psy chat 11

Conformity and obedience are two widely researched forms of social ________ that have received attention in the field of social psychology.

influence

The performance of a behavior in response to a direct command is called:

obedience.

The phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present means the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress is called:

the bystander effect.

According to research which are the most stressful events in a person's life?

When they experience a loss of a relationship.

Kitty Genovese's murder led to the study of:

altruism and prosocial behavior.

When people experience an unpleasant state of psychological tension resulting from two inconsistent thoughts or perceptions, they are said to be experiencing:

A. cognitive dissonance.

________ are opinions, feelings, and beliefs that a person holds about another person, a concept, or a group.

Attitudes

What were the basic results of psychologist Stanley Milgram's original obedience study?

Despite hearing protests from the learner in another room, two-thirds of the subjects continued to administer shocks all the way to the full 450-volt level.

An investigation determined that neighbors did not help Kitty Genovese when she was attacked because they had their windows closed and could not hear her cries for help.

F

Diffusion of responsibility is a phenomenon in which the presence of other people makes it much more likely that some or all of the individuals will help someone in distress because the obligation to intervene is shared among all the onlookers.

F

In Milgram's original obedience study, when the two volunteer participants arrived at the lab they were randomly assigned to their respective roles as either the "teacher" or the "learner."

F

In Stanley Milgram's original study almost all of the subjects refused to continue with the experiment upon reaching the 330-volt level.

F

In almost any situation, how we perceive ourselves has little or no influence on how we perceive others and form impressions of them.

F

Psychologist Stanley Milgram was interested in answering the question of why people sometimes help others in need and why, on other occasions, they refuse to help.

F

The Stanford Prison Experiment lasted for six months before it was halted.

F

The Stanford Prison Experiment tested the degree to which people will obey the destructive orders of a seemingly legitimate authority figure and deliver intense electric shocks to an innocent person.

F

Phillip Zimbardo is most famous for conducting the Stanford Prison Experiment.

T

Social psychologists often use insights from evolutionary psychology, which is based on the assumption that certain psychological processes and behavioral patterns evolved over hundreds of thousands of years, to understand how behavior is adaptive.

T

Which of the following events spurred social psychologists to begin studying the conditions under which people will help another person?

The fact that none of the people who witnessed the murder of Kitty Genovese tried to help her.

Hindsight bias is the tendency:

after an event has occurred to overestimate one's ability to have foreseen or predicted the outcome.

Shortly after she gets to her new college 2,500 miles from home, Tomasa goes to the school's activity fair to find some groups to join. She immediately signs up to audition for two different musical clubs, which are her interest. Her desire to join these groups may help to satisfy her need to _______.

belong

"I can't believe that people would be so stupid as to build a house on the edge of a cliff like that; it's their own fault they are homeless now," Owen said as he looked at the news footage of the wrecked expensive homes at the bottom of the muddy hillside collapse. Owen's response illustrates an attributional pattern called:

blaming the victim

Kidnapped at knifepoint from her bedroom in the middle of the night, 14-year-old Elizabeth Smart was held captive for over nine months by a drifter and his female companion. When police finally found her and the details of her captivity were widely publicized, some observers publicly questioned why the girl never tried to escape or get the attention of the police. Such responses illustrate an attributional pattern called:

blaming the victim.

A research ________ is a person who works with or for the researcher, and who poses as a participant or bystander. Sometimes they have instructions to behave a certain way to see how the actual participant will respond.

confederate

The decision to follow the orders or requests of people who have authority of you is called ______

conformity?

In a follow-up questionnaire, more than half of the participants in Milgram's obedience experiments reported that they were "sorry to have been in the experiment" because they felt badly about having inflicted so much pain on the learner.

f

In almost any situation, how we perceive ourselves has little or no influence on how we perceive others and form impressions of them.

f

Research has shown that people will quickly change their stereotyped way of thinking when they are confronted with evidence that contradicts the stereotype that they had believed to be true.

f

The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated the powerful influence of:

situational roles and conformity to implied social rules and norms.

The rules, or expectations, for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation are called:

social norms

"We get what we deserve, and we deserve what we get" reflects a belief called the just-world hypothesis.

t

Multiple elements combined to create the conditions for brutality at Abu Ghraib prison, including in-group versus out-group thinking, negative stereotypes, dehumanization, and prejudice.

t

The Stanford Prison Experiment clearly demonstrated that conformity to social roles and implied social norms can make people behave in ways that are contrary to their usual behavior.

t

The branch of psychology that studies how a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the presence of other people and by the social and physical environment is called social psychology.

t

The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress.

t

The rules, or expectations, for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation are called social norms.

t

As you slowly inch your way toward the intersection, you finally see the auto accident that was stalling traffic. As you look at the two drivers standing by their crumpled cars, you think to yourself, "They probably had the accident because they're careless drivers." Your thinking reflects which of the following concepts?

the fundamental attribution error

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that increases the likelihood of bystanders helping

the presence of other bystanders in the situation

In Milgram's original obedience experiment, subjects who were assigned the role of teacher:

were deceived about the real role of the learner and the level of shock that he actually received