psy 309

The three-term contingency is often represented by the letters ____.

ABC

John, "Mr. Anxiety," finally musters up the courage to ask the beautiful and popular Carole to go to the movies. She finds the idea so ridiculous that she laughs out loud the instant he has gotten the question out. John's face turns the color of a steamed lobster. Refer to Mr. Anxiety. A week later John bumps into Carole on campus, feels his face turn red and recalls with embarrassment their earlier encounter. Carole has become a ____.

CS for blushing

self awareness means

Observation of our behavior

Verbal behavior is governed by the ____.

law of effect

Harriet gives a monkey a choice between two blocks of wood, one rough and the other smooth. If the animal selects the rough block, it receives a raisin; if it picks the smooth one, it receives nothing. When the animal regularly picks the rough block, Harriet gives the animal a choice between the rough block of wood and a new block of wood that is even rougher than the first. You predict that the monkey will ____.

pick the new, very rough block

Although recent research has identified numerous variables that can affect behavior maintained by negative reinforcement, questions remain concerning the potential aspects of the demand context that evoke problem behavior. To date, few studies have examined these questions within general education classrooms. The current study assessed the influence of social and task-difficulty variables on problem behavior maintained by negative reinforcement. Teachers in general education classrooms implemented three analyses to determine the influence of these variables on the problem behavior of 4 boys. Results are discussed in terms of response covariation within the demand context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved

problem behavior maintained by negative reinforcement

If B1/(B1+B2) = 0, then this means the subject never exhibited the _____(B1 or B2)behavior ?

B1

Identify the schedule that arranges a reinforcer for a response if a minimum time has elapsed since the last response

DRL

If seeing that a lecture period has ended is a reinforcer, then looking at one's watch is reinforced according to which schedule?

Fl

If R1/(R1+R2) = 0, then all reinforcers came from alternative ____ (R1 or R2).

R1

Identify the schedule that arranges a reinforcer for a response if a random time has elapsed since some event

VI

Identify the schedule that arranges a reinforcer for the last of a constant number of responses

VI

A person who says, "Everyone knows that...." is referring to ____.

anecdotal evidence

Mr. Anxiety John, "Mr. Anxiety," finally musters up the courage to ask the beautiful and popular Carole to go to the movies. She finds the idea so ridiculous that she laughs out loud the instant he has gotten the question out. John's face turns the color of a steamed lobster. Refer to Mr. Anxiety. Oafish Bill (John's twin brother) has heard nothing of John's unfortunate encounter with Carole, and he decides to ask her out. Just as he approaches her she bursts into laughter, apparently in response to a joke someone just told. Bill immediately pops the question and she politely declines, having decided to join a convent at the end of the semester. A week later Bill bumps into Carole on campus but feels no particular embarrassment. The pairing of Bill's request for a date and Carole's laughter is most likely an example of ____.

backward conditioning

graph showing two inch individual lines showing uphill towards the top right shows

both effect and control

design with individual lines about an inch long looking like stairs on a graph

changing criterion

A defining feature of relational frames that refers to the ability to combine mutually related events into a relational network under forms of contextual control that can include arbitrary contextual cues is _________________.

combinatorial entailment

If you wanted to produce a high magnitude CR in a very short amount of time, you should use.....

delay conditioning

if you wanted to produce a high magnitude CR in a very short amount of time, you should use...

delay conditioning

When Little Joey, now six months old, cries, Martha can tell what he needs even before she goes to him. Martha's skill is an example of ____.

discrimination

Red Triangle: Peck : Food Pecking is _____ by the pigeon.

emitted

Red Triangle: Peck : Food Pecking is _____ by the red triangle.

evoked

Differential reinforcement is best used in combination with ____.

extinction

If you are using a high dose of heroin, you should make sure to use it in a new environment.

false

SD: A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will not be reinforced or will be punished

false

SΔ: any stimulus with a discriminative function

false

The disagreements about free will and determinism can be resolved when we gather enough data

false

The following is an example of a aversive stimulus : an electric shock

false

The following is an example of an SD : in the presence of a purple light a lion has been provided food contingent on sitting still thereby increasing the probability of sitting still in the presence of the purple light. the purple light is an SD

false

The following is an example of mutual entailment In the presence of ∇ a child was trained to pick ∃. In the presence of ∇ the child was also trained to pick ∠. Later in the presence of ∃ the child picked ∠ . ∃ = ∠

false

Billy sometimes teased Marsha about her weight. One day this angered Marsha so that she slapped Billy in the face. She continued doing this whenever Billy teased her. As a result of this relation, Billy teased Marsha about her weight more often than he ever had before she began slapping him. In this case, slapping is an aversive stimulus

fasle

Every time Sniffy presses the lever when the light is preesent, he gets peanut butter. This is an example of:

fixed ratio

every 60 seconds, if sniffy presses the lever he gets a nugget of food. this is an example of

fixed ratio

Jack and Jill go up a hill to fetch a pail of water. Jack falls down and breaks his crown and Jill thinks he may have suffered a concussion. To test his memory, she asks him if he remembers what happened.

free recall

Teenagerus Americanus, a two-legged ape indigenous to North America, breaks out in a cold sweat whenever exposed to elevator music. This reaction is most likely ____.

learned behavior

Old Red Eyes, a rat with a long history of participating in operant studies, enters the operant chamber and hears an annoying tone. He roams around the chamber for a minute or two, then presses the lever & the tone stops for 10 seconds. The next time he hears the tone, he presses the lever within about 30 seconds and the tone stops for 10 seconds. This continues, until finally Old Red Eyes is pressing the lever within 0.5 seconds of the start of the tone. This is an example of

negative reinforcement

graph shows? (constant line with ups and downs)

neither effect or control

Learning is a change in behavior due to experience. In observational learning, the experience consists of ____.

observing a model

Insightful problem solving is best viewed as an example of ____.

operant learning

Forgetting is the deterioration of ____.

performance

Billy sometimes teased Marsha about her weight. One day this angered Marsha so that she slapped Billy in the face. She continued doing this whenever Billy teased her. As a result of this relation, Billy teased Marsha about her weight more often than he ever had before she began slapping him. this is an example of

positive reinforcement

delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to ____

reduce its effectiveness

Modal action patterns are induced by events called ____.

releasers

Farmer Gable had a problem with motorcyclists riding across his meadow land, tearing up sod and frightening his cattle. He installed barbed wire fencing in the area and no longer had a problem. Gable's approach is best described as an example of ____.

response prevention

The first step in building a behavior chain is to do a/an ____

task analysis

In an elementary school classroom research was conducted to study the effects of teacher behavior on student behavior. During one phase of the study, the teacher began disapproving of the students' disruptive behaviors when they occurred. This resulted in an increase in the level of disruptive behaviors. Which of the following is an accurate statement

the childrens disruptive behaviors were positively reinforced

Willpower is not a good explanation of behavior because ____.

the evidence for willpower is usually the behavior it is supposed to explain

When Tiggy, the cat, first moved in with us he didn't do very much except sit under the sofa (he was from a home with 2 young cats, 2 golden retrivers, and a toddler). The previous owners told us that Tiggy prefers to drink from a running tap instead of a bowl. We used a shaping procedure involving access to a treat (i.e., access to running tap water) contingent upon moving toward the bathroom door and meowing. Now Tiggy is meowing at the bathroom at least 5 or 6 time a day. The reinforcer for Tiggy's behavior is: ________.

the running water

When disciplining their son, Jacob, Mr. and Ms Grinch begin with an extremely mild form of punishment and gradually increase its strength if the offenses continue. This procedure is likely to result in ____.

the use of excessively strong aversive

The following is an example of combinatorial entailment In the presence of ∇ a child was trained to pick ∃. In the presence of ∇ the child was also trained to pick ∠. Later in the presence of ∃ the child picked ∠ . ∃ = ∠

treu

Free-operant behavior is behavior that may be emitted at any time and can be modified by its consequences.

true

The disagreements about punishment and reinforcement can be resolved when we gather enough data.

true

The following is an example of VI schedule of reinforcement : approximately every 4 minutes a pigeon is given food contingent on a key peck

true

The following is an example of a dependent variable: the rate of lever pressing when examining the effects of different schedules of reinforcement. The rate of lever pressing is a dependent variable

true

The following is an example of adjunctive behavior: scheduled-induced polydipsia

true

The following is an example of an SD : in the presence of a purple light a lion has been provided food contingent on sitting still thereby increasing the probability of sitting still in the presence of the purple light. the purple light is an SD

true

The following is an example of negative reinforcement : removing shock contingent upon lever pressing thereby increasing the probability of lever pressing

true

This statement is consistent with the basic assumptions of this class: References to unobservable phenomena (e.g., hypothetical constructs such as schema) should be avoided.

true

This statement is consistent with the basic assumptions of this class: Theories are good to the extent they allow prediction and control

true

the following is an example of a noxious stimulus

true

old Red Eyes, a rat with a long history of participating in operant studies, enters the operant chamber and hears an annoying tone. He roams around the chamber for a minute or two, then presses the lever & the tone stops for 10 seconds. The next time he hears the tone, he presses the lever within about 30 seconds and the tone stops for 10 seconds. This continues, until finally Old Red Eyes is pressing the lever within 0.5 seconds of the start of the tone.

unconditioned

Which is not an example of an establishing operation?

your coin in the vending machine produces a soft drink

If R1/(R1+ R2) = 1, then the value of R2 must be ______.

zero