PSY-9 Internet Assignment 9

born yesterday

"I was the first born in my family my mother had six children I was one of them ..6 more months I'll be a 100 years old sometimes it feels that way sometimes I feel I was ____ _________" -Harry Shapiro IA9 3. (VID 1)

musical

"I'd like to feel that there's a _______ quality in this. What I do is I hum as I paint... sometimes" -Harry Shapiro, centenarian IA9 3. (VID 1)

markedly

A Model of Aging Well. Centenarians (age 100+ years) ________ delay disability towards the end of their very long lives, at an average age of ~93 years (that's 33 years beyond the age of 60!) IA9 2

neuropathological

A number of these subjects have indicated their willingness to donate their brains for _________________ studies once they pass away, thus allowing our scientific collaborators to better characterize the health of the centenarians' exceptionally old brains IA9 2

Centenarian

A person aged 100+ years IA9 2

stress

A preliminary study suggests that centenarians are better able to handle ______ than the majority of people. IA9 2

delayers

About 43% are "_______", or subjects who did not exhibt an age related disease until age 80 years or later. (New England Centenarian Study) IA9 2

twin

Also note that the oldest subects in the ____ studies lived to their early to mid-eighties IA9 2

exceptional longevity

Also, a Danish study of nonagenarians and centenarians has noted that the power of a(n) ___________ _________ (EL) study to discover genetic factors associated with EL increases with the age of the subjects. IA9 2

90

Among supercentenarians, the female prevalence may increase to about __%. IA9 2

107

Amongst The NECS group is the largest sample in the world, by far, of supercentenarians (age 110+ years) -there are about ___ of these oldest of the old subjects in our study. IA9 2

30

Approximately __% of our subjects consent to donate their brains for detailed study after they have passed away. IA9 2

50

At least __% of centenarians have first-degree relatives and/or grandparents who also achieve very old age, and many have exceptionally old siblings. IA9 2

offspring

Based upon standardized personality testing, the _________ of centenarians, compared to population norms, score low in neuroticism and high in extraversion IA9 2

environment

Based upon these identical twins studies, the common answer is 70-80% ___________ and 30-20% genes. IA9 2

aging slowly

Bearing a child in one's forties may be an indicator that the woman's reproductive system is _____ ______ and that the rest of her body is as well. IA9 2

15

Eighty-five percent of cenenarians are women and __% are men. IA9 2

obese

Few centenarians are _____. IA9 2

survivors

Finally, there are about 42% of our subjects who are "_________", or those with clinically demonstrable disease(s) prior to the age of 80 years. IA9 2

greater

From our studies, a woman who naturally has a child after the age of 40 has a 4 times _______ chance of living to 100 compared to women who do not IA9 2

identical twins

Gerontologists often cite studies of lifespans amongst _________ _____ reared apart to describe the genetic and environmental components of aging. IA9 2

documenting

Harry (Shapiro) is the most recent addition to the New England centenarians study which is ___________ people who have reached 100 IA9 3. (VID 1)

Chinese

Harry Shapiro, centenarian, likes _______ food good pipe tobacco Bach and Beethoven in fact music even inspires his painting. IA9 3. (VID 1)

5

How many areas does The Living to 100 Life Expectancy Calculator questionnaire cover? IA9 1

families

However, we have learned from our studies of the siblings of centenarians and of supercentenarians that excepional longevity runs very strongly in _______. IA9 2

80,000

In 2010, there are about __,___ centenarians in the U.S. IA9 2

107

In June, 2010, the New England Centenarian Study enrolled its ___th supercentenarian, thus constituting by far and away the largest sample of such subjects in the world. IA9 2

6000

In the U.S. / industrialized nations, centenarians occur at a prevalence rate of about 1 per____. In 1994, it was 1/10,000, making centenarians one of the fastest growing segments of the population. IA9 2

Tibetan

In the _______ mountains for instance, octogenarian and nonagenarian elders, impressively many of them men, still herd live stock and still lead physically strenuous lives. IA9 2

lean

In the case of male centenarians, they are nearly always ____ IA9 2

1995

In what year did the New England Centenarian Study begin? IA9 2

strength

Living healthily into your 80s depends upon healthy behaviors including a diet conducive to being lean, not smoking, and ________ training exercise. IA9 2

siblings

Male ________ of centenarians have a 17 times greater chance than other men born around the same time of reaching age 100 years IA9 2

opposite

Many Americans do the ________ of the 7th Day Adventists (e.g. excessive meat consumption, lack of exercise, smoking, etc) and thus it is not surprising that on average, Americans die 8-10 years sooner. IA9 2

bearing children

Many centenarian women have a history of _______ ________ after the age of 35 years and even 40 years IA9 2

mortality

Many of the children of centenarians (age range of 65 to 82 years) appear to be following in their parents' footsteps with marked delays in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and overall _________. IA9 2

compress

Most people have the genetic makeup to live into their mid to late eighties in very good health, and like centenarians, ________compress the time they are sick towards the end of their lives IA9 2

New England Centenarian Study

NECS IA9 2

National Institute of Aging

NIA IA9 2

National Institutes of Health

NIH IA9 2

equals

New England Centenarian Study has observed amongst supercentenarians, that health span ______ lifespan. IA9 2

alike

Not all centenarians are _____. They vary widely in years of education (no years to post-graduate), socioeconomic status (very poor to very rich), religion, ethnicity and patterns of diet (strictly vegetarian to extremely rich in saturated fats). IA9 2

primitive

On his painting: "Beethoven's 7th Symphony there... the 3rd movement is a dance... a _________ dance that's where I got my idea from" -Harry Shapiro, centenarian IA9 3. (VID 1)

advantage

Once it truly became apparent that living to 100 was a terrific _________, not just in years of survival but importantly in many more years of quality life, we set out to understand what factors the centenarians had in common that might explain such an _________ IA9 2

Robert Butler

Our collaborations with Dr. ______ ______ and the International Longevity Center have been extremely fruitful in furthering this mission IA9 2

demented

Our finding that some centenarians (~15%) had no significant changes in their thinking abilities disproved the expectation by many that all centenarians would be ________. IA9 2

Boston University

Our studies are supervised and approved by the ______ __________ Medical Campus Institutional Review Board. IA9 2

blood donation

Participation in Genetics of Longevity Study involves health and family history questionnaires, as well as a small _____ ________ for the genetic aspect of the study. IA9 2

impact

Promoting this positive philosophy of aging will have a much greater ______ now on many more people than our genetic research. IA9 2

identities

Remember the Dannon yogurt commercials? In fact, those purported super-centenarians were taking on the __________ of their parents, aunts and uncles. IA9 2

vegetarian

Seventh Day Adventists tend to be __________, they don't smoke, they regularly exercise and they spend a lot of time with their families and with their religion IA9 2

neuropathological

Some centenarians had very healthy appearing brains with _________________ study (we call these gold standards of disease-free aging) IA9 2

clustering

Some families demonstrate incredible __________ for exceptional longevity that cannot be due to chance and must be due to familial factors that members of these families have in common IA9 2

escapers

Some of our subjects, ~15% have no clinically demonstrable disease at age 100 years and we call them "________" (New England Centenarian Study) IA9 2

supercentenarian

Someone who is aged 110+ years. IA9 2

smoking

Substantial _______ history is rare in centenarians. IA9 2

reproduction

Such slow aging and the avoidance or delay of diseases that adversely impact ____________ would bode well for the woman's subsequent ability to achieve very old age. IA9 2

7

Supercentenarians, people who are 110+ years old occur at a rate of about 1 per _ million. In 2010, there are about 60 to 70 supercentenarians in the US. IA9 2

morbidity hypothesis

Supporting the compression of _________ __________, that as one approaches the limits of lifespan, diseases must be delayed (or escaped) towards the end of these longest-lived. IA9 2

potential

The Genetics of Longevity Study examines _________ genes centenarians and their siblings may have in common and other lifestyle factors that could influence the ability to achieve extreme old age. IA9 2

international

The Genetics of Longevity Study is an _____________ survey of centenarians and their siblings. IA9 2

cognitive function

The Genetics of Longevity Study: Neuropsychological Study assesses _________ ________ because we believe Alzheimer's Disease is either markedly delayed, or even absent in some subjects. IA9 2

spouses

The Genetics of Longevity Study: Offspring Study looks at children of centenarians and their _______ IA9 2

comprehensive

The NECS has gone on to enroll centenarians from throughout the United States and other countries and has grown to be the largest _____________ study of centenarians in the world IA9 2

Boston

The New England Centenarian Study began in 1995 as a population-based study of all centenarians living within 8 towns in the ______ area. IA9 2

Family

The five life areas The Living to 100 Life Expectancy Calculator covers are Personal, Lifestyle, Nutrition, Medical, and ______. IA9 1

lifestyle choices

The main attributes that these Seventh Day Adventists have in common is that their religion, for the most part, asks that they have very good _________ _______. IA9 2

122

The oldest person from whom we have multiple forms of proof-of-age is Madame Calment who died at the age of ___ years in 1997. IA9 2

Alzheimer's Disease

The prevalence of ________'_ _______ and other dementias in centenarians was the focus of the New England Centenarian Study. IA9 2

1600

There are currently ~____ centenarians, 500 children (in their 70s and 80s) and 300 younger controls in The NECS. IA9 2

false

There are several geographical areas that have claimed inhabitants with extreme longevity, but after closer examination, these claims have been found to be _____. IA9 2

Loma Linda

This makes sense in the context of results from the study of Seventh Day Adventists at ____ _____ University who as a group have perhaps the longest average life expectancy in the United States, 88 years or 88 years for men and 89 years for women. IA9 2

diseases

This may be because women handle age-related ________ better (how they do this is not clear) whereas at these ages, the men more readily die from them. IA9 2

old fit

Though claims of extreme age are untrue, there still may be an unusually high prevalence of very ___ ___ people in these regions. IA9 2

paradoxically

Though women by far and away win the longevity marathon, _____________ the fewer men are generally functionally better off and healthier IA9 2

healthier

Thus we believe that instead of the aging myth "the older you get the sicker you get", it is much more the case of "the older you get, the _________ you've been" IA9 2

46

Thus, at any one time, we were studying approximately __ centenarians within a total population of 460,000 people IA9 2

functionally

Thus, the men who survive (into their 100s) have to be relatively healthy and ____________ fit. IA9 2

105

To enter the Genetics of Longevity Study we ask that the subject be ___+ years old. If the potential subject has living siblings, then a younger centenarian may be eligible IA9 2

Ecuador

Vilacamba, _______ almost became a tourist attraction because natives claimed their water was a fountain of youth leading to the many super-centenarians (age >110 years) in that region. IA9 2

inevitable

We also discovered that Alzheimer's Disease was not __________. IA9 2

control

We also enroll children's spouses in the Genetics of Longevity Study: Offspring Study as a _______ group. IA9 2

enabling

We also expend significant resources to disseminate our findings and to advocate for older people, providing an optimistic and ________ view of aging. IA9 2

particularly

We are ____________ interested in how centenarians are able to markedly delay or in some cases escape Alzheimer's disease IA9 2

environmental

We believe children of centenarians and their spouses may be a valuable group to study for genetic and _____________ factors contributing to the ability to live to very old age in good health. IA9 2

neuropsychological

We perform detailed and annual __________________ examinations on centenarians living within 3-4 hours of Boston IA9 2

150

What about the reports of people in the Russian Caucases living to ___ years and beyond IA9 2

genes

What the 7th Day Adventist results also show us is that the average American has the _____ to reach their mid-late 80s, they just need to take very good care of themselves with proper lifestyle choices. IA9 2

10,000

When the Centenarian Study began, the prevalence of centenarians in industrialized countries was approximately one centenarian per ______ people in the population. IA9 2

Harry Shapiro

_____ _______ a retired commercial artist was born in 1899 he has made it to this age (100) with flying colors no cancer no heart disease a sharp mind and a good sense of humor IA9 3. (VID 1)

Thomas Perls

______ _____MD, MPH is the founder and director of the New England Centenarian Study and creator of The Living to 100 Life Expectancy Calculator. IA9 1

Female

______ siblings of centenarians have an 8½ greater chance than other females also born around the same time of achieving age 100.7 IA9 2

Genetic

_______ variation plays a very strong role in exceptional longevity IA9 2

nonagenarians

a person who is from 90 to 99 years old. IA9 2

connections

an active mind helps grow new ___________ in the brain and the more we create the more reserves we have to combat the effects of old-age IA9 3. (VID 1)

vulnerable

as we age the brain like the rest of our body becomes more __________. IA9 3. (VID 1)

exercising

benefits are not only physical however __________ the mind is key to keeping its sharp IA9 3. (VID 1)

muscle

powerful evidence is emerging that the brain works like a ______ the more we use it the stronger it becomes IA9 3. (VID 1)

genetic

study results strongly suggest that the _______ component of exceptional longevity gets larger and larger with increasing age and is especially high for those age 106 years and older. IA9 2

86

these findings indicate what it takes to live to what should be average life expectancy for most of us, age __ years for men and 89 years for women. IA9 2