PSY Ex 4

What is the rate of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in the United States?

1 in 54

Identify the age group that is MOST likely to display the key symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

2- to 17-year-old children

In one study (Seal et al., 2007) of 104,000 veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, _____ percent were diagnosed with a psychological disorder, in which the most frequent diagnosis was posttraumatic stress disorder.

25

In one study of over 100,000 people, _____ percent of veterans returning from Iran and Afghanistan were diagnosed with a psychological disorder.

25

In the United States, _____ percent of people report suffering from social anxiety disorder in the past year.

7.1

Which of these individuals has NOT had their level of creativity linked to bipolar disorder?

Abraham Lincoln

Those from _____ are more willing to report physical symptoms of distress, rather than emotional aspects of it.

China

_____ is the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a change in DNA.

Epigenetics

Which of these is FALSE about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? ADHD is heritable. Symptoms include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Male children are the most likely to be labeled with the diagnosis. More adults than children are given the diagnosis of ADHD.

More adults than children are given the diagnosis of ADHD.

People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder:

People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder:

Which of these is NOT one of the key defining features of anorexia nervosa?

The person recognizes that he or she has an eating disorder and is aware of the seriousness of her weight loss.

A sudden loss of memory is one symptom of:

a dissociative disorder.

People are more likely to recover from ________ schizophrenia than from chronic schizophrenia.

acute

About four months ago, 16-year-old Amal went on a drastic diet that caused her to drop from her normal weight of 120 pounds to less than 90 pounds. Although her weight is dangerously low, she continues to eat too little because she still thinks she looks fat. Amal suffers from:

anorexia nervosa.

Symptoms of which disorder tend to occur at the earliest age?

antisocial personality disorder

Hong is extremely manipulative. They can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. Their deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of others, but they are indifferent to their suffering. Their behavior BEST illustrates:

antisocial personality disorder.

Matthew often interrupts their second-grade teacher while they are speaking and frequently forgets to complete their homework. Matthew has difficulty taking turns on the playground with classmates as well. Matthew clearly exhibits symptoms of:

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The risk of suicide is greatest for those diagnosed with depression when they:

begin to rebound and become capable of following through.

Which of these could be an example of a dissociative experience that is pathological or abnormal?

being unable to remember your own name or other important details about your life

The police brought Casey to the emergency room after they were seen running down the street yelling "I have the power!" Casey was also spending large amounts of money across town and had been rude and reckless over the last five days. In the ER, Casey would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask them any questions. Casey is MOST likely suffering from:

bipolar disorder

DSM-5 provides mental health professionals with:

both a common language for labeling psychological disorders and comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing them.

In mild forms, intellectual disability results from:

both genetic and environmental factors.

Which of these is NOT considered a prenatal environmental factor that is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder? brain underconnectivity maternal infection stress hormones psychiatric drug use

brain underconnectivity

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Makaila uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Makaila MOST clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

bulimia nervosa

Which of these is NOT a contributing factor related to increased ASD diagnosis? childhood vaccinations brain underconnectivity stress hormones psychiatric drug use

childhood vaccinations

Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This BEST illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from:

conditioning

In terms of pervasiveness, ____________ is the number one reason people seek mental health services.

depression

Which of these is a new diagnostic label in DSM-5?

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

While researchers have discovered that there are an excessive number of receptors for ________________, it is not the only neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenia.

dopamine

PET scans illustrate reduced activity in the ____________ of a murderer's cortex.

frontal lobes

Ned complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Ned is experiencing:

hallucinations

Which disorder was formerly referred to as hypochondriasis?

illness anxiety disorder

Kaycee has frequent headaches and believes that they have a brain tumor. Kaycee may be demonstrating

illness anxiety disorder.

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life is referred to as:

intellectual disability

Forty-year-old Chase has suffered from depression most of their life. They have been receiving psychotherapy and medication for the last 3 weeks and are starting to feel better, but they are tired of living this way. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Chase:

is MORE likely to attempt suicide because they are beginning to rebound and become capable.

Schizophrenia is said to be chronic when:

it develops slowly.

Major depressive disorder is characterized by signs of depression (for example, lethargy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in family, friends, and activities). To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, these symptoms must:

last for two or more weeks

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is associated with:

mania

Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. The ___________ model assumes that mental disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

medical

Homosexuality was removed in 1973 from the DSM system for classifying psychological disorders as a psychological disorder because:

mental health workers came to the view that same-sex attraction was not inherently dysfunctional or distressing.

Bruna, who has chronic schizophrenia, is more likely to demonstrate the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

negative

Roosevelt has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Most days they sit in a chair, with no expression on their face. This demonstrates _____ related to schizophrenia.

negative symptoms

Central nervous system abnormalities that begin in childhood and alter thinking and behavior are called:

neurodevelopmental disorders.

Lee spends hours daily trying to control the intrusive worry that they may have forgotten to lock the house when they left for work. Their experience is MOST symptomatic of a(n) _____ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

People who are troubled by unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions may be suffering from:

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The anterior cingulate cortex is especially likely to be hyperactive in those with:

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Which of these is NOT one of the DSM-5 criteria for insomnia disorder?

occurs in combination with other mental disorders

A study found that both men and women were more likely to say that they cried today during the month of December than they did in August. This provides evidence for a seasonal pattern:

of depression

What is a minutes-long episode of intense fear that something horrible is about to happen that includes physical symptoms, such as irregular heartbeat, chest pains, shortness of breath, choking, trembling, or dizziness?

panic disorder

Although Kassia realizes their behavior is unreasonable, they are so distraught by bridges that they avoid them and take an unnecessarily long route to and from work each day. Kassia appears to suffer from a(n):

phobia

Which of these disorders does NOT generally begin around age 20?

phobias

Years after barely surviving an attack that killed his family, Mr. Xavier suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. These render them incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Xavier is MOST clearly showing signs of:

posttraumatic stress disorder.

Evidence suggests that ________ contribute(s) to the development of schizophrenia.

prenatal viral infections

College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. This MOST strongly suggests that dissociative identity disorder may involve:

role-playing.

Mr. Sharma believes that aliens have removed their stomach and are watching to see how long it takes them to grow a new one. Mr. Sharma is MOST likely suffering from:

schizophrenia

Salam keeps to himself at work. They are quiet, have a number of odd collections, and some even call them eccentric. Their co-workers recognize their behavior as odd. Given his increasingly erratic behavior, they are at risk of losing their job. Salam would MOST likely be considered to have which personality disorder?

schizotypal

The brains of people who suffer from depression tend to have low levels of:

serotonin

Veena suffers from depression. Their psychiatrist has placed them on an antidepressant called Paxil that will help increase their ____________ supplies by blocking reuptake.

serotonin

Enzan has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. They often explain negative events using a pessimistic explanatory style. This explanatory style creates a hopeless, depressed state, which then hampers the way they think and act, causing more negative stressful events. Enzan's depression is thus, at least in part, due to:

state-dependent memory

Simone was attacked by a fierce dog and later developed a fear of all dogs. This BEST illustrates:

stimulus generalization.

The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia BEST highlights the role of ____________ in this disorder.

viral infections in the mother during pregnancy

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, _____ are among the most common obsessions.

worries about germs, dirt, or other forms of contamination

Mass-killing shooters have one thing in common, according to the textbook: They tend to be mostly:

young males.