PSL 250 Nervous System (CNS) Exam 2 Spranger MSU hji
How many hierarchies of cortical processing is there, and how many are there in each of the lobes?
3 and 3
What is the purpose/function of CSF in these areas?
Acts as an internal and external hydrostatic skeleton; shock-absorbing cushion; protects the brain from trauma
What is found in white matter?
Ascending (sensing) and descending (motor) nerve tracts
______ is conscious learned control of innate things
Behavior
What part of the brain is impaired if someone has dyslexia?
Broca's area; inferior frontal gyrus (articulation/word analysis)
What 4 things does the hindbrain contain?
Cerebellum, pons, medulla, and reticular formation
What 3 kinds of fibers are found in the cerebral medulla? (List them in order from superior to posterior)
Commissural fibers, association fibers, and projection fibers
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
Compares what we want to do with what is actually being done; coordinates, plans and executes skeletal muscle activity; maintains posture and balance; controls eye movement
What does the Broca's area function as in the brain?
Controls speech muscles via the motor cortex
What is the function of the amygdala?
Emotion (think of "Amy"gdala, Amy=girl, emotional)
What are the 3 types of receptors found in the CNS?
Exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors
T/F: the L side of the brain has left side motor skills, while the R side of the brain has right side motor skills
F, L side has R side motor skills and R side has L motor skills
T/F: the L side of the brain has intuitive thought while the R side of the brain has analytical thought
F, L side is analytical
T/F: The midbrain has only auditory control
F, also visual reflex control
Frontal and occipital go from 1 to 2 to 3, T or F?
F, from 3 to 2 to 1.
T/F: We have a lot of cortical control over our emotions
F, limited cortical control
T/F: The cerebrum is split up into 2 parts that make up approximately 90% of the brain
F, only 80%
T/F: working memory holds information for a few minutes, it is temporary
F, only for a few seconds
There is a "reward" area in the limbic system that helps with motivation, T/F?
F, there is also a "punishment" area
What 4 lobes of the brain makes up the cerebral cortex?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
What two things are found in the spinal cord?
Gray and white matter
What does the cerebral cortex contain?
Gray matter which has neurons and glial cells
What does the Wernicke's area function as in the brain?
Interprets the auditory code
_____ is the acquisition of knowledge or skills as a consequence of experiences and/or instruction
Language
Which regions in the brain work on memory and language?
Limbic system, cerebrum, cerebellum
What is the pineal gland responsible for?
Maintaining the bodies biological clock
_____ is the retention, storage, and ability to recall information
Memory
What is the function of the hippocampus?
Memory (think of hippo being huge, and we have a lot of memories)
What does the temporal lobe control?
Memory, hearing, emotions, language
What 3 things make up the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
What does the frontal lobe control?
Movement, decisions, personality, moral judgement, self-awareness, and language
What does the basal nuclei in the brain control?
Movement, muscle tone, and posture
What is found in gray matter?
Neurons and glial cells
What two things must happen to control our working memory?
Our ability to control our attention, and our mental effort
If a person has a problem with their basal nuclei, what disease may take place?
Parkinson's disease (shaking)
What is Wernicke's aphasia?
Problems with semantics
What is Broca's aphasia?
Problems with syntax
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Regulates body function, homeostatic control and integration center
What are the functions of the medulla?
Relay station between the spinal cord and brain; controls reflex activities (coughing, gagging, swallowing, vomiting)
What are the functions of the pons?
Relays info between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex; relays info from the medulla to higher cortical regions; involved in breathing, sleeping, and several sense
What does the medulla contain?
Respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor control centers
What is the limbic system?
Ring of forebrain structures involved in basic survival instincts, motivation, emotions, learning and memory
What is the function of the thalamus?
Sensory gateway
What does the parietal lobe control?
Somatosensation; pain, temperature, touch, and proprioception
What does the basal nuclei in the brain contain?
Subcortical collections of gray matter; aka basal ganglia
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is located in the subarachnoid space of the brain, T/F?
T
Parietal and temporal go from 1 to 2 to 3, T or F?
T
Regarding motivation, homeostatic drives satisfy bodily needs (thirst, hunger), T/F?
T
T/F: L side of the brain is good at math/sciences while the R side of the brain is more creative with arts/writing
T
T/F: Melatonin is found in the pineal gland
T
T/F: Melatonin secretion is influenced by light and dark
T
T/F: The cerebellum is to the right of the brainstem (if looking at the brain from the side)
T
T/F: The cerebral cortex can modify, reinforce, or repress our basic survival instincts (fleeing, mating, hunting)
T
T/F: The cerebral cortex is important for conscious awareness of feelings
T
T/F: The corpus callosum lies between the cerebrum and diencephalon
T
T/F: The midbrain as a superior and inferior colliculus
T
T/F: The pineal gland effects the circadian rhythms such as sleep, appetite, and mood
T
T/F: Working memory holds and manipulates information
T
T/F: on an EEG, if a patient is brain dead, the line will be completely flat
T
T/F: the CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord
T
T/F: the L side of the brain is verbal and R is nonverbal
T
T/F: the R side of the brain has left field vision, while the L side of the brain has right field vision
T
T/F: the left side of the brain has rational thought while the right side of the brain has emotional thought
T
T/F: the spinal cord is the reflex center for all spinal reflexes
T
T/F: working memory can hold only 5-7 items at a time, has a small capacity
T
What makes up the "forebrain"?
The cerebrum and diencephalon
What does the angular gyrus function as in the brain?
Transforms visual representations into auditory codes
What other two areas in the brain has CSF?
Ventricles (2 lateral, a third and a fourth), and the central canal of the spinal cord
What does the occipital lobe control?
Vision
What does the visual cortex in the brain do?
We receive written words as visual stimulation
What does the motor cortex function as in the brain?
Where our words are pronounced
What does the cerebral medulla contain?
White matter; myelinated axons and bundles of nerve fibers