PSY 240 Chp 1 Prac. Quizzes & Test

Finding an unanswered research question is often the result of:

Design constraints Critical reading Logical arguments Random selection ANSWER: Critical reading

Select a topic and review the literature.

Find an idea

Upon hearing that one of her favorite actors has died, Natasha worries out loud about who the other two deaths will involve, as she is certain that deaths come in threes. Natasha's assertion that deaths come in threes is based on which of the following?

Rationalism Intuition Authority Tenacity ANSWER: Tenacity

After watching several social media debates quickly devolve into name calling, Hayden developsa __________ using __________, or reasoning from his small number of observations to a larger generalization. On the other hand, Lindsay, who has observed the same debates, reasons from a general proposition about methods of persuasion to try to understand the interactions, using __________.

A hypothesis Induction Deduction

Scotty has no patience with social media debates about what is or is not happening in politics. He trusts one particular network, and if he hears it on that network, he knows it is true. Otherwise, it cannot be true.

Authority

In logical reasoning, ____ statements describe facts or assumptions that are presumed to be true.

Deductive Premise Consequential Foundational ANSWER: Premise

In a recent debate about a sometimes controversial scientific theory, Debater A was able to list observations that would cause her to modify the theory Debater B supported, while Debater B said nothing would cause him to change his views. This suggests that Debater B is:

Engaging in pseudoscience More highly educated Better prepared for the debate A better scientist ANSWER: Engaging in pseudoscience

Tim watches a well-known "reality" competition for fashion designers and, based on his observations of the contestants, concludes that fashion designers are prone to artificially coloring their hair and wearing long, flowing tops. Tim is engaging in:

Induction Rationalism Intuition Deduction ANSWER: Induction

Caitlyn is faced with the choice of which of two apartments she should rent. Both have similar costs, locations, size, and amenities, so she finally decides to rent the one that just feels right to her.

Intuition

Nina is about to start chemotherapy for cancer. She is aware that chemotherapy can cause vomiting and diarrhea, and therefore reasons that she, too, will experience vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following best describes Nina's reasoning?

Intuition Empiricism Deduction Induction ANSWER: Deduction

Jan decides to play the lottery because she just feels like it is her day to win. She picks the numbers based on those that feel right. Jan is relying on which of the following for her decisions?

Intuition Rationalism Empiricism Authority ANSWER: Intuition

Is it science or pseudoscience? Review the statements and check those that represent science. Check all that apply.

NO- Several parents in the support group to which Melynda belongs tell her that if she removes wheat, dairy, sugar, and artificial flavors and colors from her three-year-old son's diet, his symptoms of autism will be markedly reduced. They tell her the reason mainstream medicine claims these approaches do not work is that neither physicians nor drug companies can make money from them. NO- Royce has seen advertisements about brain-building games that are "based on" neuroscience. While the website does, indeed, use a lot of neuroscience jargon, he cannot find any evidence of the games themselves having been submitted to any scientific evaluation. YES- Ami has been diagnosed with early skin cancer. She goes to the website of the National Cancer Institute to see what kinds of treatment have been shown to be effective by randomized clinical trials.

Peggy is fascinated by the patterns between diet and behavior in children. She is surprised to learn that, when several researchers tried to repeat a small study of the impact of a gluten- and casein-free diet on the behavior of children with autism, they found the diet failed to produce statistically significant behavioral changes. This process of repeating experiments is known as:

Objectification Observation Replication Peer-review ANSWER: Replication

The primary distinction between quantitative and qualitative research is that quantitative research typically:

Produces numerical scores Involves extensive note-taking Produces narrative reports Involves listening and interpreting ANSWER: Produces numerical scores

Jina likes to weigh things out before making decisions. She is prone to creating lists of pros and cons and making choices on the basis of reasoning things out.

Rationalism

Sara relies on news from a network known to have an extremely liberal slant, and Constance relies on news from a network known to have an extremely conservative slant. No matter what has occurred, it seems as though their takes are diametrically opposed and completely irreconcilable. Both Sara and Constance are relying on the method of:

Rationalism Empiricism Authority Tenacity ANSWER: Authority

A drawback of the method of tenacity is that it:

Requires adherence to specific religious doctrine Does not allow for the correction of erroneous ideas Tends to be extremely flexible and rapidly changing Is nearly always counter-intuitive ANSWER: Does not allow for the correction of erroneous ideas

Marta assures her friend Sara, who is 41 weeks pregnant and enduring a miserably hot, humid summer, with no sign of the baby being ready to be born, that everyone knows eating a salad made with spinach, blackberries, and walnuts will stimulate labor.

Tenacity

Which method of acquiring knowledge can be time consuming and sometimes even dangerous?

Tenacity Authority Intuition Empiricism ANSWER: Empiricism

Identify methods and procedures.

Select a design

Decide on the general approach.

Select a strategy

Deeply religious individuals may defer to their religious leaders for all types of decisions, including those that seem unrelated to religion. This method of acquiring knowledge, called the method of faith, is a variant of which method?

Empiricism Tenacity Authority Rationalism ANSWER: Authority

Come up with a tentative answer.

Form a hypothesis

When the scientific method is being used, which of the following describes the characteristics or conditions that change or have different values for different individuals?

Identifiers Qualities Variables Factors ANSWER: Variables

Jared relies on looking out the window to decide what the day's weather will be like. Jared is relying on which method?

Tenacity Authority Empiricism Intuition ANSWER: Empiricism

In the context of science, a statement that describes or explains a relationship between or among variables is called:

A corollary A deduction A hypothesis A theory ANSWER: A hypothesis

Russell is shopping for a new car, and when he walks into the showroom, he notices huge monitors playing endorsements by famous athletes. He recognizes that reliance on the method of ____ is a common advertising ploy.

Tenacity Intuition Empiricism Authority ANSWER: Authority

Angela likes to try to reason things out and often creates lists of pros and cons to aid her in making decisions. Angela is using the method of:

Authority Rationalism Empiricism Tenacity ANSWER: Rationalism