PSY 210: EXAM 1 quizzes
The __________ is a normal distribution of z scores. A. standard normal distribution B. mean distribution C. raw score distribution D. linear distribution
A
A graph of floral growth as a function of fertilizer portrays the data as flowers. The flowers are examples of: A. Moiré vibrations B. Ducks C. Grids D. Categorial variables
B
An undergraduate stats class in unhappy with the midterm grades. The majority of students scored 45 or below on a 100-point scale, with just several students performing very well. Which type of distribution do the test scores represent? A. Normal B. Positively skewed C. Negatively skewed D. Nominal
B?
Conducting a study of the effects of alcohol, a researcher compares the reaction time of people who had 8 drinks against those how had 6 drinks, 4 drinks, 2 drinks, or 0 drinks. How many experimental groups are there in this design? A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 8
4
A reliable measure: A. Is consistent B. Measures what is was intended to measure C. Predicts actual behavior D. Co-varies with the independent variable
A
An assessment that produces the same results each time it is administered is said to be ______, even though it may not be measuring what we are interested in studying. A. Reliable B. Valid C. Confounded D. Experimental
A
Line graphs are similar to scatterplots in that they display the relation between two _____________ variables, but line graphs can also represent _________ y scores, given each x value. A. scale; predicted B. ordinal; predicted C. nominal; ordinal D. scale; scale
A
Making meaningful comparisons of variables, even when they were measured on different scales, requires converting those variables to a common scale. This process is called: A. standardization B. z distributing C. normalization D. central conversion
A
Measures of central tendency and variability are calculated to describe the nature of charitable giving each year. These figures are computed for the "average" American citizen. In that case, the mean calculated would be taken as: A. a population parameter B. a measure of variability C. a sample statistic D. part of a five-number summary
A
Yicheng noticed that every time he ate cheese or drank milk, he had an upset stomach afterward. He concluded that he was probably lactose intolerant and decided to stop eating dairy to see if he felt better. This is an example of: A. Hypothesis testing B. Reliability C. Operational definitions D. Validity
A
_________ are a form of chartjunk that refers to visual patterns that computers provide as options to fill in the bars. A. Moiré vibrations B. Ducks C. Grids D. Scatterplots
A
____________ refers to the duplication of scientific results. A. replication B. sampling C. random assignment D. generalizability
A
z scores allow comparison of scores from: A. different distributions B. linear distributions C. nonlinear distributions D. standard errors
A
In a pie chart, each slice represents a level on the _______ variable. A. Linear B. Independent C. Scale D. Dependent
B
The cutesy images used to represent data in pictorial graphs could be considered an example of: A. Moiré vibrations B. ducks C. chart-fill D. grids
B
Dr. Abdallah is a psychiatrist and finds that 75% of his patients qualify as having symptoms of sleep disorders, according to the results of a questionnaire. Dr. Abdallah reports that 75% of the population must have the same condition as well. However, this study lacks ___________ due to his biased sample. A. convenience sampling B. expected relative-frequency probabilities C. generalizability D. reliability
B?
A _______ is a bar graph with the x-axis and y-axis representing values (or midpoints of intervals) and frequencies, of a single variable. A. Frequency polygon B. Frequency distribution C. Histogram D. Dot plot
C
A distribution has a mean of 1.47 with a standard deviation of 0.34. A z score of -0.62 converts into a raw score of _______, whereas a z score of 0.62 converts into a raw score of ______. A. -1.26; 1.68 B. -1.81; -1.13 C. 1.26; 1.68 D. 1.81; 1.13
C
A z score of -1.0 represents _________ a z score of -3.0. A. the same score as B. a lower score than C. a higher score than D. a more standard score than
C
The background images or patterns often included in visual displays of data are known as: A. Chart-fill B. Moiré vibrations C. Grids D. Ducks
C
first step of hypothesis testing: A. stating the null and research hypothesis B. determining the characteristics of the comparison distribution C. selected the appropriate test based on the population, comparison distribution, and underlying assumptions D. determining the critical values for a test
C
Approximately _____% of scores fall between the mean and a z score of -2. A. 32% B. 34% C. 48% D. 50%
C?
A distribution has a mean of 650 with a standard deviation of 60. A z score of 2.04 converts into a raw score of: A. 62.04 B. 122.40 C. 712.04 D. 722.40
D
A published study on reorientation produced dramatic results when researchers found that college student ignore obvious landmarks while reorienting in a small confined space and performing a verbal task at the same time. However, several other studies, using the same methods at different universities, have not been able to replicate this finding. Is this important? A. No; the exact same location and sample were not used B. No; replication is a form of plagiarism C. Yes; replication is the only way to ensure random sampling D. Yes; it demonstrates that these results are not generalizable
D
Random _____ is a process that ensures that every participant has an equal chance of being in any one of the experimental conditions and is common in scientific research; random _____, on the other hand, is when every member of the population has an equal chance of being a participant and is much less common in experimental studies. A. sampling; assignment B. sampling; error C. assignment; block design D. assignment; sampling
D
The expected relative-frequency probability of events is rarely observed in everyday life because people do not: A. accept info that goes against their expectations B. check their personal probability against reality C. use the appropriate formula of successes divide by trials D. observe things over many, many trials, but rather rely on a few observations
D
The range of variability is problematic because: A. it does not represent the spread of the distribution B. calculations of the range are frequently full of errors C. it is expressed in squared units D. it relies on the most extreme scores, which could be outliers
D
The standard deviation of a distribution of means is called the A. raw score B. interval C. z score D. standard error
D
why is it important to check for violations of assumptions when hypothesis testing? A. it is a step in graphing data, which is required for publishing scientific results B. specific assumptions must be violated before we can make inferences from our study sample to the overall population C. results from data analyses are valid only when assumptions have been violated D. we are making inferences about the population of interest that will be maximally valid if specific requirements are met
D
Which of these is not a reason to use the interquartile range instead of the range? A. the range includes the smallest-to-largest observations and my be unreliable B. the interquartile range can help assess skew better than the range can alone C. the interquartile range is not based on the minimum and maximum scores D. the interquartile range is more likely to account for outliers
D?
College students at 20 campuses around the country were polled to find out how many students own wireless headphones. The number of owners of wireless headphones at one campus represents a(n) _______ statistic. A. Population B. Descriptive C. Inferential D. Sample
B
Dana examined the GRE verbal scores of 10 first-year graduate students in her creative writing class to see the variability. Dana found the variance to be 135. What is the standard deviation? A. 3.674 B. 11.619 C. 13.5 D. 18,225
?
Mitchell is testing a series of new commercials on a sample audience for an advertising company. He wants to see which of 10 commercials receives the highest rating from audiences, and he wants to use a different audience for each commercial. What design should Mitchell use? A. Correlational B. Repeated measures C. Within-groups D. Between-groups
?
A __________ depicts the relation between two scale variables, whereas a _____________ displays values of a scale variable within different categories of a nominal value. A. scatterplot; bar graph B. line graph; scatterplot C. bar graph; pictorial graph D. pictorial graph; pie chart
A
A comparison of the most expensive house in a neighborhood and the least expensive house in a neighborhood would involve computation of which statistic? A. range B. standard deviation C. variance D. central tendency
A
A pictorial graph that shows fire danger levels in Paradise, Cali, across the weeks of the summer might portray the risk each week as a flame, with later flames corresponding to greater risk. However, the size of the flames varies in both height and width, resulting in an exaggerated impression of fire danger levels as the risk increases. This type of pictorial graph misleads readers through the _________ lie. A. inaccurate values B. biased scale C. sneaky sample D. interpolation
A
A pictorial graph that shows fire danger levels in Paradise, California, across the weeks of the summer might portray the risk each week as a flame, with larger flames corresponding to greater risk. Howver, the size of the flames varies in both height and width, resulting in an exaggerated impression of fire danger levels as the risk increases. This type of pictorial graph misleads readers through the _______ lie. A. Inaccurate values B. Biased scale C. Sneaky sample D. Interpolation
A
Children are regularly assessed for their height and weight compared to national data provided by the Centers for Disease Control. Arjan is somewhat short for his age, and his mother notices on his medical chart that it says Height: z = -1.64. What does this tell Arjan's mother about his height? A. 5.05 % of children are shorter than Arjan B. 44.95% of children are shorter than Arjan C. 5.05 % of children are taller than Arjan D. 44.95% of children are taller than Arjan
A
Cindy believes she is allergic to cats. She has always avoided them and feels ill when she notices one is around. Nzinga does not believe Cindy is actually allergic to cats since Cindy seems to have no relation to the kitten Nzinga has secretly been hiding in her room in their shared apartment. Maybe Cindy is remembering the times when she did not feel well and there were cats present and is forgetting the times she has been around cates and felt fine. This phenomenon is also know as: A. confirmation bias B. personality probability C. convenience sampling D. randomized blick sampling
A
Dylan is interested in measuring whether there is a difference in time spent sleeping at night in a given week between elementary school-aged children and high school-aged students. In this study, the dependent variable is MOST likely to be: A. time spent sleeping B. time of day C. age D. a given week
A
Noah is looking at a histogram depicting students placed in various high schools. IN this histogram, the x-axis most likely represents the _____ while the y-axis most likely represents the _______. A. Values of the variable "high school"; frequencies or number of students B. Frequencies or number of students; values of the variable "high school" C. Total number of students; frequencies D. Number of extreme observations; total number of students
A
Psychologists studying infant memory want to determine at what age babies can remember specific events. An experimenter uses several puppets to demonstrate a series of actions while the infant watches. After a delay, the experimenter records how many of the actions the child imitates when playing with the puppets. The dependent variable is the: A. Number of imitated actions B. Type of puppet used by the experimenter C. Activity level of the child D. Length of the experiment
A
The EPA noticed a large increase in the output of greenhouse gases from automobile traffic between 2000 and 2004 in California. When the agency looked at the data by city, it noticed that the score for LA was significantly higher than that for the other major cities in CA combined. How was the city skewing the distribution? A. positively B. negatively C. symmetrically D. unimodally
A
The Pardee family is looking to buy a home in one of two suburban areas just outside a major city, and air quality is a top priority for them. One suburb advertises the use of hybrid cars and solar panels, while the other focuses on its convenient bus routes and availability of luxury car dealerships. Is the mean or median the better measure to use for deciding which area has better air quality? (hint: these populations are skewed) A. median, because it is less biased by skewness being dependent on the middle score B. mean, because it is always the best measure of central tendency in any population C. median, because it is never affected by outliers D. mean, because it represents the balance of the distribution
A
The dean of a local college needs to drop one course from the art program. She decides to pick the course with the lowest average enrollment rate from the previous four semesters. The enrollments of three courses she is considering are Photography--30, 20, 12, and 22; Film Editing--11, 29, 27, and 29; and Abstract Art--18, 22, 21, and 24. Which class has the lowest mean enrollment over the past four semesters? A. Photography B. Film Editing C. Abstract Art D. All three class have the same mean
A
The push towards open science has been driven by a number of different factors including all but one of the following. Which has NOT been identified as an issue with current research approaches? A. Preregistration of studies before data collection actually begins B. Replication failures C. Data collection techniques that allowed for multiple test of the data D. HARKing
A
The size of each slice in a pie chart represents: A. the proportion of each category B. levels of the independent variable C. nominal categories D. the independent variable
A
The statement "it is hypothesized that students will score higher on their test when they have slept for eight hours or more the night before as compared to sleeping fewer hours the night before." best illustrates an example of a: A. one tailed test B. two tailed test C. parametric test D. nonparametric test
A
The statement "there was no significant difference in the number of times men and women interrupt during conversations" supports the _________________ hypothesis. A. null B. statistical C. research D. sampling
A
The type of car you drive is which type of variable? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio
A
The type of car you drive is which type of variable? A. nominal B. ordinal C. interval D. ratio
A
To calculate a percentage in a frequency distribution: A. Divide the number of participants in a group by the total number of participants and multiply by 100 B. Divide the total number of participants by the number of groups and multiply by 100 C. Multiply each raw score by a value of 100 and divide by 20 D. Divide the total number of participants by the number of participants in each group and divide by 100
A
When a study does not generalize beyond the specific context and people of the experiment being conducted, that study lacks _____________ validity. A. external B. sampling C. convenience D. randomness
A
Which of these is an example of the clinical application of graphs? A. depression levels plotted against number of treatment sessions, shown in comparison to expected outcomes B. house prices plotted against marketing expenses, displayed on a map to show prices as a function of location C. bubble graphs that allow multiple variables to be displayed simultaneously D. a graph showing a time line with points along that line that can be accessed to learn more info about the events that occurred in history
A
What is the term for studies that specify their data collection methods, hypotheses, and analysis plans prior to conducting the study? A. preregistration B. HARKing C. meta analysis D. open science
A?
A graph displaying the frequency of different responses to an open response question on a course evaluation in which the size of the work indicates the frequency of the response is an example of a : A. bubble graph B. word cloud C. Pareto chart D. word plot
B
A graph showing new job growth by month from September 2013 to December 2013 shows a steady increase. A popular news magazine makes the claim that the job outlook is great for the New Year and beyond. This is an example of a(n): A. sneaky sample B. extrapolation C. biased scale D. interpolation
B
A z score of zero is equivalent to the: A. standard deviation B. mean C. standard error D. variance
B
Approximately _______ % of scores fall between the mean and a z score of 1. A. 32% B. 34% C. 48% D. 50%
B
Dr. Arikan thinks language is highly connected to spatial abilities. She enlists college students to perform a verbal task as they navigate around a room, while another group of students does a nonverbal tapping task when doing the same navigation task. What is the purpose of the tapping group? A. they are the experimental group of interest B. they serve as a control group to match the verbal task group of interest C. they directly test the research hypothesis D. they directly test the null hypothesis
B
Madison has two hospitals. In the larger hospital, about 45 babies are born each day, and in the smaller hospital, about 15 babies are born each day. Approximately 50% of all babies born in the two hospital are girls, but the exam percentage varies from day to day. Over a period of one year, which hospital will record more days during which over 60% of the babies born are girls? A. the larger hospital B. the smaller hospital C. both hospitals will record about the same number of births D. neither hospital, since the proportion with always be 50%
B
Most evaluations of teaching are done on five-point-scales from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5), or very unsatisfied (1) to very satisfied (5). These response options are best considered to be measured on a(n) ____ scale. A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio
B
Of the four types of population parameters used to describe any distribution, which parameter describes how far the observations scatter around the central value? A. mean B. standard deviation C. skewness D. interquartile range
B
One reason for doing correlational research is to evaluate the relationship between two variables that are related to each other either positively or negatively. However, a correlation is vulnerable to what variable, which systematically co-varies with the variable of interest? A. Independent B. Confounding C. Dependent D. Interval
B
The Central Limit Theorem asserts that as sample size increases: A. the standard error increases B. the distribution of means becomes more normal C. the means become more dispersed with greater variability D. our confidence in the results decreases
B
The ___________ is a measure of variability that is calculated by taking the difference of the highest and lowest scores in the distribution. A. standard deviation B. range C. variance D. central tendency
B
The formula z(Ѳ)+μ is used to convert a ________ to a ______ : A. raw score; z score B. z score; raw score C. raw score; standard error D. z score; standard error
B
The number of avalanche fatalities in Colorado for the last nine seasons was reported as 7, 1 ,6, 6, 7, 5, 8, 2, 3. What type of distribution do the numbers represent? A. unimodal B. bimodal C. multimodal D. nonmodal
B
The numerical summary characteristics of a population are called ___________, while the numerical summary characteristics of a sample are called _____________. A. parameters; variance B. parameters; statistics C. statistics; parameters D. statistics; sum of squares
B
The statement "there was a difference between the emotional intelligence test scores of men and women in the current study" supports the ________________ hypothesis. A. null B. research C. failure to reject the null D. failure to reject the research
B
The third step in hypothesis testing is: A. stating the null and research hypothesis B. determining the characteristics of the comparison distribution C. selected the appropriate test based on the population, comparison distribution, and underlying assumptions D. determining the critical values for a test
B
The z distribution allows one to compare scores to distributions with ___________ and means to distributions of means with ____________. A. z scores; z scores B. z scores; z statistics C. z statistics; z scores D. z statistics; z statistics
B
There are 3 different Olympic medals: gold, silver, and bronze. Which variable describes the different types of Olympic medals? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio
B
What measure of variability is the square root of the average of the squared deviations from the mean? A. variance B. standard deviation C. range D. central tendency
B
Which "branch of statistics uses numerical observations and incorporates them into an organized and informative summary of the data? A. Inferential B. Descriptive C. Population D. Sample
B
Which of these is NOT an appropriate tool for locating a specific point on a normal bell-shaped curve? A. raw scores B. sum of squares C. z scores D. percentile rankings
B
A popular sports drink company sampled 20 people who drink its product regularly and found that they performed better during a physical test than did those who do not drink the product regularly. What might be a possible confound in the study? A. The sample size is small B. It rained on the day of the physical test C. Regular drinkers of sports drinks may be more athletic than those who are not D. The company funding the test was biased since it sells sports drinks
C
A researcher does not find support for his research hypothesis. He should then make which of these decisions? A. reject the null hypothesis B. Type 1 error has been committed C. fail to reject the null hypothesis D. it is not possible to make the decision based on the info provided
C
A(n) ____________ is the number of standard deviations a score is from the mean. A. raw score B. interval C. z score D. standard error score
C
An insurance company hire Kendall to explain car accidents that are the result of people who look at the road while driving but do not see an oncoming car, a type of accident labeled as "driver looked but did not see." Kendall creates and experiment in which participants see tow pictures flashing on a computer screen. Both pictures show the same scene, but one is slightly different. Kendall records how long it takes people to notice the change (reaction time) and how many sets of pictures they view during a 5-minute session. What should Kendall include on a scatterplot to most effectively describe these data? A. Reaction time and gender B. Reaction time and total study time C. Reaction time and number of pictures viewed D. Number of pictures viewed and gender
C
Approximately _____% of scores fall within 2 standard deviations from the mean. A. 48 B. 50 C. 96 D. 98
C
Delaney and Andrea each brought a letter ticket. Andrea's ticket is 4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42 and Delaney's ticket is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Who is more likely to win the lottery? A. Delaney B. Andrea C. both Delaney and Andrea are equally likely to win D. Neither Delaney nor Andrea has any chance of winning
C
Dr. Abdallah is examining the weights of 600 children, 2 to 18 years old, to find out if childhood obesity rates are increasing in his city. With this type of data, is it better to use a frequency table or a grouped frequency table? Why? A. A frequency table is better because the data are discrete whole numbers B. A frequency table is better because the data cover a small range C. A grouped frequency table is better because the data are a large set of continuous intervals D. A grouped frequency table is better because the data are nominal
C
Dr. Becker thinks that criminal justice students are better analytical writers than sociology students. Which statement would be his null hypothesis? A. sociology students are better analytic writers than criminal justice students. B. There is a difference in the analytic writing ability between criminal justice and sociology students. C. There is no difference in the analytic writing ability between criminal justice and sociology students. D. Criminal justice students are better analytic writers than sociology students.
C
Dylan is interested in measuring whether there is a difference in time spent sleeping at night in a given week between elementary school-aged children and high school-aged students. In this study, the independent variable is MOST likely to be: A. Time spent sleeping B. Time of day C. Age D. A given week
C
For a distribution of scores, the standard deviation is 30. If we create a distribution of means based on a sample size of 12, what is the standard error? A. 2.19 B. 2.50 C. 8.66 D. 9.05
C
In a classic experiment on the unreliability of eyewitness testimony, participants first watch a video of a car wreck and were then asked wither, "how fast was the car going when it hit the other car?" or " how fast was the care going when it smashed into the other car?" The hypothesis was the the word "smashed" would induce higher estimates of speed that the word "hit." What is the null hypothesis? A. The "hit" group will estimate a lower speed than the "smashed" group B. Only the "smashed" group will estimate a high speed C. Both groups will give similar estimates of speed D. Neither group will estimate the speed
C
In the famous Zimbardo prison study, Stanford students were assigned the role of either a prisoner or a guard so that the experimenters could examine prison life behaviors and interactions. The experiment was intended to run for two weeks but was stopped after only six days because of the brutal behavior of the guards and the depression of the prisoners. What was the independent variable in this study? A. Participants behaviors B. Depression C. Role assigned to student D. Length of the study
C
It would be preferable to have a grouped frequency table rather than a frequency table when data: A. are small B. include many raw scores and only one group C. go to many decimal places and cover a large range D. contain many extreme observations
C
Random sampling is most closely associated with which of the following? A. internal validity B. reliability C. external validity D. interrater reliability
C
Researcher used their knowledge of the z distribution to assert that some published data might have been "cleaned" or altered in some way in order for test statistics to pass a cutoff at z of 1.96. The cutoff corresponds to the observations that happen less than _____ % of the time. A. 1 B. 2.5 C. 5 D. 10
C
The CDC is testing the effectiveness of a recent campaign promoting a healthy lifestyle. What is the best operational definition for healthy lifestyle? A. Eat right and stay fit B. Watch your weight and make efforts to lose weight if you are overweight or obese C. Eat 5 serving of fruits/vegetables and be physically active for 30 minutes or more daily D. Take care of yourself so you can live to be 100
C
The formula (X - μ)/Ѳ is used to calculate a : A. raw score B. standard deviation C. z score D. mean distribution
C
The variance calculated on 32 scores is equal to 42.24. What is the standard deviation? A. 1.32 units B. 1.32 units squared C. 6.50 units D. 6.50 units squared
C
To build a sample, the U.S. census records the number of people in a household. What type of data is this? A. Construct B. Hypothesis C. Discrete D. Continuous
C
What type of graph visually displays individual data points of one variable with the range of scores along the x-axis? A. histogram B. frequency polygon C. dot plot D. frequency table
C
When one has a scale variable based on frequencies, what type of graph should be used? A. line graph or bar graph B. scatterplot or line graph C. histogram or frequency polygon D. pictorial graph or frequency polygon
C
When plotting 2 scale variables, a ________is best graph option. A. Bar graph B. Pictorial graph C. Line graph D. Frequency polygon
C
When the mean is presented in research articles, it is most often accompanied by the ___________ as a measure of variability. A. range B. variance C. standard deviation D. interquartile range
C
A charter school wants to show that students' test scores are superior to those of another school in the district. The administration creates a bar graph showing a very tall bar representing the private school's mean test score and a very short bar representing the mean score for the other school. What part of the graph would show if the charter school is exaggerating the difference between schools? A. labels on the x-axis B. range of values on the x-axis C. labels on the y-axis D. range of values on the y-axis
D
A researcher was interested in assessing whether a new medication had negative side effects on reaction time. He performed an experiment on a group of rates. One group of rats received the medication, and the other group of rats did not. The researcher then measured the reaction time differences between the two groups on a series of tasks. In this experiment, the independent variable is: A. Reaction time B. Tasks C. Rats D. Medication
D
A weight-loss author and advocate is offering free exercise training and diet plans for people who want to participate in her program. She finds that 85% of the participants who signed up lost an average of 30 pounds in just six months. She then promotes her program as the most effective plan available and promises each participant a weight loss of 20 pounds or more. Is her plan really as effective as she says? A. Yes; the study included bothy diet and exercise as part of the plan B. Yes; the estimated weight loss is a conservative estimate (20 pounds) compared to the mean weight loss for the study (30 pounds) C. No; the study should include both men and women D. No; the study is based on a volunteer sample, which may be very different from a randomly selected one
D
College students at 20 campuses around the country were polled to find out how many students own wireless headphones. This small representative group of students is called a: A. Population B. Median C. Mode D. Sample
D
In order to assess the effect of pet ownership on mental health, a researcher surveys 50 people who own pets and 50 people who do not own pets. The sample being studied is: A. All pet owners B. The survey being used C. 50 pet owners D. 100 people
D
In which type of research design does each participant experience all levels of the independent variable? A. non-experimental B. between-groups C. correlational D. within-groups
D
It was once believed that the intelligence of a person was related to their head size. If there is no actual association between these variables, this would be an example of a(n): A. coincidence B. personal probability C. confirmation bias D. illusory correlation
D
Many scientists and laypeople have been interested in the effects of pet ownership on overall health. Surprisingly enough, the results have been somewhat inconclusive to date. A major investigation of the issue might compare pet owners to people w/o pets over a 5 to 10-year period. Which is the control group? A. pet owners B. people without pets C. the pets themselves D. pet owners with poor health
D
Scatterplots visually depict the type of relation between two variables, such as a ________ relation, where the data fall along a straight, and a _______ relation, where the data follow a curved or broken pattern. A. linear; negative B. nonlinear; linear C. nonlinear; line of best fit D. linear; nonlinear
D
The _____________________ is a distribution composed of many sample means. A. standard normal curve B. central limit theorem C. standard error D. distribution of means
D
The number of children per household on the U.S. Census is an example of which type of variable? A. nominal B. ordinal C. interval D. ratio
D
The number of children per household on the U.S. census is an example of which type of variable? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio
D
The process of standardization converts individual scores from different distributions to a shared distribution with a known: A. mean and percentile B. standard deviation and percentile C. mean and standard deviation D. mean, standard deviation, and percentile
D
The range as a measure of variability is problematic because: A. it does not represent the spread of the distribution B. calculations of the range are frequently full of errors C. it is expressed in squared units D. it relies on the most extreme scores, which could be outliers
D
The standard deviation is most commonly used to get a sense of how far the typical score of a distribution differs from the mean. In computing the standard deviation, why is it necessary to square the deviations from the mean for each score? A. the deviations are too small to have a variance w/o being squared B. the is no variability in the deviations of the scores prior to squaring C. squaring numbers is a required step in calculating all measures of variability D. the deviations sum to zero due to negative and positive values
D
The total number of Olympic medals won by a country is an example of which type of variable A. nominal B. ordinal C. interval D. ratio
D
Variables that can take on only certain number such as whole numbers are A. ordinal B. ratio C. continuous D. discrete
D
Why is it sometimes easier to use a frequency table to interpret data than to examine a distribution of raw scores? A. raw scores do not represent the data B. a frequency table transforms the raw scores by showing the mean C. raw scores are not based on the sample D. frequency tables display patterns, organizing the data by frequency of scores
D
_______________ are an efficient way to visually display data to identify whether there is a linear or nonlinear relation between scale variables. A. histograms B. bar graphs C. time plots D. scatterplots
D