PSY 3314 Exam 2 Concepts
The Two Fundamental Perspectives on Motivation Theories
Content theories and process theories. 1. Content theories identify internal factors such as needs and satisfaction that energize employee motivation 2. Process theories explain the process by which internal factors and situational factors influence employee motivationIt's important to understand both motivational perspectives because they offer different solutions for handling motivational problems.
Motivation
Derives from the Latin word movere, meaning "to move." In the present context, motivation describes the psychological processes that underlie the direction, intensityand persistence of behavior or thought. Direction pertains to what an individual is attending to at a given time, intensity represents the amount of effort being invested in the activity, and persistence represents for how long that activity is the focus of one's attention.
Types of Motivation
Extrinsic and intrinsic. 1. Extrinsic motivation results from the potential or actual receipt of external rewards. Extrinsic rewards such as recognition, money, or a promotion represent a payoff we receive from others for performing a particular task - For example, in 2018 Southwest Airlines paid its employees $million in profit-sharing bonuses, increasing every employee's annual compensation by nearly 10.8 percent. This is the 45th consecutive year that the airline has paid out profit-sharing bonuses to employees. - According to Southwest CEO Gary KellyOur people are our greatest asset and they deserve all the credit for our continued success." Such recognition from management is certainly a motivating factor for Southwest workers. 2. Intrinsic motivation occurs when an individual is inspired by the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well, rather than being dependent on external factors (such as incentive pay or compliments from the boss) for the motivation to work effectively. We create our own intrinsic motivation by giving ourselves intrinsic rewards such as positive emotions, satisfactionand self-praise. - Consider the intrinsic motivation of Millennials Kory and Mallory Stevens, who started the Taft shoc company out of their apartment several years agoThey were recently named to Forbes 30-under-30 list of people to watch in the coming years for their passion, motivationand entrepreneurship. Per the company website Taft continues to grow, our vision for the brand remains the samewe believe in making beautiful shoes at beautiful prices and offering the best service and value possible." With NBA ballers James Harden and Dwayne Wade, as well as action star Dwayne Johnson as super fans, this dynamic couple has turned athletes and celebrities into shoe ambassadors via social media and are motivated to continue their success.
Content Theories
Most content theories of motivation are based on the idea that an employee's needs influence his or her motivation. Content theorists ask, "What are the different needs that activate motivation's directionintensity and persistence ?Needs are defined as physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior. They can be strong or weak and are influenced by environmental factors . This tells you that human needs vary over time and place. Content theories include : McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. Maslow's need hierarchy theory Acquired needs theory Self -determination theory Herzberg's motivator - theory