PSY 4049 module 5 psychology exist assessment quiz on citing sources in APA style OBOJOBO assignment review/study guide.

Guidelines for Integrating Sources

How you integrate paraphrased material into your writing is an important consideration when citing sources. In some cases, you will apply the basic styles shown on the previous page where you discuss an individual source, and then add the parenthetical citation. However, in other cases you may want to discuss a group of sources that relate to a specific point you are discussing. When you synthesize ideas from multiple sources, you can include each of the source citations in one set of parentheses, as shown in the following example. Example Research about the concept of information overload spans topics linked to sensory overload, communication overload, and knowledge overload (Eppler & Mengis, 2010; Hunt & Newman, 1997; Meier, 1963).

APA Publication Manual

The guidelines in this module can be found in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition (2010), also called the APA Manual. The APA Manual provides instructions on how to prepare research papers and how to create reference entries and parenthetical citations to cite sources.

5 pieces of information required to cite a WEB PAGE

URL author or corporate author retrieval date web page title

the 6 elements that are required for an print version of a journal article

36(1), Nelson, M.R. (2008). The hidden persuaders: then and now. 113-126 the journal of advertising

Jackson has almost completed his paper on the role of women in the 2011 Egyptian uprising. Now all he has to complete is the reference list that he will include at the end of his paper. How should this list be arranged?

Alphabetically by the first author's last name, and for references without an author, the entry should begin with the title. Correct. The APA Manual requires that you list reference entries alphabetically beginning with the first author's last name.

Angela is including the paraphrased sentence below in her research paper: Authors Kirszner and Mandell (2002) explain that thinking critically as you read involves assessing a writer's credibility and evaluating the ideas you encounter. Did she use parenthetical citations correctly?

She used the parenthetical citation correctly because the sentence includes the authors' names. Correct. When an author's last name is included as part of an introductory sentence about the source, it is not included in the parenthetical citation.

Choose the answer that includes the required information for an APA reference entry for an electronic copy of a journal article that includes a DOI.

author, publication date, article title, journal title, volume, issue (if required), page numbers, DOI Correct. Many scholarly journal articles now have a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) that should be included.

Choose the answer that includes the required information for an APA reference entry for an electronic copy of a scholarly journal article that does not include a DOI.

author, publication date, article title, journal title, volume, issue (if required), pages and the URL for the journal homepage Correct. A reference entry for a scholarly article accessed from a library database that does not have a DOI should include all of the information shown.

Required Elements and Formatting Some electronic or online versions of journal articles do not include a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), so you will need to cite them a little differently. To cite a scholarly article retrieved from a library database that does not include a DOI,

follow the normal print format and add the following at the end of the entry: Retrieved from URL of the journal homepage.

This module is designed to provide an overview of APA references and parenthetical citations for citing books, print and online journal articles and web pages. Creating reference entries and parenthetical citations is important to avoid plagiarism and to accurately document any outside ideas and quotes that you include in your writing. Since there are many types of sources you may need to cite, it is essential that you consult the APA Manual, 6th ed. (2010) for detailed instructions about specific formatting guidelines and to see specific examples. If you have questions about using APA styles, identifying and locating sources or using research tools, please contact the library for assistance. Library hours are posted on the library web site (http://library.ucf.edu). To get assistance at the library, you can also: Consult library Research Guides - guides list suggested resources by subject areas (http://guides.ucf.edu) Stop by the Research & Information Desk - librarians provide in-person assistance in the Knowledge Commons at the main library Schedule a research consultation - one-hour appointments can be scheduled with a librarian to answers research questions (http://library.ucf.edu/Reference/ResearchConsultations/Default.php) Contact the Ask A Librarian service - ask questions via chat, text, email or by phone (http://library.ucf.edu/Ask)

Getting Help

APA guidelines state "it is not necessary to include database information" as part of the citation (p. 192). Instead, the requirement is to provide the URL of the journal homepage. This means that when you retrieve an online journal article from a library database that does not include a DOI,

you will need to do a web search to find the URL for the journal homepage to include it in the citation. Some professors may prefer that you always include the database information and some may have other guidelines for you to follow. The best policy is to talk to your professor and ask about the citation requirements you should follow. A reference entry for an online journal article retrieved from a library database that does not include a DOI includes the following information and should be formatted as shown below: Author, A.A. (Publication Date). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue, if required), pages. Retrieved from URL of the journal homepage On the next screen, you will have a chance to create a reference entry for an electronic journal article retrieved from a library database that does not include a DOI. First, you will drag and drop the required information for the entry from the graphic to the bottom of the screen. Next, you will format the elements in the correct order.

Choose the answer that includes the required information for an APA reference entry for a book.

author(s), publication date, title, publisher information Correct. These are the basic elements required in a reference entry for a book.

Integrating quotes into your writing is also an important consideration. Relevant quotes should support your interpretation of a topic or a specific point, and they should provide an example of your analysis for the reader. First, include an introductory sentence to connect the quote to the point you are making. Then add the quote in quotations and provide a follow up sentence or two that gives your analysis of the quote and how it pertains to your point. This structure should clearly convey the relevance of the quote and also demonstrate what you derived from it. Also, when you quote, the parenthetical citation must indicate the specific page where the quote is located. The following example illustrates how these elements might be structured.

Example In a discussion of information overload, Eppler and Mengis (2010) investigated four business-related fields. The authors note that "the big question with regard to effects of information overload is whether and how it impacts decision accuracy, decision time, and general performance" (p. 331). Future research to investigate the scope of the potential impact of these areas on performance is needed. However, the impact may be offset by providing individuals with the right tools to improve their time and information management. The authors suggest that an interdisciplinary research approach may be beneficial since it may help us better understand the effect of prolonged information overload on employees and organizations.

Creating APA citations is a two-step process.

Step 1 -- Start by creating a new page titled References. Center the title at the top of the page, include a one-inch top margin and place the page at the end of your paper. On this page, create a list of entries that includes each source you used to write your paper. (Some citation styles title this page Works Cited or Bibliography.) Entries on the References page are listed alphabetically by the first author's last name. For works with no author listed, entries usually begin with the title of the book or title of the article. Each APA reference entry should be double-spaced. The first line of each entry should begin at the left margin and all subsequent lines should be indented 5 spaces or 1/2 inch - this is called a hanging indent. The information included in each reference entry provides your readers with the details they need to locate the source. The example below shows a reference entry for a book. The example includes the basic information required for a reference entry. For other types of sources, such as journal articles or web pages, additional information is usually required. The basic information for an entry should include: author's name(s), publication date, title of work, publisher's location, and the publisher's name. Notice that entries include a combination of upper and lower case text and also use italicized text depending on the type of source you are citing. Example Ely, C., & Scott, I. (2007). Essential study skills. Edinburgh, New York: Mosby-Elsevier. Note: Examples in this module may not show the exact alignment and spacing required for reference entries and parenthetical citations due to varying screen dimensions.

The next step is creating APA parenthetical citations.

Step 2 -- Each source listed on your References page should include a corresponding parenthetical citation within the text of your paper. Parenthetical citations should be added whenever you include a quote and paraphrased or summarized text or ideas to point your readers to the details listed on the References page. Sometimes parenthetical citations are called in-text citations or parenthetical documentation. The examples below show formats for basic APA parenthetical citations. Parenthetical citations are often placed at the end of a sentence and are added before the closing punctuation. They usually include the author's last name and the publication year of the source. If you are using a direct quote, the parenthetical citation should include the author's name(s), publication year and page number where the quote is located. Keep in mind that the information required in a parenthetical citation will vary and may also depend on the type of source you are citing and if the entry on your References page is listed by author or by title. Parenthetical citations may also be added within the text of a paper near to where a source is discussed. Examples of basic formats Using interactive media in online learning offers many benefits (Howard, 2007). A style guide provides useful information to help in preparing research papers and other nonfiction writing (Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 2010). The authors note that "the big question with regard to effects of information overload is whether and how it impacts decision accuracy, decision time, and general performance" (Eppler & Mengis, 2010, p. 331).

Required Elements and Formatting The APA requirements for citing an electronic version of a scholarly journal article have recently changed. Most articles accessed online now have a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), which is

a unique number assigned to a specific journal article. DOI's were added to make it easier to access online articles. To use a DOI to locate a specific article, enter or copy and paste the DOI into the search box on the crossref.org or DOI.org web sites. Since DOI's are rather long, it is recommended that you copy and paste them. In this module, you will see how to cite an article retrieved from a library database that includes a DOI and one that does not include a DOI. A reference entry for an electronic version of a scholarly journal article with a DOI includes the following information and should be formatted as shown below: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Publication Date). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue, if required), pages. doi:0000000/000000000000

Choose the answer that includes the required information for an APA reference entry for a web page.

author, publication date, Web page title, month, day, year information was retrieved, web page URL Correct. Since web page information can change, all of the information shown is required for an APA reference entry.

Required Elements and Formatting Citing web pages may involve some extra fact finding. Often, web pages do not provide as much information as called for in the APA guidelines. In such cases, always

include as much information as possible and follow APA guidelines for the general entry format as closely as possible to allow your readers to locate the sources. APA guidelines state that you "do not include retrieval dates unless the source material may change over time..."(p. 192). Since web pages often do change, the examples in this module include retrieval (access) dates for web citations. Please check with your professors to find out how they would like you to apply APA guidelines for citing web documents. The general form for a reference entry for a web document should include the following information and be formatted as shown below: Author, A. A. (Publication Date). Title of web page. Retrieved Month day, year, from web page address Sometimes a web page does not include individual authors, and it may be necessary to substitute a corporate author(s) in the citation. Also, some web pages do not include a publication date or the date when the information was last updated. If an individual author is not given, start the entry with the corporate author. If a publication date or the date of the most recent changes are not provided, substitute (n.d.), which indicates no date as shown in the following entry: Corporate Author. (n.d.). Title of web page. Retrieved Month day, year, from web page address

So far we have been discussing how to format references entries and parenthetical citations. For the rest of the module, you will see examples and practice constructing reference entries for books, journal articles and web pages. Required Elements and Formatting

A basic reference entry for a book includes the following information and should be formatted as shown below: Author, A. A. (Publication Date). Book title. (xth ed.). Publisher Location: Name of Publisher. If the book you are citing has more than one edition, include the edition number. The edition number should be added after the title and placed inside parentheses as shown in the examples. Example Strunk, W., White, E. B., & Angell, R. (1999). The elements of style (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Note: The examples in this module do not show the exact alignment and spacing for each reference entry. APA references are always double-spaced. The first line of an APA reference entry should be flush with the left margin, and all subsequent lines should be indented 5 spaces or 1/2 inch. On the next screen, you will have a chance to create a reference entry for a book. First, you will drag and drop each of the required elements for the entry from the graphic to the bottom of the screen. Next, you will format the elements in the correct order.

Required Elements and Formatting: A reference entry for a print version of a scholarly journal article includes the following information and should be formatted as shown below:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Publication Date). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue, if required), pages. Note: The issue number of a journal article is not always included in the citation. You should include the issue number if every issue of the journal begins with page 1. If a journal uses continuous pagination, you do not need to include the issue number in the citation. In this module, you will see examples where the issue number is included and some where it is not included.

Choose the answer that correctly identifies how you credit sources in your writing using APA style.

Cite information about sources on the References page and within the text. Correct. Citing sources is a two-step process that involves adding details about a source on the References page (reference entry) and within the text of your paper (parenthetical citations).

Citing to Avoid Plagiarism

Citing sources is the way that you identify any outside information you use in your writing. Anytime you use someone else's text or ideas, you must acknowledge the original source to avoid plagiarism. Academic work often builds on information written by other authors, and to properly use someone else's words or ideas it is required that you cite the source. When you cite, you are clearly identifying the outside sources you use in your work and you are giving credit to the original author(s). Citing also provides readers with the details they need to locate a source. Therefore, whenever you are quoting, paraphrasing or synthesizing someone else's ideas alongside your own, you must cite the source of those ideas. If you use your own ideas, opinions or conclusions, you do not need to cite them. You also do not need to cite information that is considered common knowledge such as facts or dates. For example, if you write that Canada borders the United States and this is a well-known fact to your audience, you aren't required to cite that information.

Another consideration relates to the information included in a parenthetical citation, and this often depends on whether or not you include the author's name(s) as part of an introductory sentence for the source. The example below illustrates a parenthetical citation that includes only the publication year because the author's names are included as part of an introductory sentence. If you do not include the author's name(s) as part of the sentence, you would simply use the basic parenthetical citation format shown on the previous page.

Example In a discussion of information overload, Eppler and Mengis (2010) investigated four business-related fields. Their conclusions suggest that an interdisciplinary research approach may be beneficial since it may help us better understand the effect of prolonged information overload on employees and organizations.

Eleonora has found several sources that will be useful for her paper on the health risks of red dye in food. She found several book chapters, a government report and several articles. She knows she needs to cite sources in her paper, but she's unclear about how to begin. How can she learn what pieces of information to include in the reference list for each citation?

She can look in the APA Manual to see what elements to include for each source and the format for each one. Correct. The APA Manual provides detailed descriptions and examples for citing various types of sources.

Citation Styles

To properly cite sources, you apply guidelines given in a specific style manual. There are several different citation styles and each one is associated with an academic discipline. Check with your professors to find out which style is required for a course. Once you know the style, simply follow the rules and examples given in that style manual. Some frequently used styles are listed below, and copies of these and other style manuals are available in the reference area of the library and online. AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (American Medical Association) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (Modern Language Association)

Which of the following describes when you need to include a parenthetical citation and a citation in the reference list?

When you use someone else's ideas in your paper, even if you reword them. Correct. When you reword or paraphrase text or ideas, you must cite the source to clearly identify the outside sources you use in your work and to give credit to the original author(s).

Formatting Citations

Examples in this module illustrate how to use reference entries and parenthetical citations to cite basic sources that include books, journal articles in both print and electronic (online) versions, and web pages. It is recommended that you consult a copy of the APA Manual to apply specific guidelines to the many other types of sources you may need to cite such as dissertations, conference proceedings, interviews, blogs, etc.

Choose the answer that shows how to correctly include an APA parenthetical citation in your work.

To properly cite sources, you apply guidelines given in a specific style manual (Johnson, 2008). Correct. APA parenthetical citations are always placed inside parentheses and are usually added before the final punctuation at the end of a sentence.

Micah just received feedback from her professor on the draft of her paper. The professor made note of the fact that several sources in the reference list are not included in her paper. Is this a problem?

Yes, each source you use should have an entry on the References page and a parenthetical citation within your paper. Correct. Citing sources is a two-step process that includes adding a parenthetical or in-text citation within the text and an entry that includes details about the source on the References page.

Selma is writing a paper for her political science class on the attempted assassination of President Reagan in 1981. She finds some relevant information on the web that she can summarize for her paper. Will Selma need to cite this information?

Yes, whether she uses the exact wording or summarizes the text. Correct. When you cite, you are clearly identifying the outside sources you use in your work and you are giving credit to the original author(s).

the selected elements for APA citation

cho, S.M. & Rifon, N.J. Journal of popular culture who is celebrity in advertising? understanding dimensions of celebrity images 304-324 40, doi:10.11/j. 1540-5931. 2007. 00380.x (2007).

The elements for APA citation

pop culture florida. sarasota, FL pineapple press (2000). Goss, J.P.

the 7 elements that are required for an electronic version of a journal article that does not include a digital object identifier (DOI)

retrieved from http://www.iabc.com/cw/ communication world, television minus advertising, 11-13 (2006) fernando, A. 23(6)