PSU Bio 110 Exam 4 Clicker Questions

The gene that codes for the ABO blood group in humans has three alleles. In a population of 1000 people, the frequency of the IA allele is .3, and the frequency of individuals in the population with type O blood is 0.36. What is the frequency of the IB allele in this population? a. 0.1 b. 0.44 c. 0.6 d. 0.9

0.1

In humans, a cleft or dimple in the chin is inherited as an autosomal complete dominant trait. In Smallville, USA, 81% of the people have a smooth chin. What is the frequency of the cleft chin allele in that population? a. 10% b. 18% c. 19% d. 90%

10%

Diploid nuclei of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa contain 14 chromosomes. A single diploid cell in an ascus will undergo one round of meiosis, followed in each of the daughter cells by one round of mitosis, producing a total of eight ascospores. If a single, diploid G2 nucleus in an ascus contains 400 nanograms (ng) of DNA, then a single ascospore nucleus of this species should contain how much DNA (ng), carried on how many chromosomes? A. 100, 7 B. 100, 14 C. 200, 7 D. 200, 14 E. 400, 14

100, 7

The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are a. composed of hyphae b. reffered to as mycelium c. usually underground D. A and B E. A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Fruits have contributed to the success of angiosperms by: a. Nourishing the plants that make them. b. Facilitating the dispersal of seeds. c. Attracting insects to the pollen inside. d. Producing sperm and egg inside a protective coat. e. Producing triploid cells via double fertilization.

Facilitating the dispersal of seeds.

Which of the following types of plants would not be able to self-pollinate? a. dioecious b. monoecious c. those with perfect flowers d. wind-pollinated e. insect-pollinated

dioecious

All of the following are characteristics of angiosperms EXCEPT: a. Co-evolution with animal pollinators. b. Internal double fertilization c. Free-living gametophytes d. Fruit

free-living gametophytes

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1, the term p refers to the: a. frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in the population. b. frequency of the most common allele in the population. c. allele frequency of one allele in the population. d. frequency of heterozygotes in the population.

frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in the population

On the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, many species of corals (marine animals) reproduce at the same time in October, about five days after the full moon. This produces a slick of sperm and eggs on the surface of the water. Yet, in spite of the number of species involved, sperm from a particular species will only fertilize eggs produced by the same species. This is an example of: a. habitat isolation b. mechanical isolation c. gametic isolation d. post zygotic isolation

gametic isolation

in seed plants, the ________ generation is more reduced than in seedless plants a. sporophyte b. diploid c. gametophyte d. zygote

gametophyte

Find the mistake in the following statement: "Ginkgo trees are dioecious, with catkin-like flowers on the male trees and pistillate flowers on the female trees. This species may not flower until it is 20 years old." a. dioecious plants produce male and female flowers on the same plant b. gingkos do not produce flowers c. gingkos are not trees d. gingkos are monoecious, not dioecious

gingkos do not produce flowers

Which process occurs in fungi and has the opposite effect on a cell's chromosome number than does meiosis I? a. mitosis b. plasmogamy c. crossing-over d. binary fission e. karyogamy

karyogamy

In a life cycle that shows alternation of generations, the sporophyte produces haploid spores through ______________, while the gametophyte produces ___________ gametes through mitosis. a. mitosis/diploid b. meiosis/diploid c. mitosis/haploid d. meiosis/haploid

meiosis/haploid

Which of these evolutionary forces can introduce new alleles into a population? a. genetic drift b. mutation c. non-random mating d. gene flow e. both b and d can be a source of new alleles

mutation

Endophytic fungi (fungi that live within plant tissue) are very common. Almost all plants studied have them. Some grasses have endophytic fungi that modify plant-herbivore interactions. What type of symbiotic interaction exists between plants and herbivores? A. mutualism B. commensalism C. predation D. parasitism

mutualism

What are mycorrhizae? a. the fruiting bodies of zygomycetes b. mutualistic associations between plant roots and fungi. c. the horizontal fungal hyphae that spread out underground during asexual reproduction d. sexual structures formed by chytrids

mutualistic associations between plant roots and fungi

These endophytic fungi are most likely to modify plant herbivore interactions by: A. killing the plants, reducing the available food for the herbivores. B. producing mycotoxins that deter the herbivores from eating the plants. C. competing with mycorhizzae, reducing plant growth D. interfering with plant reproduction reducing plant population size

producing mycotoxins that deter the herbivores from eating the plants

which type of lethal heritable allele is most likely to persist in a population? a. recessive b. co-dominant c. dominant d. incompletely dominant

recessive

in a particular bird species, individuals with average sized wings survive frequent severe storms more successfully than other birds in the same population with longer or shorter wings. This illustrates a. stabilizing selection b. diversifying selection c. directional selection d. sexual selection

stabilizing selection

which of these is the best indicator of biological fitness in a bird? a. the number of eggs that are laid b. the number of eggs that hatch c. the number of young that leave the nest d. all of these are equal indicators

the number of young that leave the nest

Evolution is best described as: a. the progression of life on earth, from simple to advanced forms b. sexual production c. the generation of genetic variation through meiosis and random fertilization d. a change in the genetic structure of a population

the progression of life on earth, from simple to advanced forms

Within the Kingdom Plantae, which of these characters was first seen in the seedless vascular plants? a. the alternation of generations b. the absence of a sporophyte stage c. the sporophyte is the prominent (dominant) stage d. the gametophyte is the prominent (dominant) stage

the sporophyte is the prominent (dominant) stage

female gypsy moths do not fly. the males find them by following chemical signals that the females emit. This is an example of ___________ isolating mechanism. a. an ecological b. a temporal c. a behavioral d. a mechanical

behavioral

The gene that codes for the ABO blood group in humans has three alleles. An individual who has Type A blood could be represented by which of the following? a. p^2 b. 2 pr c. r^2 d. 2 pq e. both A and B are possible

both a and b are possible

Which of the following is the result of double fertilization? a. two diploid zygotes b. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm c. a diploid zygote and a haploid endosperm d. two haploid zygotes

A diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

which of the following is a defining character for a nonvascular plant? a. it is the only group that shows an alternation of generations b. there is no sporophyte stage c. the sporophyte is the prominent (dominant) stage. d. the gametophyte is the prominent (dominant) stage.

The gametophyte is the prominent (dominant) stage.

Does having mycorrhizae benefit a plant? EXPERIMENT: Researchers grew soybean plants in soil treat with fungicide to prevent the formation of mycorrhizae in the experimental group. A control group was exposed to fungi that formed mycorrhizae in the soybean plants' roots. If your hypothesis is that mycorrhizae benefit the plant, what would you predict to see in the experimental group compared to the control group? A. the group treated with fungicide will show more growth than the control group B. the group treated with fungicide will show less growth than the control group. C. there will be no difference in growth between the two groups D. Plants cannot survive without mycorrhizae

The group treated with fungicide will show less growth than the control group.

of the unifying features of plants, which is found only in plants and is not present in their green algal relatives? a. the presence of chlorophyll b in their chloroplasts b. cell walls made of cellulose c. storage of energy as starch d. the protection of gametes and zygotes by parent issue

The protection of gametes and zygotes by parent tissue.

Which of these examples would be classified as a postzygotic isolating mechanism? a. Two species of crickets mating at different times of the year, summer versus fall. b. Two species of toads breeding in different habitats, a pond versus a stream. c. Two species of plants producing hybrid offspring that have reduced fertility. d. Two species of fruit flies with males that have genitals of very different size and shape.

Two species of plants producing hybrid offspring that have reduced fertility.

A small population of flies that has an even distribution of black-bodied and tan-bodied flies suffers a drought in which almost the entire population dies. As the population is recovering, the next generation has twice as many black-bodied flies as tan-bodied flies. What most likely occurred within the population? a. adaptation b. natural selection c. a bottleneck effect d. inbreeding

a bottleneck effect

during alternation of generations, a plant alternates between.. a. gametophyte and sporophyte b. diploid and haploid c. gamete-producer and spore- producer d. all of the above

all of the above

Two types of squirrels live on opposite rims of the Grand Canyon. They are closely related but do have genetic differences. If the original population was separated into two as the canyon was cut, this could be an example of : a. behavioral isolation b. allopatric speciation c. temporal isolation d. sympatric speciation

allopatric speciation

alternation of generations refer to life cycles that: a. do not include meiosis b. have both multicellular haploid and diploid stages c. include haploid and diploid gametes d. are mainly asexual but can switch to sexual reproduction

are mainly sexual but can switch to sexual reproduction

Fungi can be all of the things below EXCEPT a. Predators b. Decomposers c. Symbionts d. Absorptive heterotrophs e. autotrophs

autotrophs

A new disease arises in humans who live in the rain forest. Which of the following might be a first attempt at determining whether or not the disease is caused by a fungus? a. treat the affected people with a chemical that interferes with cellulose synthesis b. treat affected people with a chemical that prevents the apical complex from piercing a host cell. c. treat affected people with a chemical that interferes with chitin synthesis d. quarantine the area until the affected people die or get well

treat affected people with a chemical that interferes with chitin synthesis

under diversifying (or disruptive) selection a. the mean value of the phenotype increases or decreases. b. the distribution of phenotypes around the mean becomes more narrow. c. two distinct phenotypes in the population are favored and intermediate phenotypes are selected against. d. the distribution of phenotypes around the mean becomes much broader

two distinct phenotypes in the population are favored and intermediate phenotypes are selected against

which of these characteristics is found in all land plants? a. seeds b. flowers c. vascular tissue d. jacketed gametangia

vascular tissue