Project Management Chapter 5

b. WBS

A ______ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope. a. scope statement b. WBS c. WBS dictionary d. work package

c. 2

Assume that you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

Using highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems

Joint Application Design (JAD)

c. WBS

Project management software helps you develop a ______, which serves as a basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs. a. project plan b. schedule c. WBS d. deliverable

b. validation

Scope ______ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables. a. acceptance b. validation c. completion d. close-out

A document that includes detailed information about each WBS item

WBS dictionary

d. mind mapping

What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format? a. top-down b. bottom-up c. analogy d. mind mapping

d. Don't involve too many users in scope management.

Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on IT projects? a. Keep the scope realistic. b. Use off-the-shelf hardware and software whenever possible. c. Follow good project management processes. d. Don't involve too many users in scope management.

d. Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis.

Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input? a. Develop a good project selection process for IT projects. b. Have users on the project team. c. Co-locate users with developers. d. Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis.

a. interviews

Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? a. interviews b. focus groups c. surveys d. observation

c. The scope was too much to handle.

Why did McDonald's terminate a large project after spending $170 million on it? a. The company found a better technology. b. The company decided to outsource the work. c. The scope was too much to handle. d. The government requirement that prompted the project was repealed.

c. Scope

______ refer(s) to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them. a. Deliverables b. Milestones c. Scope d. Product development

Creating a WBS by using a similar project's WBS as a starting point

analogy approach

Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization

benchmarking

Creating a WBS by having team members identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then grouping them into higher-level categories

bottom-up approach

Subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces

decomposition

A product, such as a report or segment of software code, produced as part of a project

deliverable

The processes involved in defining and controlling what work is or is not included in a project

project scope management

A document that includes at least a description of the project, including its overall objectives and justification, detailed descriptions of all project deliverables, and the characteristics and requirements of products and services produced as part of the project

project scope statement

Developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of it to help define user requirements

prototyping

A condition or capability that must be met by the project or that must be present in the product, service, or result to satisfy an agreement or other formally imposed specification

requirement

A plan that describes how project requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed

requirements management plan

A table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed

requirements traceability matrix (RTM)

All the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them

scope

The approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary

scope baseline

The tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger

scope creep

Formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables

scope validation

Creating a WBS by starting with the largest items of the project and breaking them into subordinate items

top-down approach

A process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them

use case modeling

The difference between planned and actual performance

variance

A deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope

work breakdown structure (WBS)

A task at the lowest level of the WBS

work package