PSY 470 Quiz Questions (Exam 1)
Which disease is the number one cause of death in the U.S.? Selected Answer:a. cardiovascular diseaseAnswers:a. cardiovascular diseaseb. lung cancerc. obesityd. colon cancere. diabetes
A
Which of the following is a cardiovascular problem that is a result of chronic stress? Selected Answer:a. Blood tends to clot more easily.Answers:a. Blood tends to clot more easily.b. Blood pressure decreases.c. Heart rate drops.d. Low levels of interleukins cause inflammation.e. Arteries leading to the heart muscle dilate.
A
The impact of long-term stress on the immune system is _____. Selected Answer:c. profoundAnswers:a. moderateb. negligiblec. profoundd. minore. erratic
C
Stress is a coupled action of the body and mind, involving appraisal of a _____. Selected Answer:c. threatAnswers:a. problemb. painc. threatd. new situatione. terror
C
African Americans tend to experience higher stress levels than White Americans, a finding that suggests race/ethnicity predisposes them to a greater vulnerability and/or lowered ability to respond to stress. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
F
Cognitive distortion occurs when thoughts are magnified out of proportion to their seriousness, resulting in excess stress. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
T
Medium-term stress can result in an array of issues that the sufferer is unaware are stress related, including muscle pain, impotence, headaches, and fatigue. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
T
Ultimately, we do not have the power to control anyone else. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
T
When we sense any kind of danger, our body's natural way to survive it is the fight-or-flight response. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
T
Mental stress increases oxygen demand because blood pressure and heart rate are elevated. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
T
Physiological changes that result from sympathetic nervous system activation include _____. a. increased heart rate b. increased salivation c. increased digestion d. decreased blood pressure e. decreased oxygen to the brain
a
Which stress assessment tool incorporates physical, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and social aspects of health for a balanced assessment? a. Ardell Wellness Stress Test b. Perceived Stress Scale c. Student Stress Scaled. d. Inventory of College Students' Recent Life Experiencese. e. Tombstone Test
a
During which stage of the general adaptation syndrome does the body no longer function normally due to chronic activation of the stress response? a. alarm stage b. homeostasis stage c. exhaustion stage d. autonomic stage e. resistance stage
c
On average, adults have a heart rate of approximately _____ beats per minute. a. 40-50 b. 60-70 c. 70-80 d. 90-100 e. 100-110
c
The single purpose for the stress response in humans is to _____. experience maximum comfort engage with other humans survive physical danger obtain adequate food
c
The single purpose for the stress response in humans is to _____. a. prosper economically b. obtain adequate food c. survive physical danger d. engage as a community e. experience comfort
c
During which stage of the general adaptation syndrome are several body systems activated to prepare the body for action? a. autonomic stage b. homeostasis stage c. alarm stage d. resistance stage e. exhaustion stage
c
According to the 2012 CIRP Freshman Survey, women are more likely than men to report feeling overwhelmed True False
true
In addition to taking an inventory of stressful events, another way to measure stress is to evaluate the frequency of exposure to the various stressors. True False
true
It is important to measure both state and trait stress, because some people might be high on one index and low on another at any given time. True False
true
People who are exposed to extremely stressful events as children tend to be particularly vulnerable to stress as adults True False
true
The first step in developing a plan to reduce and manage stress is assessment. \ True False
true
tend-and-befriend response
A theory that asserts that women naturally respond differently to a stressful situation than men
self-limiting beliefs
Faulty beliefs that a person does not have the ability to carry out a specific task
A way of speaking that helps you boost your feelings of control simply by changing the words you use is called _____. Selected Answer:a. power languageAnswers:a. power languageb. conditioned verbalizationc. going with the flowd. thought-stoppinge. learned optimism
A
According to psychologist Martin Seligman, we have a choice about how we think. We can develop a set of skills to challenge automatic negative thoughts. This is called _____. Selected Answer:a. learned optimismAnswers:a. learned optimismb. power languagec. positive self-talkd. cognitive loade. rational emotive behavior
A
Benedict, a sophomore, pre-med major, finds himself thinking "I will never do well enough in these required courses to get into med school." He is engaging in _____. Selected Answer:a. self-limiting beliefsAnswers:a. self-limiting beliefsb. cognitive restructuringc. questioning realityd. phased-out thinkinge. positive perceptions
A
The information overload generated by 24/7 access to the Internet, mobile phones, Twitter, Facebook, and e-mail has had an impact on stress that is referred to as ____________________. technostress distress discostress culturestress internetstress
A
Which system is suppressed as a result of the stress response? Selected Answer:a. immune systemAnswers:a. immune systemb. endocrine systemc. respiratory systemd. nervous systeme. circulatory system
A
The most critical aspect in preventing unnecessary and unhealthy stress is _____. Selected Answer:a. perceptionAnswers:a. perceptionb. genetic makeupc. social trainingd. physical exercisee. one's environment
A
The author estimates that in reality most Americans are in actual danger _____ percent of the time. Selected Answer:b. less than 1Answers:a. over 50b. less than 1c. about 40d. 5-10e. about 25
B
Whenever we sense a potential for pain or danger of any kind—emotional, social, spiritual, or physical—our body reacts in its perfect way to help us _____. Selected Answer:b. survive the threatAnswers:a. anticipate a future threatb. survive the threatc. remain calmd. fix the probleme. change how we think
B
Which dimension of health is the focus of this chapter? Selected Answer:e. physicalAnswers:a. socialb. intellectualc. spirituald. emotionale. physical
B
The characteristics of a hardy individual are _____. Selected Answer:d. commitment, challenge, and controlAnswers:a. candor, courage, and controlb. compassion, commitment, and controlc. creativity, courage, and compassiond. commitment, challenge, and controle. confidence, commitment, and collaboration
D
Cognitive restructuring is sometimes referred to as _____. Selected Answer:e. reframingAnswers:a. cognitive distortionb. locus of controlc. self-limiting beliefsd. self-efficacye. reframing
E
fight-or-flight response
The body's automatic response when threat or danger is perceived
sympathetic nervous system
The branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for initiating the fight-or-flight response
Sleep studies show that one of the reasons sleep is so important is that we are "immune" to the effects of stress once we fall asleep and so during this time we are able to recover from the stress of the day and awake refreshed. True False
false
Stress which occurs before an infant can truly form memories and recall stressful events is unlikely to have any lasting effects. True False
false
The pituitary gland produces the stress hormone cortisol. True False
false
Your textbook will cover three major approaches to dealing with stress. These are 1) eliminate the stressor; 2) change your thinking; and 3) ignore the stress. True False
false
The autonomic nervous system is that portion of the nervous system over which a person has complete control. True False
false
The majority of today's stressors demand that we either run from them or fight them. True False
false
According to your textbook, the top 2 reported impediments to academic performance (according to the American College Health Association) are stress, and anxiety. True False
true
Because no single survey can adequately capture the numerous domains and dimensions of stress, the results from several assessments are needed to give you a fuller understanding of your stress level. True False
true
Stress can be stimulating and helpful, providing opportunities for learning and growth. True False
true
The parasympathetic nervous system functions to return the body to a state of homeostasis after the fight-or-flight response has been activated. True False
true
The work of Richard Lazarus shows that daily hassles, or relatively small everyday incidents (e.g., arguments) can add up to more distress than major life stressors. True False
true
Your reaction to the events in your life, rather than the actual events, determines whether the outcomes will be stressful or not. True False
true
homeostasis
A state of physiological and emotional balance
self-efficacy
The belief in one's ability to accomplish a goal or change a behavior
parasympathetic nervous system
The branch of the autonomic nervous system designed to return the body to homeostasis following the stress response
cognitive restructuring
The mental act of changing the meaning or interpretation of an environmental stressor
general adaptation syndrome
The three-stage process in which the body tries to adapt to stress
cognitive disortion
When perceptions become distorted or magnified out of proportion to their seriousness
cognition
A mental process that consists of thinking and reasoning skills
Overall, college students describe relationship difficulties with their families, friends, and romantic partners as the greatest impediment to their academic performance True False
false
Regardless of whether stress is acute, episodic, or chronic, the effects on health are approximately the same. True False
false
cognitive appraisal
Interpretation of a stressor
Accepting situations we cannot control is also known as _____. Selected Answer:b. going with the flowAnswers:a. scapegoatingb. going with the flowc. attachmentd. resisting what ise. not being willing to see things clearly
B
Conditions that have a mind and body component are called _____. Selected Answer:b. psychosomaticAnswers:a. p sychosocialb. psychosomaticc. mental illnessd. psychologicale. physiological
B
You are driving down the highway when your tire suddenly has a blowout. What immediate reaction are you most likely to experience? eustress chronic stress acute stress episodic stress distress
C
Psychiatrist David Spiegel found that stress hormones play a role in the progression of _____ cancer. Selected Answer:c. breastAnswers:a. colonb. liverc. breastd. braine. lung
C
premature cognitive committment
Commitment to inaccurate beliefs about ourselves
Chronically high cortisol levels lead to a number of health effects including _____. Selected Answer:d. insulin resistanceAnswers:a. increased muscle contractionb. enhanced short-term memoryc. excessive immune responsed. insulin resistancee. deeper sleep patterns
D
Grinding, gnashing, or clenching teeth during sleep can be caused by stress or tension. This condition is known as _____. Selected Answer:d. bruxismAnswers:a. gingivitisb. grimacingc. salivationd. bruxisme. rumination
D
The Yerkes-Dodson principle states that ____. higher stress levels always lead to enhanced performance lower stress levels always lead to enhanced performance stress levels do not have an impact on performance stress levels that are either too high or too low can diminish performance stress levels most typically tend to diminish performance
D
According to Viktor Frankl, the one thing that can never be taken away is the last of the human freedoms, the freedom to choose one's _____ in any set of circumstances. Selected Answer:a. fateAnswers:a. fateb. environmentc. teachersd. physiological reactione. attitude
E
Healthy People 2020 reports the continuing trend that among the most pressing concerns in public health associated with stress is/are _____. Selected Answer:e. mental health problemsAnswers:a. asthmab. birth defectsc. ulcerative colitisd. insomniae. mental health problems
E
Which dimension of health involves experiencing and appreciating a wide range of feelings and an ability to express these feelings in a healthy manner? physical health spiritual health social health intellectual health emotional health
E
Which factor is most important in understanding your reactions to the stressors in your life? your genetic background your living environment your power to make choices your academic success your uniqueness
E
Which statement best demonstrates internal locus of control thinking? Selected Answer:e. "Making a schedule and planning my time will help me reduce my stress levels."Answers:a. "I would get to class on time if this school provided more parking for students."b. "I am stressed because my boyfriend never asks my opinion about what we should do on a date."c. "How can I not be stressed when my parents don't give me any money for car payments?"d. "I wouldn't be so stressed if my teachers didn't give us so much homework."e. "Making a schedule and planning my time will help me reduce my stress levels."
E
The POPP formula for prevention of stress stands for _____. Selected Answer:e. point of positive perceptionAnswers:a. practice of prevention pointersb. period of preventive perceptionc. periods of perceptive positioningd. putting out paranoid perceptionse. point of positive perception
E
According to Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, both practical problems and emotional problems are nearly always out of our control. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False
F
Among the seven subcategories of levels of responding, some responses are deemed effective because they accomplish the person's desired outcome. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False
F
Cognitive restructuring substitutes our perceptions of stressors from thoughts that are non-threatening to thoughts that are threatening. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False
F
Psychosomatic diseases are not real and therefore, cannot make a person feel sick or have symptoms. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False
F
The "placebo effect" means that the treatment has no effect. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False
F
The Chinese word for 'crisis' consists of two characters—danger and chance. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
F
The essential concept in preventing stress is that only a modest number of events in life are inherently stressful. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False
F
one can only inherit the characteristics of hardiness. They are genetically passed through the parents' DNA to their children. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False
F
Individuals with a tendency to think from the perspective of an external locus of control are more likely to take responsibility for the fact that they influence what happens in their life. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False
F
student stress scale
Ideal for understanding the link between stressful events in the last year and changes in health status.
Among the seven subcategories of levels of responding, the highest level (most effective) is gratitude. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
T
An inverse relationship exists between the amount of control we feel and the corresponding amount of stress we feel. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False
T
studies show that people at risk for high stress can actually slow cell aging through exercise, meditation, prayer, or other forms of stress reduction. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
T
It is the interpretation of an event that initiates the fight-or-flight response, not the event itself. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
T
The key message of the POPP formula for stress prevention is that there is an actual point in time where a positive interpretation of a potential stressor can prevent the stress response from initiating. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
T
stress vulnerability questionnaire
This 30-item measure categorizes users in to 5 categories ranging from "excellent resistance to stress" to "poor/highly vulnerable to stress."
Tombstone test
This is not an actual stress test per se, but is an exercise to help the user identify what is important to them and how they would like to be remembered.
perceived stress scale
This scale focuses more on how the individual feels or reacts to the stress they endorse.
Sonam has wanted to be a doctor since he was eight. But now, as a pre-medical student, he is finding the weekly problem sets and quizzes in his biochemistry class a source of great stress and little success, and he is only one month into the school year. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is he most likely in? a. resistance stage b. alarm stage c. exhaustion stage d. autonomic stage e. homeostasis stage
a
Among adults, the average respiration rate (how many breaths you take per minute) is approximately _____ breaths per minute. a. 4-8 b. 12-16 c. 20-24 d. 28-32 e. 36-40
b
What is the name of the stress assessment tool that allows you to assess stress triggers throughout your day? a. Stress-o-Meter b. Daily Stress Diary c. Perceived Stress Scale d. Assess Your Stress tool e. Symptoms of Stress form
b
When the stress response is initiated, changes come about because of the activation of a branch of the nervous system called the _____ nervous system. a. automatic b. autonomic c. somatic d. para-autonomic e. non-sympathetic
b
The _____ plays a key role in the stress response because it is the chief region of the brain responsible for integration of sympathetic and parasympathetic activities. a. adrenal medulla b. pituitary gland c. hypothalamus d. adrenal cortex e. cerebral cortex
c
Sympathetic nervous system activation would benefit Julio the most if he were ____. a. taking an important test b. being stuck in a traffic jam c. getting married d. being chased by a mugger e. getting divorced
d
The physiological and emotional limits within which the body functions in an efficient and balanced state is called _____. a. general adaptation syndrome b. eustress c. synthesis d. homeostasis e. myocardial stasis
d
Which system is suppressed as a result of sympathetic nervous system activation? a. muscular system b. endocrine system c. respiratory system d. nervous system e. immune system
e
One of the major benefits of meditation is that it slows the breathing rate, thereby decreasing how much oxygen is available to the brain and short-circuiting the stress response. True False
false