Project ManagementQuiz 9 (CH8)

3.4

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities. Answers: a. 34 b. 1.34 c. 13.4 d. 3.4

False

A run chart is a bar graph that depicts data points and their order of occurrence. Answers: True False

True

Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects. Answers: True False

True

The Six Sigma approach works best for a project where a quality problem is identified between the current and desired performance. Answers: True False

False

The design of experiments technique cannot be applied to project management issues such as cost and schedule trade-offs. Answers: True False

planning quality management

The main outputs of which process are a quality management plan, quality metrics, project management plan updates, and project documents updates? Answers: a. controlling quality b. quality certification c. performing quality assurance d. planning quality management.

True

Change requests and verified deliverables are the outputs of the controlling quality process. Answer: True False

True

Customer requirements are an important aspect of the quality planning process. Answers: True False

False

DeMarco and Lister's study on organizations and productivity found direct correlations between productivity and programming language, years of experience, and salary. Answers: True False

False

Frameworks for helping organizations improve their processes and systems are called Six Sigma charts. Answers: True False

True

In TQC, product quality is more important than production rates, and workers are allowed to stop production whenever a quality problem occurs. Answers: True False

False

Only in-house auditors can perform quality audits. Answers: True False

managing

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of which project quality management stage? Answers: a. closing b. managing c. initiating d. benchmarking

True

Products that are accepted by project stakeholders are considered to be validated deliverables. Answers: True False

False

Testing as a stage is important only at the end of an information technology product development. Answers: True False

False

The term sigma means median. Answers: True False

rework

Which process is an action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations? Answers: a. process adjustment b. acceptance decision c. validation d. rework

quality control

Which process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling? Answers: a. quality certification b. quality control c. quality assurance d. quality planning

features

What are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users? Answers: a. outputs b. yields c. metrics d. features

appraisal cost

What cost is the price of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range? Answers: a. prevention cost b. appraisal cost c. internal failure cost d. external failure cost

metric

Which term is used for a standard of measurement in quality management? Answers: a. milestone b. metric c. merge d. matrix

CMMI

Which process helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes? Answers: a. CMMI b. MTBI c. OPM3 d. SQFD

statistical sampling

Which process involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection? Answers: a. conformanc b. system testing c. statistical sampling d. fitness for use

external failure cost

Which term is used for a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer? Answers: a. appraisal cost b. external failure cost c. prevention cost d. internal failure cost

user acceptance

Which testing involves an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system? Answers: a. system b. unit c. user acceptance d. integration

Crosby

Who wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects? Answers: a. Crosby b. Ishikawa c. Juran d. Deming

False

Integration testing involves testing of each individual component to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible. Answers: True False

True

Managing quality includes all of the quality assurance activities plus product design and process improvements. Answers: True False

True

Using Six Sigma principles is an organization-wide commitment and all employees must embrace its principles. Answers: True False

controlling

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the ____ subprocess of project quality management. Answers: a. closing b. initiating c. executing d. controlling

benchmarking

What process is used to generate ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization? Answers: a. mind mapping b. benchmarking c. systems thinking d. prototyping

normal distributions

What term is used for a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed)? Answers: a. bimodal distribution b. degenerate distribution c. normal distributiond. skewe d distribution

defect

What term is used for any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements? Answers: a. yield b. variance c. defect d. deliverable

reliability

What term is used for the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions? Answers: a. performance b. functionality c. reliability d. maintainability

performance

Which addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use? Answers: a. functionality b. performance c. reliability d. maintainability

ISO 9000

Which system involves a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization? Answers: a. Seven run rule b. Six Sigma c. ISO 9000 d. ASQ

design of experiments

Which technique helps identify variables that have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process? Answers: a. crashing b. activity-on-arrow c. backward pass d. design of experiments

False

Reliability is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under unusual conditions. Answers: True False

maintainability

Which addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product? Answers: a. functionality b. reliability c. performance d. maintainability

analyze

During which phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram used? Answers: a. analyze b. measure c. define d. improve

False

Gantt charts cannot be used to aid project quality management. Answers: True False

Pareto

Which chart helps users identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system? Answers: a. control b. Gantt c. Pareto d. tracking Gantt

DMAIC

Which five-phase improvement process do projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow? Answers: a. use case modeling b. DMAIC c. weighted scoring model d. configuration management

control chart

Which graphic display of data illustrates the results of a process over time? Answers: a. statistical sampling chart b. control chart c. Pareto chart d. Six Sigma chart

define

Which phase of the DMAIC process includes tools such as a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data? Answers: a. measure b. analyze c. improve d. define

process adjustments

Which process correct(s) or prevent(s) quality problems based on quality control measurements? Answers: a. process adjustments b. decomposition c. rework d. acceptance decisions

Eliminate the annual rating or merit system.

Which statement is one of Deming's 14 Points for Management? Answers: a. An organization should increase dependence on inspection to achieve quality. b. Award business based on price tag alone rather than on other considerations. c. Minimize total cost by working with multiple suppliers rather than a single supplier. d. Eliminate the annual rating or merit system.

An organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement.

Which statement is one of Juran's ten steps to quality improvement? Answers: a. An organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement. b. An organization should entrust improvement to individual employees rather than appointing teams or facilitators. c. An organization should avoid "keeping score" in order to achieve an overall atmosphere of quality improvement. d. An organization should minimize top management involvement in the achievement of individual employee goals.

fitness for use

Which term is used for the ability of a product to be used as it was intended? Answers: a. critical chain scheduling b. fitness for use c. free slack d. conformance to requirements

functionality

Which term is used for the degree to which a system performs its intended function? Answers: a. validity b. functionality c. maintainability d. reliability

conformance to requirements

Which term is used when the project's processes and products meet written specifications? Answers: a. project feasibility b. benchmarking c. fitness for use d. conformance to requirements.

unit

Which test is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible? Answers: a. unit b. integration c. system d. user acceptance

a. six 9s of quality rule

Which is a measure of quality control equal to one fault in one million opportunities problems? Answers: a. six 9s of quality rule b. seven run rule c. ISO 9000 d. Six Sigma rule