PSY 210 exam 2 practice quizzes

Shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on A. the number of vowels in a word. B. the category of a word. C. the pleasantness of a word. D. the meaning of a word.

A.

The "magic number," according to Miller, is A. 7 plus or minus 2. B. lucky 13. C. 5 plus or minus 2. D. 7 and 11.

A.

The effective duration of short-term memory, when rehearsal is prevented, is approximately A. 15-20 seconds. B. a fraction of a second. C. 1-3 minutes. D. 5-7 minutes.

A.

According to the levels of processing theory, memory durability depends on how information is A. encoded. B. stored. C. retrieved. D. encoded, stored, and retrieved.

A.

Compared to the whole-report technique, the partial-report procedure involves A. a smaller response set. B. a smaller stimulus set and a smaller response set. C. a smaller stimulus set D. a shorter rehearsal period.

A.

Flashbulb memory is best represented by which of the following statements? A. It is memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person heard about an emotional event that remains especially vivid but not necessarily accurate over time. B. It is vivid, highly accurate memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person heard about an emotional event. C. It is vivid, highly accurate memory for emotional events. D. It is vivid memory for emotional events.

A.

Regarding free recall of a list of items, which of the following will most likely cause the recency effect to disappear? A. Counting backward for 30 seconds before recall B. Presenting the stimulus list at a slower pace C. Inserting a 30-second delay before recall D. Using a very long list (greater than 30 items at one item per second)

A.

The word-length effect shows that it is more difficult to remember A. a list of long words than a list of short words. B. a list of words that are all the same length than a list of words that are of different lengths. C. a list of words that are of different lengths than a list of words that are all the same length. D. a long list of words than a short list of words.

A.

What process/processes schemas affect? A. encoding, storage, and retrieval B. encoding and retrieval only C. retrieval only D. encoding only

A.

When light from a flashlight is moved quickly back and forth on a wall in a darkened room, it can appear to observers that there is a trail of light moving across the wall, even though physically the light is only in one place at any given time. This experience is an effect of memory that occurs because of A. iconic memory B. echoic memory C. a visual delay effect D. top-down processing

A.

Which of the following involves procedural memory? A. Reading a sentence in a book B. Recalling a childhood memory C. Knowing how it feels to be scared D. Knowing how an automobile engine works

A.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an implicit memory? A. Semantic memory B. Priming C. Procedural memory D. Classical conditioning

A.

According to the _____ approach to memory, what people report as memories is based on what actually happened plus additional factors such as other knowledge, experiences, and expectations. A. source B. constructive C. event-specific D. misinformation

B.

Experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of ____ in LTM. A. long-term potentiation B. retrieval cues C. mass practice D. elaborative rehearsal

B.

Given what we know about the operation of the phonological loop, which of the following word lists would be most difficult for people to retain for 15 seconds? A. BIP, TEK, LIN, MOD, REY B. MAC, CAN, CAP, MAN, MAP C. PIG, DOG, RAT, FOX, HEN D. SAY, BET, PIN, COW, RUG

B.

If basketball legend Shaquille O'Neal wanted to remember his 16-digit credit card number, which of the following memory techniques would you recommend? A. He should visualize the front of his credit card showing a picture of him dribbling a basketball. B. He should think of the numbers as a sequence of basketball statistics. C. He should picture each of the numbers in his head printed in a bright color. D. He should first memorize a few other sequences of 16 digits to gain some practice.

B.

Memory for a word will tend to be better if the word is used in a complex sentence (like "the bicycle was blue, with high handlebars and a racing seat") rather than a simple sentence (like "he rode the bicycle"). This probably occurs because the complex sentence A. causes more rehearsal. B. creates more connections. C. takes longer to process. D. is more interesting.

B.

Neisser proposed that A. all the options are incorrect. B. narrative rehearsal explains flashbulb memory. C. flashbacks to the event defines the nature of flashbulb memory. D. flashbulb memories occur as a result of a biological mechanism called now print.

B.

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of three letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays. They found that participants remembered an average of 80 percent of the groups after 3 seconds but only 10 percent after 18 seconds. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to _____, but later research showed that it was actually due to _____. A. interference; decay B. decay; interference C. decay; lack of rehearsal D. priming; interference

B.

A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that A.people's confidence in a memory predicts its accuracy (high confidence = high accuracy). B. rehearsal cannot account for them. C. extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate. D. they are permanent and resist forgetting.

C.

According to Brown and Kulik's concept of flashbulb memory, people now in their early 20s do not hold a flashbulb memory for the attacks of 9/11 because A. kids do not encode eventskids lacked the background schema to encode the information about the events of 9/11. B. all the answers are correct. C. in 2001 they were too young to realize how consequential the event was. D. the now print mechanism only works in adults.

C.

An item on an implicit memory test would most likely resemble which of the following? A. "Which of the following words is related to "plant," TREE or SHOE." B. "Explain your earliest personal memory that relates to TREE." C. "Fill in the following with the first word that comes to mind: T _ _ E." D. "Report the first word that you associate with TREE."

C.

In the experiment in which participants sat in an office and then were asked to remember what they saw in the office, participants "remembered" some things, like books, that weren't actually there. This experiment illustrates the effect of _____ on memory. A. bias B. scripts C. schemas D. confabulation

C.

People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forgetting what they went to retrieve when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the principle of A. levels of processing theory. B. maintenance rehearsal. C. encoding specificity. D. the self-reference effect.

C.

Research shows that _____ does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material. A. organization B. making up questions about the material C. highlighting D. feedback

C.

The defining characteristic of implicit memory is that A. it always leads to episodic memory for events. B. it is enhanced by the self-reference effect. C. we are not conscious we are using it. D. people use it strategically to enhance memory for events.

C.

The emphasis of the concept of working memory is on how information is A. perceived. B. permanently stored. C. manipulated. D. forgotten.

C.

The primacy effect is attributed to A. recall of information still active in STM. B. forgetting of early items in a list as they are replaced by later items. C. recall of information stored in LTM. D. a type of rehearsal that improves memory for all items in a list.

C.

This multiple choice question is an example of a ____ test. A. word-completion B. implicit memory C. recognition D. recall

C.

What approach did Bartlett use to study memory? A. quantitative, counting the number of ideas recalled in the story B. both qualitative and quantitative C. qualitative, using correspondence between the actual story and its recall

C.

What is a difficulty in studying flashbulb memory? A. All of the options are correct. B. The now print biological mechanism is impossible to verify. C. Accuracy is measured by consistency between reports. D. People do not like to talk about emotional event

C.

Which of the following is NOT an example of semantic memory? A. I remember that experiments have shown that talking on cell phones can impair driving ability. B. I remember that more than 33% of U.S. drivers have admitted to using a cell phone when driving. C. I remember the day we learned about how talking on cell phones can impair driving ability.

C.

A patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty in A. recognizing famous people. B. remembering the meaning of some words. C. recalling where to find eating utensils in the kitchen. D. remembering where a best friend had moved.

D.

According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words? A. Generating a rhyming word for each word to be remembered B. Repeating the words over and over in your mind C. Deciding how many vowels each word has D. Making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned

D.

Articulatory suppression causes a decrease in the word-length effect because A. saying "la, la, la" forces participants to use visual encoding. B. elaborative rehearsal helps transfer information into LTM. C. talking makes the longer words seem even longer. D. saying "the, the, the" fills up the phonological loop.

D.

Bartlett's experiment in which English participants were asked to recall the "War of the Ghosts" story illustrated the A. reminiscence bump. B. misinformation effect. C. familiarity effect. D. constructive nature of memory.

D.

Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by A. using it in a sentence. B. linking the new word to a previously learned concept. C. thinking of its synonyms and antonyms. D. repeating it over and over.

D.

Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called A. personal semantic memory. B. elaborative rehearsal C. episodic-based processing. D. transfer-appropriate processing.

D.

Two types of declarative memory are _____ and _____ memory. A. implicit; episodic B. semantic; implicit C. procedural; episodic D. episodic; semantic

D.

You have been studying for weeks for a nursing school entrance exam. You love the idea of becoming a nurse, and you have been enjoying learning about the material for your exam. Each night, you put on relaxing clothes and study in the quiet of your lovely home. Memory research suggests you should take your test with a _____ mind set. A. neutral B. nervous C. excited D. calm

D.