Prostate

You are performing a prostate ultrasound in a patient having an infertility work-up. Which cyst may be associated with infertility? a. mullein duct cysts b. prostatic utricle cysts c. retention cysts d. ejaculatory duct cysts e. seminal vesicle cysts

d. ejaculatory duct cysts

You are performing a transrectal prostate ultrasound in a sagittal plane. The most lateral images of the gland show which tissue? a. transition zone b. central zone c. periurethral zone d. peripheral zone e. fibromuscular stroma

d. peripheral zone

You are performing a prostate sonogram to evaluate a patient with known prostate cancer. Which anatomic zone is most likely involved with the cancer? a. peripheral zone b. central zone c. transition zone d. periurethral glandular area e. prostate cancer occurs equally between the peripheral zone and the central zone

a. peripheral zone peripheral zone - 70% transition zone - 20 % central zone - 10%

What lab test is most helpful in screening patients for prostate cancer? a. prostate specific antigen b. serum alpha-fetoprotein c. serum bilirubin d. prostate cancer detection factor e. prostate temperature

a. prostate specific antigen

You are performing a transrectal ultrasound in a patient with acute prostatitis. An anechoic mass is seen within the prostate. This most likely represents: a. prostate utricle cyst b. abscess c. hematoma d. lymphocele e. seroma

b. abscess

A referring physician has asked if your department uses color Doppler during transrectal prostate sonography. What is the role of color Doppler in this procedure? a. Color Doppler has not been show to be helpful during prostate sonography b. Color Doppler allows improved perception of pathologic vessels associated with cancer c. increased color Doppler signals are diagnostic of chronic prostatitis d. absence of flow with color Doppler is indicative of benign prostatic hypertrophy e. increased color Doppler signals in the seminal vesicles indicated the presence of seminal vesicle cysts

b. color doppler allows improved perception of pathologic vessels associated with cancer

Which of the following describes the most common appearance of the seminal vesicles by transrectal prostate sonography? a. hyperechoic, symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures b. hypoechoic, symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures c. hyperechoic, asymmetrical, smooth structures d. hyperechoic, asymmetrical, irregular shaped structures e. hypoechoic, asymmetrical, smooth structures

b. hypoechoic symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures

The prostaticovesical arteries that supply the prostate are branches from which artery? a. abdominal aorta b. internal iliac c. external iliac d. inferior mesenteric e. superior mesenteric

b. internal iliac

Which of the following describes the most common patient positioning for performance of a transrectal prostate ultrasound? a. supine b. left lateral decubitus c. right oblique d. supine in a reversed Trendelenburg position e. standing

b. left lateral decubitus

Which of the following describes the most widely used conventional display of the prostate transrectal sonography? a. the anterior abdominal wall is shown at the bottom of the screen b. the rectum is shown at the bottom of the screen c. the rectum is shown to the right of the screen in a sagittal view d. the left side of the patient is shown on the left side of the image in a transverse plane e. the head of the patient is on the right side of the image in a sagittal plane

b. the rectum is shown at the bottom of the screen

A patient has been referred for transrectal sonography due to symptoms of prostatism. What are the most common patient symptoms of prostatism? a. nausea, painful urination, pressure sensation on urinary bladder b. weight loss, nocturia, hematuria, and small stream c. difficult initiation of voiding, nocturia, and small stream d. hematuria, pyuria, and nocturia e. swelling, lethargy, dysuria, and nocturia

c. difficult initiation of voiding, nocturia, and small stream

You have been requested to perform a transrectal ultrasound of the prostate in a patient with suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). What is the ultrasound appearance of this condition? a. small, shrunken prostate gland with numerous calcifications b. small prostate gland with increased vascularity and hypoechoic nodules c. enlarged prostate gland which may be diffuse or focal d. enlargement of the peripheral zone with sparing of the inner gland e. all of the above appearances are commonly encountered with BPH

c. enlarged prostate gland which may be diffuse or focal

You have been asked to identify the seminal vesicles. What is their anatomic relationship to the prostate gland? a. poster and inferior b. anterior and inferior c. anterior and superior d. posterior and superior e. medial

c. posterior and superior

You are imaging a patient with suspected benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Which zone is most commonly involved? a. peripheral zone b. central zone c. transition zone d. BPH occurs with equal frequency in all zones e. BPH occurs with equal frequency in the central and transition zone

c. transition zone

Which anatomic classification is most commonly used to describe the prostate during sonographic evaluation? a. lobar anatomy b. microscopic anatomy c. zonal anatomy d. topographic anatomy e. all of the above are used routinely in ultrasound

c. zonal anatomy

You have been asked to perform a transrectal ultrasound of the prostate in a patient with metastasis of unknown origin. What are you looking for? a. benign prostatic hypertrophy b. ejaculatory duct cyst c. prostatic abscess d. prostate cancer e. prostatitis

d. prostate cancer

Which structure would you image posterior to the prostate gland? a. urinary bladder b. pubic bones c. levator ani muscles d. rectum e. urethra

d. rectum

You have been asked to perform a transrectal prostate ultrasound exam. What frequency transducer is best suited for this study? a. 2-3 MHz b. 3-4 MHz c. 4-5 MHz d. 5-6 MHz e. 7-8 MHz

e. 7-8 MHz

You are aiding a physician in a transrectal biopsy of the prostate. What patient preparation is required? a. no patient preparation is required for a transrectal biopsy b. a cleansing enema is performed immediately prior to the procedure c. antibiotics are administered prior to and following the examination d. the patient is requested to have nothing to eat or drink 12 hours prior to the procedure e. B and C only

e. B and C only - a cleansing enema is performed immediately prior to the procedure - antibiotics are administered prior to and following the examination

Which of the following is an indication for transrectal ultrasound of the prostate? a. abnormal digital rectal exam b. abnormal laboratory test results indicative of prostate cancer c. guidance for directed sonographic biopsy d. monitor response to treatment of prostate cancer e. all of the above

e. all of the above

What is the sonographic appearance of prostate cancer? a. hypoechoic lesions b. isoechoic lesions c. hyperechoic lesions d. only a and b e. all of the above appearances have been encountered

e. all of the above appearance have been encountered