PSY 230 Exam 2

Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder routinely appear in:

early childhood

According to Erikson, preschoolers face the challenge of:

initiative vs guilt

Effective interventions to reduce bullying center on:

making bullying a socially unacceptable activity

Children usually begin to initiate past-talk conversations at about age:

4 or 5 years

Roughly 1 in _____ children in the United States are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

68

Child art can be wonderful. At age 3, young children often struggle with drawing circles but by the time they are in third grade they can draw people with both bodies and faces. This is an example of the _____ principle.

Mass to Specific

Brandon is in the third grade. What stage of development is he in?

Middle Childhood

Rhashan, a 3-year-old, is continually testing his abilities in the wider world. Josh, a second grader, is learning that he has to work for what he wants. Pick Erikson's psychosocial stages for each boy.

Rhashan = initiative; Josh = industry

Neuroimaging studies suggest theory-of-mind abilities depend on:

a certain level of frontal lobe development

John has sympathy for his friend Tom who recently went through a divorce. This means that John feels:

bad for tom without feeling his distress

James is 9 years old. Which stage of development is he currently in, according to Piaget?

concrete operations

Theory-of-mind abilities emerge

during preschool

Jeremy is celebrating his third birthday. Which life stage is he entering?

early childhood

Zack is 4 years old and can do cartwheels, back flips, back-hand springs, and one-handed cart wheels. He has had no formal training to develop these gymnastic skills. All represent:

gross motor skills

Undernourished children tend to:

have impaired physical and social skills

All of the following are associated with autism spectrum disorder EXCEPT:

hyperactivity

What is the middle-childhood psychosocial task, according to Erikson?

industry

Jenny says, "Me want more milk." This sentence has four:

morphemes

The zone of proximal development refers to the gap between a child's ability to solve a problem:

on his own versus after being taught

The word sounds of language are called:

phonemes

Humans begin to develop an autobiographical memory, which is the sense that they have a personal past history as well as ongoing selves, during:

preschool

Long-term weight problems can be detected as early as:

preschool

Gender-segregated play begins during:

preschool and increases in elementary school.

Mr. and Mrs. Franklin are taking their son to see a psychiatrist who helps children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The psychiatrist might consider all of the following interventions EXCEPT:

recommending the child be exposed to demanding timed tasks.

Since she does not have a pen, paper, or GPS in her car, Deedra memorizes her friend's phone directions by repeating the turns and street names in her mind over and over. Deedra is using a learning strategy called:

rehearsal

Children who have experienced abuse often have memory failure when it comes to their autobiographical memories. Freud would call this:

repression

A person's ability to understand word meanings is known as:

semantics

The facet of language that grows throughout life is:

semantics

Autobiographical memory begins to develop at about the same time as:

theory of mind

Vocabularies can be expected to continue to grow:

throughout the lifespan

_____ believe that social cognitive capacity puts humans at an advantage to other species.

Evolutionary Theorists

The top-ranking health disorder among U.S. children today, affecting 1 in 10 children, is:

ADHD

Middle childhood refers to boys and girls aged:

Ages 7-12

Which term refers to young children's belief that everything in nature was created by humans?

Artificialism