing assessment, the nurse has asked many supplementary open-ended questions while gathering information about the new patient. What is the nurse achieving through this approach?

Validating what the patient has said

A nurse uses critical thinking every day when going through the nursing process. Which of the following is an outcome of critical thinking in nursing practice?

A comprehensive plan of care with a high potential for success

During report, a nurse finds that she has been assigned to care for a patient admitted with an opportunistic infection secondary to AIDS. The nurse informs the clinical nurse leader that she is refusing to care for him because he has AIDS. The nurse has an obligation to this patient under which legal premise?

ANA Code of Ethics

An audit of a large, university medical center reveals that four patients in the hospital have current orders for restraints. You know that restraints are an intervention of last resort, and that it is inappropriate to apply restraints to which of the following patients?

A patient with urosepsis who is ringing the call bell incessantly to use the bedside commode

Critical thinking and decision-making skills are essential parts of nursing in all venues. What are examples of the use of critical thinking in the venue of genetics-related nursing? Select all that apply. A) Notifying individuals and family members of the results of genetic testing B) Providing a written report on genetic testing to an insurance company C) Assessing and analyzing family history data for genetic risk factors D) Identifying individuals and families in need of referral for genetic testing E) Ensuring privacy and confidentiality of genetic information

C, D, E

A nurse provides client care within a philosophy of ethical decision making and professional expectations. What is the nurse using as a framework for practice?

Code of Ethics

The nurse caring for a patient who is two days post hip replacement notifies the physician that the patient's incision is red around the edges, warm to the touch, and seeping a white liquid with a foul odor. What type of problem is the nurse dealing with?

Collaborative problem

In the process of planning a patient's care, the nurse has identified a nursing diagnosis of Ineffective Health Maintenance related to alcohol use. What must precede the determination of this nursing diagnosis?

Collecting and analyzing data that corroborates the diagnosis

Which of the following is the nurse's best legal safeguard?

Competent practice

A nurse is arrested for possession of illegal drugs. What kind of law is involved with this type of activity?

Criminal

A nurse provides care on an orthopedic reconstruction unit and is admitting two new patients, both status post knee replacement. What would be the best explanation why their care plans may be different from each other?

Individual patients are seen as unique and dynamic, with individual needs.

While developing the plan of care for a new patient on the unit, the nurse must identify expected outcomes that are appropriate for the new patient. What resource should the nurse prioritize for identifying these appropriate outcomes?

Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes Classification (NOC)

A nursing instructor is teaching a class about ethical principles to a group of nursing students. The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students give which of the following as an example of nonmaleficence?

Protecting clients from a chemically impaired practitioner

A nurse has been providing ethical care for many years and is aware of the need to maintain the ethical principle of nonmaleficence. Which of the following actions would be considered a contradiction of this principle?

Refusing to administer pain medication as ordered

A nurse has been offered a position on an obstetric unit and has learned that the unit offers therapeutic abortions, a procedure which contradicts the nurse's personal beliefs. What is the nurse's ethical obligation to these patients?

The nurse should make the choice to decline this position and pursue a different nursing role.

A medical nurse is caring for a patient who is palliative following metastasis. The nurse is aware of the need to uphold the ethical principle of beneficence. How can the nurse best exemplify this principle in the care of this patient?

The nurse stays with the patient during his or her death.

A client gets out of bed following hip surgery, falls, and re-injures her hip. The nurse caring for her knows that it is her duty to make sure an incident report is filed. Which of the following statements accurately describes the correct procedure for filing an incident report?

The report should contain all the variables related to the incident.

During a clinical placement on a subacute, geriatric medicine unit, a student nurse fed a stroke client some beef broth, despite the fact that the client's diet was restricted to thickened fluids. As a result, the client aspirated and developed pneumonia. Which of the following statements underlies the student's potential liability in this situation?

The same standards of care that apply to a registered nurse apply to the student.

The nurse admits a patient to an oncology unit that is a site for a study on the efficacy of a new chemotherapeutic drug. The patient knows that placebos are going to be used for some participants in the study but does not know that he is receiving a placebo. When is it ethically acceptable to use placebos?

When the patient knows placebos are being used and is involved in the decision-making process

A student nurse has been assigned to provide basic care for a 58-year-old man with a diagnosis of AIDS-related pneumonia. The student tells the instructor that she is unwilling to care for this patient. What key component of critical thinking is most likely missing from this student's practice?

Withholding judgment

A patient admitted with right leg thrombophlebitis is to be discharged from an acute-care facility. Following treatment with a heparin infusion, the nurse notes that the patient's leg is pain-free, without redness or edema. Which step of the nursing process does this reflect?

Evaluation

In response to a patient's complaint of pain, the nurse administered a PRN dose of hydromorphone (Dilaudid). In what phase of the nursing process will the nurse determine whether this medication has had the desired effect?

Evaluation

A client, unsure of the need for surgery, asks the nurse, "What should I do?" What answer by the nurse is based on advocacy?

"Tell me more about what makes you think you don't want surgery."

A nurse is caring for a client who is a practicing Jehovah's Witness. The physician orders two units of packed cells based on his low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. The nurse states to the surgeon that it is unethical to go against the patient's beliefs even though his blood counts are very low. What is the best description of the nurse's intentions?

Acting in the patient's best interest

The nurse, in collaboration with the patient's family, is determining priorities related to the care of the patient. The nurse explains that it is important to consider the urgency of specific problems when setting priorities. What provides the best framework for prioritizing patient problems?

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

What is the legal source of rules of conduct for nurses?

Nurse Practice Acts

A nurse in a women's health clinic values abstinence as the best method of birth control. However, she offers compassionate care to unmarried pregnant adolescents. What is the nurse demonstrating?

nonjudgmental "value neutral" care

Which of the following is the most frequent reason for revocation or suspension of a nurse's license?

Alcohol or drug abuse

A nurse has a duty of nonmaleficence. Which of the following would be considered a contradiction to that duty?

Refuse to administer pain medication as ordered.

Achieving adequate pain management for a postoperative patient will require sophisticated critical thinking skills by the nurse. What are the potential benefits of critical thinking in nursing? Select all that apply. A) Enhancing the nurse's clinical decision making B) Identifying the patient's individual preferences C) Planning the best nursing actions to assist the patient D) Increasing the accuracy of the nurse's judgments E) Helping identify the patient's priority needs

A, C, D, E

The nurse has just taken report on a newly admitted patient who is a 15-year-old girl who is a recent immigrant to the United States. When planning interventions for this patient, the nurse knows the interventions must be which of the following? Select all that apply. A) Appropriate to the nurse's preferences B) Appropriate to the patient's age C) Ethical D) Appropriate to the patient's culture E) Applicable to others with the same diagnosis

B, C, D

The nursing instructor cites a list of skills that support critical thinking in clinical situations. The nurse should describe skills in which of the following domains? Select all that apply. A) Self-esteem B) Self-regulation C) Inference D) Autonomy E) Interpretation

B, C, E

A nurse is unsure how best to respond to a patient's vague complaint of feeling off. The nurse is attempting to apply the principles of critical thinking, including metacognition. How can the nurse best foster metacognition?

By examining the way that she thinks and applies reason

A class of nursing students is in their first semester of nursing school. The instructor explains that one of the changes they will undergo while in nursing school is learning to think like a nurse. What is the most current model of this thinking process?

Clinical Judgment Model

The nurse is providing care for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse's most recent assessment reveals an SaO2 of 89%. The nurse is aware that part of critical thinking is determining the significance of data that have been gathered. What characteristic of critical thinking is used in determining the best response to this assessment finding?

Interpretation

A care conference has been organized for a patient with complex medical and psychosocial needs. When applying the principles of critical thinking to this patient's care planning, the nurse should most exemplify what characteristic?

Openness to various viewpoints

Your patient has been admitted for a liver biopsy because the physician believes the patient may have liver cancer. The family has told both you and the physician that if the patient is terminal, the family does not want the patient to know. The biopsy results are positive for an aggressive form of liver cancer and the patient asks you repeatedly what the results of the biopsy show. What strategy can you use to give ethical care to this patient?

Promptly communicate the patient's request for information to the family and the physician.

A group of students have been challenged to prioritize ethical practice when working with a marginalized population. How should the students best understand the concept of ethics?

The formal, systematic study of moral beliefs

When the nurse inserts an ordered urinary catheter into the client's urethra after the client has refused the procedure, and then the client suffers an injury, the client may sue the nurse for which type of tort?

Battery

A nurse is caring for a woman 28 years of age who has delivered a baby by Cesarean section. She describes her pain as a 9. The nurse medicates her for pain. This is an example of which of the following ethical frameworks?

Beneficence

A client nearing the end of life requests that he be given no food or fluids. The physician orders the insertion of a nasogastric tube to feed the client. What situation does this create for the nurse providing care?

An ethical dilemma about inconsistent courses of action

A student nurse is working in the library on her plan of care for a clinical assignment. The client's name is written at the top of her plan. What ethical responsibility is the student violating?

Confidentiality

While receiving report on a group of patients, the nurse learns that a patient with terminal cancer has granted power of attorney for health care to her brother. How does this affect the course of the patient's care?

Another individual has been identified to make decisions on behalf of the patient.

A nurse has had, on several occasions, the opportunity to share personal prescriptions with family members when they were in need of pain medication or antibiotics. Which set of rules should govern this moral decision?

Ethics

The nurse is accused of malpractice by a client. List the order in which the steps of the litigation process will occur (use all options). 1) The basis for the claim is determined to be appropriate and timely with all elements of liability present. 2) All parties named as defendants (nurses, physicians, health care agency), as well as insurance companies and attorneys, work toward a fair settlement. 3) Trial takes place; both sides present their evidence and arguments. 4) The case is presented to a malpractice arbitration panel. The panel's decision is either accepted or rejected, in which case a complaint is filed in trial court. 5) Pretrial discovery activities occur: review of medical records and depositions of plaintiff, defendants, and witnesses. 6) The defendants contest allegations.

1, 2, 4, 6, 5, 3

An ethical conflict exists around a female client's expressed desire to have a neighbor make her treatment decisions. This neighbor is an individual who the client's children characterize as a predator. Place in the correct order the steps that the nurse should follow in resolving this ethical conflict. 1. Clearly identify the ethical problem 2. Apply ethical principles to the situation 3. Identify the different options 4. Gather relevant data about the situation 5. Make and evaluate a decision

4, 1, 3, 2, 5

Which of the following are examples of a nurse demonstrating the professional value of altruism? Select all that apply. A) The nurse arranges for an interpreter for a client whose primary language is Spanish. B) The nurse calls the physician of a client whose pain medication is not strong enough. C) The nurse provides information for a client so he is capable of participating in planning his care. D) The nurse reviews a client chart to determine who may be informed of the patient's condition. E) The nurse documents client care accurately and honestly and reviews the entry to ensure there are no errors.

A, B

According to HIPPA regulations, which of the following is a client right regarding the client's medical record? Select all that apply. A) To see the health record B) To copy the health record C) To make additions to the health record D) To cross out sections of the health record E) To restrict certain disclosures of the health record

A, B, E

Which of the following statements accurately describes an aspect of the credentialing process used in nursing practice? Select all that apply. A) Credentialing refers to the way in which professional competence is ensured and maintained. B) Accreditation is the process by which the state determines that a person meets minimum requirements to practice nursing. C) Certification grants recognition in a specified practice area to people who meet certain criteria. D) Legal accreditation of a school preparing nursing personnel by the state Board of Nursing is voluntary. E) Once earned, a license to practice is a property right and may not be revoked without due process.

A, C, E

A nurse explains the informed consent form to a client who is scheduled for heart bypass surgery. Which of the following are elements of this consent form? Select all that apply. A) Disclosure B) Organ donation C) DNR orders D) Comprehension E) Competence

A, D, E

Which of the following nursing actions would be considered a violation of HIPPA regulations? Select all that apply. A) A nurse ambulates a client through a hospital hallway in a hospital gown that is open in the back. B) A nurse shoves a confused, bedridden client into bed after he made several attempts to get up. C) A nurse inadvertently administers the wrong dose of morphine to a client in the ICU. D) A nurse uses a client's chart as a sample teaching case without changing the client's name. E) A nurse reports the condition of a client to the client's employer.

A, D, E

You are providing care for a patient who has a diagnosis of pneumonia attributed toStreptococcus pneumonia infection. Which of the following aspects of nursing care would constitute part of the planning phase of the nursing process?

Achieve SaO2 ³ 92% at all times.

A group of nurses working in a long-term care facility fails to keep the narcotic medications in a secure location. The nurses also fail to count the medications before and after each shift, as indicated by the institution's policies and procedures. These failures may result in what type of disciplinary action?

Action against the nurses' licenses

A recent nursing graduate is aware of the differences between nursing actions that are independent and nursing actions that are interdependent. A nurse performs an interdependent nursing intervention when performing which of the following actions?

Administering an IV bolus of normal saline to a patient with hypotension

You are following the care plan that was created for a patient newly admitted to your unit. Which of the following aspects of the care plan would be considered a nursing implementation?

Ambulate the patient twice per day with partial assistance.

A client refuses to have a pain medication administered by injection. A nurse says, "If you don't let me give you the shot, I will get help to hold you down and give it." With what crime might the nurse be charged?

Assault

A nurse has been named as a defendant in a lawsuit. With whom should the nurse discuss the case?

Attorney

A patient has been diagnosed with small-cell lung cancer. He has met with the oncologist and is now weighing the relative risks and benefits of chemotherapy and radiotherapy as his treatment. This patient is demonstrating which ethical principle in making his decision?

Autonomy

A woman age 83 years who has suffered a cerebrovascular accident and is unable to swallow refuses the insertion of a feeding tube. This is an example of what ethical principle?

Autonomy

The physician has recommended an amniocentesis for an 18-year-old primiparous woman. The patient is 34 weeks' gestation and does not want this procedure. The physician is insistent the patient have the procedure. The physician arranges for the amniocentesis to be performed. The nurse should recognize that the physician is in violation of what ethical principle?

Autonomy

While at lunch, a nurse heard other nurses at a nearby table talking about a client they did not like. When they asked him what he thought, he politely refused to join in the conversation. What value was the nurse demonstrating?

Basic respect for human dignity

A nurse fails to administer a medication that prevents seizures, and the client has a seizure. The nurse is in violation of the Nurse Practice Act. What type of law is the nurse in violation of?

Civil

What type of law regulates the practice of nursing?

Civil law

A nurse is caring for a client who is a celebrity in the area. A person claiming he is a family member inquires about the medical details of the client. The nurse reveals the information but later comes to find out that the person was not a family member. The nurse has violated which of the following?

Confidentiality

A lawsuit has been brought against a nurse for malpractice. The client fell and suffered a skull fracture, resulting in a longer hospital stay and need for rehabilitation. What does the description of the client and his injuries represent as proof of malpractice?

Damages

What is the function of the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses?

Delineates nurses' conduct and responsibilities

When a nurse refuses to compromise a client's right to privacy, even when the nurse is threatened, the nurse is expressing an ethical framework termed what?

Deontologic

A nurse has been using the nursing process as a framework for planning and providing patient care. What action would the nurse do during the evaluation phase of the nursing process?

Document a patient's improved air entry with incentive spirometric use.

A dying client tells the nurse that he doesn't want to see his family because he doesn't want to cause them more sadness. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?

Help the patient clarify his values.

An adult patient has requested a do not resuscitate (DNR) order in light of his recent diagnosis with late stage pancreatic cancer. The patient's son and daughter-in-law are strongly opposed to the patient's request. What is the primary responsibility of the nurse in this situation?

Honor the request of the patient.

You are writing a care plan for an 85-year-old patient who has community-acquired pneumonia and you note decreased breath sounds to bilateral lung bases on auscultation. What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient?

Ineffective airway clearance related to tracheobronchial secretions

An emergency department nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child suspected of having meningitis. The patient is to have a lumbar puncture performed, and the nurse is doing preprocedure teaching with the child and the mother. The nurse's action is an example of which therapeutic communication technique?

Informing

A client who is scheduled to have surgery for a hernia the next day is anxious about the whole procedure. The nurse assures the client that surgery for hernias is very common and that the prognosis is very good. What skills of the nurse are reflected here?

Interpersonal skills

Two nurses are discussing a client's condition in an elevator full of visitors. With what crime might the nurses be charged?

Invasion of privacy

A medical nurse has obtained a new patient's health history and completed the admission assessment. The nurse has followed this by documenting the results and creating a care plan for the patient. Which of the following is the most important rationale for documenting the patient's care?

It provides continuity of care.

A nurse working in a long-term care facility has an elderly male client who is very confused. What ethical dilemma is posed when using restraints in a long-term care setting?

It threatens autonomy.

The care team has deemed the occasional use of restraints necessary in the care of a patient with Alzheimer's disease. What ethical violation is most often posed when using restraints in a long-term care setting?

It threatens the patient's autonomy.

Which of the following modes of value transmission is most likely to lead to confusion and conflict?

Laissez-faire

A nurse moves from Ohio to Missouri. Where can a copy of the Nurse Practice Act in Missouri be obtained?

Missouri State Board of Nursing

A mother always thanks clerks at the grocery store. Her daughter age 6 years echoes her thank you. The child is demonstrating what mode of value transmission?

Modeling

A nurse has begun creating a patient's plan of care shortly after the patient's admission. It is important that the wording of the chosen nursing diagnoses falls within the taxonomy of nursing. Which organization is responsible for developing the taxonomy of a nursing diagnosis?

NANDA

A nurse does not assist with ambulation for a postoperative client on the first day after surgery. The client falls and fractures a hip. What charge might be brought against the nurse?

Negligence

A home care nurse visits a client who is confined to bed and is cared for by her daughter. The daughter is known to suffer from chemical dependence. The home is cluttered and unclean. During the assessment the nurse notes that the client is wet with urine and has dried feces on her buttocks, and demonstrates signs of dehydration. After caring for the client, the nurse contacts the physician and reports the incident to Adult Protective Services. This is an example of which ethical framework?

Nonmaleficence

A home health nurse who performs a careful safety assessment of the home of a frail elderly patient to prevent harm to the patient is acting in accord with which of the following, a principle of bioethics?

Nonmaleficence

A nurse using the principle-based approach to client care seeks to avoid causing harm to clients in all situations. What is this principle known as?

Nonmaleficence

The nurse is caring for a patient who is withdrawing from heavy alcohol use and who is consequently combative and confused, despite the administration of benzodiazepines. The patient has a fractured hip that he suffered in a traumatic accident and is trying to get out of bed. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

Obtain a physician's order to restrain the patient.

A male client age 56 years is experiencing withdrawal from alcohol and is placing himself at risk for falls by repeatedly attempting to scale his bedrails. Benzodiazepines have failed to alleviate his agitation and the nurse is considering obtaining an order for physical restraints to ensure his safety. The nurse should recognize that this measure may constitute what?

Paternalism

A client is suing a nurse for malpractice. What is the term for the person bringing suit?

Plaintiff

A baccalaureate-prepared nurse is applying for a nurse practitioner position. The nurse is:

Practicing beyond his scope according to licensure

A nurse has taken a telephone order from a physician for an emergency medication. The dose of the medication is abnormally high. What should the nurse do next?

Question the order for the medication

A terminally ill patient you are caring for is complaining of pain. The physician has ordered a large dose of intravenous opioids by continuous infusion. You know that one of the adverse effects of this medicine is respiratory depression. When you assess your patient's respiratory status, you find that the rate has decreased from 16 breaths per minute to 10 breaths per minute. What action should you take?

Report the decreased respiratory rate to the physician.

An on-duty nurse discovers that her colleague is pilfering medicines. According to the Nurse Practice Acts, what should the nurse do?

Report the incident to the supervisor

A client with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer has been presented with her treatment options, but wishes to defer any decisions to her uncle, who acts in the role of a family patriarch within the client's culture. By which of the following is the client's right to self-determination best protected?

Respecting the client's desire to have the uncle make choices on her behalf

Your older adult patient has a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and has been achieving only modest relief of her symptoms with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). When creating this patient's plan of care, which nursing diagnosis would most likely be appropriate?

Self-care deficit related to fatigue and joint stiffness

Which of the following accreditations is a legal requirement for a school of nursing to exist?

State Board of Nursing accreditation

The client was diagnosed with diabetes three years ago, but has failed to integrate regular blood glucose monitoring or dietary modifications into his lifestyle. He has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of acute renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy, an event that has prompted the client to reassess his values. Which of the following actions most clearly demonstrates that this client is engaging in the step of prizing within his valuing process?

The client expresses pride that he now has the knowledge and skills to take control of his diabetes management.

The nursing student asks the nurse for an example of a "never event." Which example provided by the nurse best answers the nursing student's question?

The client scheduled for a cholecystectomy has a total abdominal hysterectomy.

A client is admitted with symptoms of psychosis. The nurse hurries to the client's room when she hears the client calling for help. She finds the client lying on the ground. The nurse assists the client back to the bed and performs a thorough assessment. The nurse informs the physician and completes the incident report. Which of the following statements should the nurse document in the incident report?

The client was found lying on the floor.

The children of a female client 78 years of age with a recent diagnosis of early-stage Alzheimer's disease are attempting to convince their mother to move into an assisted living facility, a move to which the client is vehemently opposed. Both the client and her children have expressed to the nurse how they are entrenched in their position. Which of the following statements expresses a utilitarian approach to this dilemma?

The decision should be made in light of consequences.

Which of the following aspects of nursing would be most likely defined by legislation at a state level?

The differences in the scope of practice between registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs).

A nurse is concerned about the practice of routinely ordering a battery of laboratory tests for clients who are admitted to the hospital from a long-term care facility. An appropriate source in handling this ethical dilemma would be which of the following?

The institutional ethics committee

A nurse is providing client care in a hospital setting. Who has full legal responsibility and accountability for the nurse's actions?

The nurse

A client who has undergone resection of the intestine is on a liquid diet with a nasogastric tube in place. He refuses the food tray with regular food that comes to his room and insists that a physician be called. The nurse insists that it is the right food and makes the client take it. The client develops complications and has to be re-operated upon. How is negligence determined in this situation?

The nurse did not realize the importance of the tube.

A home care nurse is caring for a quadriplegic client who needs regular position changes and back massages. A gentleman identifying himself as a family friend inquires if he can be of any help to the family. What should be the nurse's response be?

The nurse should ask the gentleman to talk to the family directly.

A group of nurse researchers has proposed a study to examine the efficacy of a new wound care product. Which of the following aspects of the methodology demonstrates that the nurses are attempting to maintain the ethical principle of nonmaleficence?

The nurses are taking every reasonable measure to ensure that no participants experience impaired wound healing as a result of the study intervention.

During discussion with the patient and the patient's husband, you discover that the patient has a living will. How does the presence of a living will influence the patient's care?

The patient may nullify the living will during her hospitalization if she chooses to do so.

You are the nurse who is caring for a patient with a newly diagnosed allergy to peanuts. Which of the following is an immediate goal that is most relevant to a nursing diagnosis of deficient knowledge related to appropriate use of an EpiPen?

The patient will demonstrate correct injection technique with today's teaching session.

An elderly patient is admitted to your unit with a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. During admission the patient states, I have a living will. What implication of this should the nurse recognize?

This document specifies the patient's wishes before hospitalization.

A nurse in a physician's office has noted on several occasions that one of the physicians frequently obtains controlled-drug prescription forms for prescription writing. The physician reports that his wife has chronic back pain and requires pain medication. One day the nurse enters the physician's office and sees him take a pill out of a bottle. The doctor mentions that he suffers from migraines and that his wife's pain medication alleviates the pain. What type of nurse-physician ethical situation is illustrated in this scenario?

Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal physician practice

A middle-aged man is having increasing difficulty breathing. He never exercises, eats fast food regularly, and smokes two packs of cigarettes a day. He tells the nurse practitioner that he wants to change the way he lives. What is one means of helping him change behaviors?

Values clarification

A patient with migraines does not know whether she is receiving a placebo for pain management or the new drug that is undergoing clinical trials. Upon discussing the patient's distress, it becomes evident to the nurse that the patient did not fully understand the informed consent document that she signed. Which ethical principle is most likely involved in this situation?

Veracity

You have just taken report for your shift and you are doing your initial assessment of your patients. One of your patients asks you if an error has been made in her medication. You know that an incident report was filed yesterday after a nurse inadvertently missed a scheduled dose of the patient's antibiotic. Which of the following principles would apply if you give an accurate response?

Veracity

Which of the following best describes voluntary standards?

Voluntary standards are guidelines for peer review, guided by the public's expectation of nursing.

The nurse reports a nursing colleague on the unit who is lethargic and verbally responding in a slow manner. What is this an example of?

Whistle-blowing