PSY 230 Chapter 14, 15, 16, & 17 Study Guide
In 1900, ________ of children 10 years old had four living grandparents; in 2000, ________ of children 10 years old had four living grandparents
4%; 40%
In 2012, an estimated ________ adults in the United States had Alzheimer disease.
5.4 million
Recent research suggests that being widowed is associated with an approximately ________ increase in risk of mortality.
50%
In 2014, ________ of U.S. adults over 65 years of age were married.
59%
A recent national survey revealed that ________ of adults 70 years and older had a hearing loss defined as an inability to hear sounds at frequencies higher than 25 dB with their better ear.
63%
Approximately what percentage of U.S. men 65 years of age and older were living in poverty in 2013?
7%
In 2013, the life expectancy for men was ________ and for women was ________.
76.4; 81.2
A recent study found that ________ of mid- to large-size hospitals have a palliative care team.
85%
Which of the following is TRUE of the American attitude toward death?
Americans are generally death avoiders and death deniers.
________ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood.
Arthritis
In a recent Canadian study of older adults, which of the following was NOT linked to aging successfully?
Being Single
According to research on intergenerational relationships, in which of the following ways is an adult child most likely to be similar to his or her parents?
In politics
A recent study found that advance care planning was associated with all of the following EXCEPT
Increase in the number of medical procedures performed
Which of the following is Erikson's eighth stage of development?
Integrity vs.despair
Which of the following is the effect of the drug treatment given to patients with Alzheimer disease?
It increases levels of acetylcholine in the brain.
Which of the following statements about sibling relationships is TRUE?
It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood.
In which of the following countries is cremation the most popular?
Japan
________ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live.
Life expectancy
Which of the following statements about life review is FALSE?
Life reviews avoid reflecting on regrets.
________ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning.
Living will
Mr. Dalton has a disease that is characterized by muscle tremors, slow movement, and partial facial paralysis. The doctors have told his family that the disease is chronic and progressive in nature. Which of the following conditions does Mr. Martin most likely have?
Parkinson disease
Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with ________, while reduction in acetylcholine is linked with ________.
Parkinson disease; Alzheimer disease
Turning off a respirator or a heart-lung machine is an example of ________ euthanasia.
Passive
Cognitive neuroscience has uncovered some important links between aging, the brain, and cognitive functioning. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
Patterns of neural decline with aging are more noticeable for encoding than retrieval.
Which of the following statements about cohabiting older adults is TRUE?
Research indicates that middle-aged and older adult cohabiting men and women reported higher levels of depression than their married counterparts.
Don and Ellie have been married for over 30 years. Their relationship has changed over the years in typical, predictable ways. Which of the following is likely to be MOST important in their relationship?
Security
Other than pining for the lost person, which of the following is another dimension of grief over death?
Separation anxiety
Which of the following statements about intergenerational relations is TRUE?
Similarity between parents and an adult child is most noticeable in religion and politics.
Which theory gained support by the finding that as individuals grow older they had fewer peripheral social contacts but retained close relationships with people who provided them with emotional support?
Socioemotional selectivity theory
________ develops when individuals sense that they have done nothing for the next generation.
Stagnation
Pining and preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased person are associated with:
Stranger anxiety
A 12-year longitudinal study revealed that older adults who had persistently low or declining feelings of usefulness to others had:
an increased risk of earlier death.
An advanced directive/living will must be signed when:
an individual is able to think clearly.
In the ________ stage of dying, the dying person's question is, "Why me?"
anger
A Canadian study found that the overwhelming majority of individuals facing death wanted to be:
at home
In 1900, most people died:
at home, cared for by their family.
All of the following are research findings related to attachment in older adults except that:
attachment anxiety increases with age.
According to Kübler-Ross, ________ is the stage of dying in which the person develops the hope that death can somehow be postponed or delayed.
bargaining
Kevin realizes he is starting to lose his battle with cancer. In desperation, he keeps saying, "If I could just have a week without pain I would be okay." Kevin is in which of Kübler-Ross's stages of dying?
bargaining
For the first time in his life, Austin, now 46 years old, is allowing himself to spend the time to learn how to paint with watercolors. He has always considered this a feminine hobby and a waste of time because it doesn't make money. Levinson would say he is working through the conflict of:
being masculine versus being feminine.
In Vaillant's longitudinal study, factors at age 50 that were linked with being in the "happy-well" group at age 75 to 80 years of age included all of the following EXCEPT:
being wealthy.
With age:
both brain weight and brain volume decrease.
There is considerable research evidence showing ________ increases the lifespan of laboratory animals.
calorie restriction
Aging expert Laura Carstensen concluded that people:
choose close friends over new friends as they grow older.
The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are:
close
Harold's wife died seven months ago, yet Harold still feels detached and believes his life has no meaning. Harold is experiencing:
complicated grief
Prolonged grief disorder is also known as
complicated grief
A recent study by Specht, Egloff, and Schukle found that ________ showed a continuous increase from early adulthood to late adulthood.
conscientiousness
According to research, grandparents who are raising their grandchildren are at increased risk for developing:
depression
After accepting the certainty of death, a period of ________ or preparatory grief may appear.
depression
Middle adulthood is referred to as the sandwich generation because:
middle-aged adults may have to care for their own adolescent children as well as their elderly parents
An intermittent, recurrent wish or need to recover the deceased person is known as:
pining
Recent studies have led researchers to conclude that the emotional life of older adults is more ________ than once thought.
positive
Delilah lost her husband Hendricks to a bloody highway accident. Being just three years into marriage, she was devastated. Four months later, she was hassled by problems such as intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, nightmares, sleep disturbance, and problems in concentrating. Delilah is probably experiencing:
post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.
Deaths that are sudden, violent, or traumatic are likely to:
produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.
All of the following are part of the life review process EXCEPT:
projecting future life experiences.
Traditional Amish groups cope with death by:
providing much community support for the family over several months.
William was one of those college guys who didn't know what he wanted to do, and at the time wasn't distressed about that. Being older in terms of his career development has him worried because, according to Levinson, by age 40, a man should have:
reached a stable point in his career.
One study revealed that an important factor among older adults who showed a higher level of emotion regulation and successful aging was:
reduced responsiveness to regrets.
According to your textbook, grief encompasses all of the following EXCEPT:
relief
Stacy is a director of a senior center. Every week she leads a group where the elders discuss past activities and experiences. The members of the group are encouraged to share anecdotes, old pictures, and other family memorabilia that remind them of significant events in their past. Stacy's group is a form of:
reminiscence therapy.
Whereas ________ is important in new relationships, especially in young adulthood, ________ becomes more important in middle adulthood.
romance; mutual emotional interest
Younger adults are more likely to experience ________ love and older adults are more likely to experience ________ love.
romantic; affectionate
Successful aging is related to three main factors:
selection, optimization, and compensation
Lavinia, now 84 years old, is very happy with her situation. She is confident she can continue to take care of her house, enjoy her hobby of quilting, and take care of routine issues that arise. Lavinia is high in:
self-efficacy.
Alexander is a 19-year-old college freshman. He has a dream of becoming a sports journalist and living a fast-paced professional life in a large city. According to Levinson, Alexander is right on time in his:
transition from dependence to independence.
Guillermo has taught his apprentices all the specialized techniques he has developed over the years as a carpenter. It makes him feel proud and useful to pass along what he has learned. According to Erikson, he has achieved ________ generativity.
work
Sometimes euthanasia is called:
"Mercy Killing"
James, 32 years old, is married, a father of one, and getting established in his career. He finds himself torn between obligations to his family and his employer and often ponders where his loyalties are and where to draw boundaries. According to Levinson, he is entering the phase of BOOM, or:
"becoming one's own man."
The New England Centenarian and Supercentenarian studies found all of the following except that:
"the older you get, the sicker you get."
Approximately what percentage of U.S. women 65 years of age and older were living in poverty in 2013?
12%
A recent study of end-of-life planning revealed that ________ of patients 18 years of age and older had a living will.
15%
The most current recommendation regarding exercise for older adults is to engage in moderate-intensity aerobic activity for ________ and muscle strengthening activities ________.
2.5 hours a day; 3 days a week
Approximately what percentage of adults age 65 or over were widowed in 2014?
25%
Which of the following MOST resembles the grieving process?
A roller coaster ride of emotions
A new finding that Canadian older adults who were more physically active had higher life satisfaction and greater social interaction than their physically inactive counterparts supports which theory of aging?
Activity theory
What is the "triple jeopardy" faced by African American and Latina women when it comes to income and financial levels of support in the elder years?
Ageism, sexism, and racism
Which of the following places individuals on a continuum from trusting to suspicious?
Agreeableness
Recent studies have focused on the role amyloid plaques, tau, and oxidative stress play in ________ disease.
Alzheimer
Agnes is working on improving her cardiac functioning by healthy eating, exercise, and watching her weight. She knows that this is one of the best strategies to lower her risk of ________.
Alzheimer disease
________ refers to a progressive, irreversible brain disorder that is characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, eventually, physical function.
Alzheimer disease
Which of the following religions believes in reincarnation?
Buddhism
Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the 75 to 84 and 85 and over age groups?
Cardiovascular disease
Which of the following organizations created a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning?
Choice in dying
Which of the following is the conclusion of the study conducted by Costa and McCrae on approximately 1,000 college-educated men and women aged 20 to 96?
Considerable stability occurs in the five personality factors.
Which of the following is a treatment for advanced Parkinson disease?
Deep brain stimulation
________ is the global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning.
Dementia
________ can be used to avoid the destructive impact of shock by delaying the necessity of dealing with one's death.
Denial
According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the first stage of dying?
Denial and isolation
Dylan's doctor told him the pain in his side was from a cancerous tumor. Dylan couldn't believe what he heard and decided he needed to get a second opinion in case he happens to have an incompetent doctor. Which of Kübler-Ross's stages of dying is Dylan currently in?
Denial and isolation
For a terminally ill person, which of the following can be the most useful benefit of denying one's imminent death?
Denial can help to insulate the dying person from coping with intense feelings of anger.
Terry, a terminally ill cancer patient, has finally accepted the certainty of her death. She is now refusing to have any visitors to her hospital room, and spends most of her time crying and grieving. Which of the following stages of dying is Terry most likely in?
Depression
According to Levinson, which of the following is a major task that needs to be mastered in early adulthood?
Developing a stable life structure
________ grief is grief over a deceased person that is socially ambiguous and cannot be openly mourned or supported.
Disenfranchised
Which of the following is the main treatment for Parkinson in the earlier stages?
Dopamine agonists
What do studies say of the American attitude toward euthanasia after the Terri Schiavo incident?
Family members want an escalation of treatment.
Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules?
Free-radical theory
________ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love.
Grief
Which of the following is NOT a thought associated with surviving spouses who did not believe they would be reunited with their deceased spouse in the afterlife?
Hope
Which of the following statements about hospice care is TRUE?
Hospice care emphasizes palliative care.
Cognitive neuroscience has uncovered some important links between aging, the brain, and cognitive functioning. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
In older adults, the functioning of the hippocampus declines more than the functioning of the frontal lobes.
Kayla and David have been married for over 30 years. Their relationship has changed over the years in typical, predictable ways. Which of the following is likely to be MOST important in their relationship?
Loyalty
________ is a condition in which individuals may have a relatively normal peripheral vision but are unable to see clearly what is right in front of them.
Macular degeneration
Which of the following is FALSE regarding recent research on love and marriage in middle-age?
Marriages that were difficult and rocky in early adulthood tended to stay that way.
Which of the following is TRUE of middle-aged and older adults who had poor sibling relationships in childhood?
Men were more likely to develop depression by age 50
According to research, who is in the age group MOST likely to volunteer more than 100 hours annually?
Millicent, an 80-year-old woman
Which of the following statements about research on the empty nest syndrome is TRUE?
Most couples do not experience it.
Which of the following is consistent with the position of Margie Lachman and her colleagues regarding the differences in perspectives of younger and middle-aged adults?
Most midlife adults feel their sense of control is frequently challenged by outside demands.
Which of the following places individuals on a continuum from secure to insecure?
Neuroticism
In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics generally changed the most across time for the adult?
Nurturance or hostility
Which of the following is TRUE regarding altruism and volunteerism in older adults?
Older adults are focused on contributing to the public good.
Which of the following could be the probable reason why older adults tend to report being less lonely than younger adults?
Older adults have more selective social networks and a greater acceptance of solitude
What is the main difference between the way younger people and older people respond to stress?
Older people keep stress hormones in their system for longer periods.
Which of the following factors is MOST likely to predict high status for older adults in a culture?
Older persons control key family/community resources
Which of the following statements about older workers is TRUE?
Older workers experience more job satisfaction than younger workers.
Which of the following statements about a living will is FALSE?
Only the terminally ill can write one.
Which of the following places individuals on a continuum from independent to conforming?
Openness
Octavia, Phaedra, and Sylvia, three married women, live in the same neighborhood. Octavia just moved in and has several new friends. Phaedra doesn't have a best friend, whereas Sylvia has known her best friend for years. Research on friendships in older adulthood would predict that:
Sylvia is happiest.
Which of the following statements about the care of a dying older person in the United States today is TRUE?
The care of a dying older person has shifted away from the family.
Which is true regarding drug treatment for Alzheimer disease?
The drugs slow the worsening of Alzheimer symptoms for approximately 6 to 12 months.
Which of the following were considered to be clear signs of death 25 years ago?
The end of certain biological functions
Which of the following is an advantage of a dying individual knowing that he or she is dying?
The person has time to reflect on his or her life and make decisions about dying.
Which of the following is NOT part of palliative care?
Trying to cure the patient of an illness
The Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) is a more sophisticated and specific form of:
an advance directive.
In which of the following states is active euthanasia NOT considered a crime?
Washington
Which of the following is TRUE about attention?
When the two competing tasks are reasonably easy, age differences among adults are minimal or nonexistent.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that predicts high status for the elderly in a culture?
Whether older people have had a large number of children
When women experience stress, they are more likely to engage in:
a tend and befriend pattern.
Kara is aware that she is in her last days. She prefers to be alone, and when asked, she says she hardly feels any pain or emotions. She is experiencing Kübler-Ross's stage of:
acceptance
Kübler-Ross describes the ________ stage as the end of the dying struggle.
acceptance
The cognitive benefits for older adults who exercise include all of the following EXCEPT:
an expanded short-term memory capacity
Vashti believes that the more energetic and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. Thus she believes in:
activity theory
A(n) ________ states such preferences as whether life-sustaining procedures should or should not be used to prolong the life of an individual when death is imminent.
advance directive
Vaillant's research showed that at age 50, the best predictors of who would be dead at 75 to 80 years of age were:
alcohol abuse and smoking.
Brain death occurs when:
all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.
Juanita, in her late sixties, experiences high social support from her family and neighbors. Research on the Big Five factors of personality suggests that she is higher in ________.
conscientiousness
The ________ model of personality development states that with time and age people become more adept at interacting with their environment in ways that promote increased stability in personality.
cumulative personality
In terms of Erikson's generativity versus stagnation stage, the achievement of generativity is linked to all of the following EXCEPT:
decreased stress.
Jessica, 84 years old, was hesitant about learning to use the Internet at her age. Her daughter finally convinced her by showing her data from a recent longitudinal study that found that Internet use by older adults was associated with a decrease of one-third in the likelihood of developing:
depression
One study of Mexican American older adults showed that they experienced a significant increase in ________ during the transition to widowhood
depression
Which of the following is Kübler-Ross's fourth stage of dying?
depression
As Clarence has gotten older he is much slower going downstairs. While his adult children think it is due to his balance, he is actually experiencing the effects of age on his:
depth perception.
Kevin's dream is to work with children as a physical therapist. He is committed to complete the years of higher education needed to achieve his dream, and stay active in volunteer work. According to Levinson, by planning the next few years of his life he is:
developing a stable life structure.
Everyone knows Donna's son died in a car accident, but only she and her husband know that a suicide note was found in his room. Donna cannot bring herself to tell anyone the truth, although she is horribly distressed over the circumstances of his death. Donna is experiencing:
disenfranchised grief.
Wade is a 79-year-old African American man living in Philadelphia. Based on his characteristics, researchers say he qualifies for:
double jeopardy
Roberto is a 79-year-old Latino living in Los Angeles. Based on his characteristics, researchers say he qualifies for:
double jeopardy.
Studies of social support and older adults have shown high levels of social support are related to all of the following EXCEPT:
early cognitive decline.
Middle-aged partners are more likely to view their marriage as positive if they:
engage in mutual activities.
Kevin's dream is to work with children as a physical therapist. By finding a summer internship at a camp for children with physical disabilities, Kevin is testing his dream in the real world. According to Levinson, he is:
exploring the possibilities for adult living.
In personality research aiming to predict future well-being, ________ tends to be more positive years later, and ________ tends to be more negative years later.
extraversion; neuroticism
Researchers have found all of the following to be true of sleep in older adults except that they:
fall asleep quickly.
Dylan's father just passed away. He knows that he needs to arrange care for his mother and prepare his parents' house for sale. Even though he has an overwhelming list of tasks, he has withdrawn by going hiking for the day. He is responding in a typically male:
fight-or-flight manner.
Steven's employer is downsizing and cutting jobs. He is worried about his future with the company. On his way home he purchases enough beer so that he'll be drunk by bedtime. He is responding in a typically male:
fight-or-flight manner.
When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a:
fight-or-flight manner.
Among survey participants age 50 and older, the NORC Center for Public Affairs Research found that most of the workers expected to retire later than they had planned due to:
financial reasons.
A recent study demonstrated improved executive function in females 50 to 75 years old who took:
fish oil
According to Levinson, the transition from dependence to independence is marked by the:
formation of a dream.
George Vaillant concludes that the ________ are a decade of reassessing and recording the truth about the adolescent and adulthood years.
forties
After 1995, among adults 65 years old and older in the workforce, those engaging in ________ rose substantially while those engaging in ________ decreased considerably.
full-time work, part-time work
Joshua, now in midlife, has been a Boy Scout leader since his children were small. He is taking great pride in watching his son take a leadership position in the scouts. His son is fulfilling Joshua's needs for:
generativity
Erikson proposed that middle-aged adults face a significant issue that he termed:
generativity versus stagnation.
According to George Vaillant's longitudinal studies, ________ in middle-age was more strongly related than ________ to whether individuals would have an enduring and happy marriage at 75 to 80 years of age.
generativity; intimacy
Marriage partners in late adults usually show all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
greater financial resources.
Adult development experts are virtually unanimous in their belief that midlife crises:
have been exaggerated.
Harold and Sue are both in their seventies. If they are typical of older adults in the United States, based on their gender it is likely that Harold will develop ________ and Sue will develop ________.
hearing problems; vision problems
A recent study found that older adults with ________ levels of education had better cognitive functioning.
higher
The ________ portions of the brain often die sooner than the ________ portions
higher; lower
Victoria is so proud that her daughter wants to be a nurse, just like her mother. Victoria feels like her legacy will continue on in her daughter's work. Erik Erikson would describe this as meeting Victoria's need for generativity to achieve a sense of:
immortality
Arthur has been trying to get his grandmother, Maggie, to exercise. After doing some research he presents her with some findings. "Granny Maggie, exercise will do all of these things for you." He's right, except for:
improving hearing and vision.
Emilio is facing imminent death. Consistent with a recent study of Canadians in a similar situation, given a choice, the LEAST desirable place he would choose to die is
in a nursing home
In the United States today, more than 80% of all deaths occur:
in institutions or hospitals.
All of the following are associated with older adults using the Internet EXCEPT:
increased depression.
According to Erikson, the ________ stage of development involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one's life has not been well spent.
integrity vs. despair
Cindy is visiting her grandfather who is in hospice care and not expected to live much longer. She is feeling nervous and awkward. She pulls the hospice worker aside and asks, "Do you think reminiscing is a good idea?" The hospice worker knows:
it's a good idea, and she should start with memories they have in common.
Which of the following is prominent in Erikson's final stage of integrity versus despair?
life review
According to research, decrease in cognitive functioning of older adults was linked to:
loneliness and isolation.
Researchers have primarily used ________ studies to assess stability and change across the life span.
longitudinal
Robert Butler states that life review is set in motion by:
looking forward to death.
A study of the five personality factors in older adults found that more severe depression was associated with all the following EXCEPT:
lower agreeableness.
Hospices are a relatively recent approach developed to:
make the end of life as free from pain and anxiety as possible.
In a 2004 survey conducted by AARP, the primary reason middle-aged and older men cited for wanting a divorce was:
no obvious problems; they just fell out of love.
Amabel's story is that her best years were in midlife, with moderate decline beginning in her early sixties. She developed cancer in her seventies, causing her health to decline rapidly. Her story reflects:
normal aging
In a study of older adults at 70, 78, and 85, the MOST consistent factor that predicted loneliness was:
not being married
Leading expert Phyllis Moen describes the current typical retirement pattern as:
not defined because there is no typical pattern.
Levinson sees the twenties as a(n) ________ phase of adult development.
novice
Although there are differences in the quality of care in nursing homes and other extended-care facilities in the United States, more than ________ are considered to be seriously deficient.
one-third
Approximately ________ of the total health bill of the United States is for the care of adults 65 and over, who comprise only 12% of the population.
one-third
As an art studio professor, Dr. Brandywine is both smart and creative. He enjoys reading high-level books on the philosophy and neuroscience of supporting artistic endeavors and communicating that information in an understandable way to his students. These characteristics are most closely related to:
openness.
In a recent study, a higher level of ________ following an acute coronary event was linked to fewer cardiac readmissions.
optimism
Researchers increasingly are finding that ________ is linking to being healthier and living longer.
optimism
Jasper was hoping to beat the odds and keep his sex life active without medications. Eventually, he realized that his experience of ________ occurring in every second to the third attempt was normal physiological circumstance.
orgasm
Salina walks with a marked stoop now that she is old. This is most likely due to:
osteoporosis
Vivian feels overwhelmed by her schedule. Aside from demands at work, she is responsible for getting her children to various events, taking care of her mother's shopping, and managing her household. According to the Almeida and Horn study, she is experiencing:
overload stressors.
The type of care that is designed to reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity is known as:
palliative care.
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross believed that when a person is dying of a terminal illness, depression is:
part of the normal process of detaching the self from love objects.
Whereas ________ is important in new relationships, especially in young adulthood, ________ becomes more important in middle adulthood.
passion; security
Galen's story of aging is one of decline. In midlife he developed cardiovascular disease that dominated his quality of life. Later, he developed mild cognitive impairment and then Alzheimer disease. His story reflects:
pathological aging.
Prolonged or complicated grief is associated with grief that lasts
six months
As he looks back over his life, Chris realizes that his work was not as important to him as he believed and that he lost too much valuable time with his children. If he could do it over again, he would work less and spend more time with his children. According to Erikson, Chris is experiencing some degree of:
stagnation.
Acacia's story of aging is one of long life. She maintained her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development well into her late years, putting off her time of decline much later than most. Her story reflects:
successful aging.
According to the cellular clock theory, after about 70 or 80 replications, the cell no longer can reproduce and the ________ are dramatically reduced.
telomeres
Michelle's employer just announced through email that there will be a restructuring of the company and jobs will be eliminated. She quickly hurried down the hall to talk to her friend Phyllis. She is responding in a typically female:
tend and befriend manner.
D'Angelo and his wife just had their last child move out of the house. They had lived vicariously through their children, letting their sports activities and various achievements dominate their lives. Now they may experience ________, which includes a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home.
the empty nest syndrome
Blanche is 72 years old and would like to retire. Consistent with research, her primary reason for continuing to work is:
the need to stay busy.
In a classic study, Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer found that an important factor related to health, and even survival, in a nursing home is:
the patient's feelings of control and self-determination.
In a 2004 survey conducted by AARP, divorced adults reported that they had generally stayed in their marriages and postponed their divorces because of:
their children.
Greta, 75 years old, has noticed that when she is outside in bright sun, and then comes in the house, it takes a long time for her eyes to adjust. When she went in for an eye exam she mentioned this to the doctor. Based on data, his response was that her experience is:
typical and expected for her age.
Mason, 75 years old, has noticed that when he's driving at night, especially if it is raining, it is very distressing. He finds it hard to see and to judge distance from other cars. He asked his doctor about it when he went in for an eye exam. Based on data, the doctor's response was that his experience is:
typical and expected for his age.
In a 2004 survey conducted by AARP, the primary reason middle-aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was:
verbal, physical, or emotional abuse.
As an organizer for the local community center Ralph is always looking for ways to convince older adults to get active. Recently he found a 2016 study by Han and others showing that ________was the strongest predictor of living longer.
volunteering
