Prostate Cancer (Prep U)

Lately, a 75-year-old man is having difficulty emptying his bladder. He is unable to empty it completely and yet it feels full, causing discomfort. The physician suspects prostate cancer. Which question(s) would you expect the physician to ask the client? Select all that apply. "Do you pass blood in your urine?" "Do you feel thirsty often?" "Do you have a burning sensation during urination?" "Do you leak urine involuntarily?" "Do you have a family history of prostate cancer?"

"Do you pass blood in your urine?" "Do you have a burning sensation during urination?" "Do you have a family history of prostate cancer?" The symptoms of prostate cancer include a slow urinary stream; hematuria, which is passing blood with urine; urinary hesitancy; incomplete bladder emptying; and dysuria (painful urination). A family history of prostate cancer would increase the client's risk of developing it himself. Urine leakage is a symptom of cervical cancer. Thirst is not related to prostate cancer.

A 50-year-old is diagnosed with stage II prostate cancer. The client is upset and verbalizes that he would rather die than have any surgery. Which is the best response by the nurse?

"What concerns you most about having surgery?" Being sympathetic and encouraging the client to express his concerns is a therapeutic response. This client may have concerns about the complications associated with the surgery and/or need additional information on newest techniques that improve outcomes. Explaining that the surgeon is competent does not address the concerns of this client. Family feelings are secondary to the concerns or the client. A cure of cancer is never a guarantee with any surgery.

Which component of client teaching helps the nurse assist a client following treatment for cancer of the prostate gland to manage and minimize the possibility of a recurrence of the primary cancer or metastasis?

Have regular prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels tested and repeat lymph node biopsies. Regular monitoring of PSA levels after treatment aids in the early detection of cancer recurrence or metastasis. Repeat lymph node biopsies may be part of the surgical follow-up. Cancer cells spread through the lymphatic system. Exercise routines and avoiding sexual intercourse are not known to have any role in recurrence of the primary cancer or metastasis.

Consuming a diet high in which of the following has been found to increase the risk for prostate cancer?

Red meats Data suggest that men who consume a diet containing excessive amounts of red meat or dairy products that are high in fat are at increased risk for prostate cancer.

Which nursing diagnoses may be appropriate for a client with prostate cancer? Select all that apply. Sexual dysfunction Anxiety Readiness for enhanced knowledge Spiritual distress Imbalanced nutrition, more than body requirements

Sexual dysfunction Anxiety Readiness for enhanced knowledge Urinary retention, fear, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, pain, and readiness for enhanced knowledge are all nursing diagnoses that could be used for a client with prostate cancer. Some clients may experience spiritual distress; however, spiritual distress is not present in all clients with prostate cancer. Clients with prostate cancer may experience nutritional imbalance with less-than-body requirements.

The nurse recognizes what conditions cause elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in the absence of prostate cancer. Select all that apply. transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) acute urinary retention benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) acute prostatitis erectile dysfunction

acute urinary retention acute prostatitis benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) Acute urinary retention, acute prostatitis, BPH, and recent TURP can cause elevated PSA levels in the absence of prostate cancer.

A client without symptoms receives a diagnosis of prostate cancer after a routine physical. What factors contributed to this diagnosis? Select all that apply. use of sunscreen risk factors client history tumor markers

client history risk factors tumor markers The health care provider, using information obtained during the history and physical examination, selects tests that help to establish a diagnosis. Specific cancers alter the chemical composition of blood and other body fluids. Specialized tests have been developed for specific proteins, antigens, hormones, genes, or enzymes that cancer cells release. The use of sunscreen would be part of a skin cancer diagnosis.

A client asks the nurse what PSA is. The nurse should reply that it stands for:

prostate-specific antigen, which is used to screen for prostate cancer.

A nurse is caring for a 33-year-old male client who has come to the clinic for a physical examination. The client states not having a routine physical in 5 years. The health care provider's digital rectal examination (DRE) reveals "stony" hardening in the posterior lobe of the prostate gland that is not mobile. The nurse recognizes that the observation typically indicates what?

Evidence of a more advanced lesion Routine repeated DRE (preferably by the same examiner) is important, because early cancer may be detected as a nodule within the gland or as an extensive hardening in the posterior lobe. The more advanced lesion is "stony hard" and fixed. This finding is not suggestive of metastatic disease.