PSY355

An animated video of a Pop-Tart flying through space "went viral" on the internet, meaning the video was shared with over 1 million people. However, after a month, people were no longer sharing this video. From this description, you can conclude that this video is.... A. High in fecundity but low in longevity B. High in fecundity but low in fidelity C. High in longevity but low in fidelity D. High in fidelity but low in longevity

A. High in fecundity but low in longevity

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the concept of evoked culture? A. Laura develops a pessimistic personality and reacts pessimistically across a variety of situations, regardless of how negative they are. B. To protect against extreme weather, Angela who lives in Seattle keeps an umbrella in her bag and Rachel who lives in Michigan wears her snow boots in January C. Cultures that exist in environments where it is easy to raise milk-producing livestock will be more likely to include dairy in their traditional meals. D. Heavier women are viewed as more attractive in cultures that struggle with famine and poverty compared to cultures where food is readily available.

A. Laura develops a pessimistic personality and reacts pessimistically across a variety of situations, regardless of how negative they are

The reference group effect is the tendency for people to ______. This can be avoided by ______. A. Use one's own cultural group as a reference when answering questions; using concrete as opposed to subjective response options B. Compare the self to others to determine what is socially appropriate; using a measure that obscures the concept that is being examined in the study C. Using one's own cultural group as a reference when answering questions; using a measure that obscures the concept that is being examined in the study D. Compare the self to others to determine what is socially appropriate; using concrete as opposed to subjective response options

A. Use one's own cultural group as a reference when answering questions; using concrete as opposed to subjective response options

Letica is concerned about having acquiescence bias in a survey she is giving to a group of participants To reduce this bias, she might include which pair of items? A. "I am similar to my friend" and "My friend is similar to me" B. "I support raising taxes" and "I support lowering taxes" C. "I like pizza" and "I like burgers" D. "What is your bais?" and "Why might you acquiescence"

B. "I support raising taxes" and "I support lowering taxes"

Which of the following BEST characterizes the concept of culture as it is used in this class? A. Culture is a set of distinct, inflexible boundaries about how to behave properly B. Culture is information that is acquired from other members of one's species through social learning that is capable of affecting an individual's behavior C. Both of the above definitions of culture are employed in this class D. None of the above definitions of culture is employed in this class

B. Culture is information that is acquired from other members of one's species through social learning that is capable of affecting an individual's behavior

People from all cultures use umbrellas, but in some cultures umbrellas are used primarily to block rainwater, whereas in other cultures umbrellas are used primarily to block the sun. The use of umbrellas across cultures would thus be classified as an... A. Statistical Universal B. Existential universal C. Functional Universal D. Nonuniversal

B. Existential universal

Dr. Jones believes that the mind functions like a computer: A computer functions the same regardless of the websites a person browses. Similarly, Dr. Jones believes the mind functions the same regardless of the cultural environments the person is in. Dr. Jones most likely adheres to the __________ psychology perspective. A. Cognitive-Perceptual B. General C. Cultural D. Behaviorist

B. General

When unpackaging cultural findings, the researcher needs to ultimately...... A. Demonstrate that their study materials are appropriately back-translated B. Identify the underlying variables that cause the cultural difference C. Identify the most powerful variable underlying the cultural difference D. Demonstrate that several cultures differ from one another on the topic of interest

B. Identify the underlying variables that cause the cultural difference

According to the definition of culture used in this course, which of the following would NOT be an example of culture guiding behavior? A. Sybil learns how to tie her shoes from her mother B. Mary discovers a novel solution to a puzzle she has never seen before C. Matthew carries a family keepsake for good luck when he goes off to war D. Like her sisters, Edith asks Santa to bring her an iphone for Christmas

B. Mary discovers a novel solution to a puzzle she has never seen before

You review all of the studies you have conducted in your career, and realize that they all use WEIRD samples. Which of the following conclusions is accurate given this characteristic of your samples? A. You don't know how to properly define culture B. The findings from your studies may not generalize to other cultures C. Your work is ethnocentric D. All of the above conclusions are accurate of your work

B. The findings from your studies may not generalize to other cultures

Miner's (1956) article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" is ethnocentric because... A. He is really referring to beliefs and practices common in the US B. The language he uses to describe the Nacirema and their practices suggests that he is judging the Nacirema from his own cultural perspective C. He used observation instead of direct, one-on-one interviews with Nacirema D. He misunderstands aspects of the culture, like when he refers to a hospital as "latipsoh"

B. The language he uses to describe the Nacirema and their practices suggests that he is judging the Nacirema from his own cultural perspective

When using the iceberg analogy to understand the various aspects of culture, the part of the iceberg underneath the water represents... A. The more difficult to observe aspects of culture, like food and celebratory rituals B. The more difficult to observe aspects of culture, like beliefs or values C. The easier to observe aspects of culture, like symbols and language D. The easier to observe aspects of culture, like patterns of thinking and attitudes toward authority

B. The more difficult to observe aspects of culture, like beliefs or values

Which of the following statements about the individualism-collectivism and tight-loose cultural dimensions is TRUE? A. These dimensions are typically static - that is, how individualistic-collectivistic or tight-loose a culture is doesn't change very much B. These dimensions refer to cultures - that is, specific culture (ex. US culture, Nigerian culture) can be described as being relatively individualistic-collectivistic or relatively tight-loose C. These dimensions can refer to people - that is, a single individual can be described as being relatively individualistic-collectivistic or relatively tight-loose. D. All of the above statements are true.

B. These dimensions refer to cultures - that is, specific culture (ex. US culture, Nigerian culture) can be described as being relatively individualistic-collectivistic or relatively tight-loose

A group of students at GVSU created and spread a (false) rumor that several Psychology Department professors performed their own "fight club", which meets every Friday night in a classroom in AuSable Hall. If cultural information is transmitted like diseases (rather than genes) then it is likely this rumor will.... A. Eventually be heard by nonstudents living in the Allendale community B. Vary over the course of its transmission to include minor changes to the story (like the idea that Sociology professors also joined the fight club). C. Be transmitted accurately, without variation, among the students at GVSU. D. Be transmitted for a long period of time, even after the students who originated the rumor have graduated

B. Vary over the course of its transmission to include minor changes to the story (like the idea that Sociology professors also joined the fight club).

An advantage of the situation sampling method is that it...... A. Does not require the experimenter to translate any materials B. Controls for cultural differences in response bias C. Allows researchers to see how people in different cultures would respond if they were in the other group's cultural worlds D. Equates the reference group across cultures

C. Allows researchers to see how people in different cultures would respond if they were in the other group's cultural worlds

Your friends are debating whether cultures are becoming more individualistic over the last half century. Your friends make a series of arguments for their positions (below). Which of the following arguments is inconsistent with the research and therefore a weak argument? A. Cultures are becoming more individualistic - over the past two centuries, books published in the US & UK are increasingly more individualistic words and fewer collectivistic words that emphasize social obligations B. Cultures are becoming more individualistic - Chinese children born after the one child policy was implemented in 1979 have more opportunities to express their personal choices and opinions compared to earlier generations in China C. Cultures are becoming more individualistic - Americans today actually care less about personal material possessions and making money than earlier generations D. Cultures are becoming more individualistic - Americans are less likely to belong to formal organizations than they were 40 years ago

C. Cultures are becoming more individualistic - Americans today actually care less about personal material possessions and making money than earlier generations

Both Matilda and Jose are cross-cultural psychologists studying sleeping arrangements, however Matilda is measuring father's beliefs about co-sleeping and Josie measures co-sleeping behavior among extended family members. So, Matilda and Josie study the same topic (or variable) but differ in how they..... A. Randomly assign participants to conditions B. Manipulate the independent variable C. Operationally define the topic D. Address the moderacy bias

C. Operationally define the topic

As discussed in class, the infrastructure of _______ provides the opportunities to meet needs and reach goals, whereas _____________ conveys how exactly a person should meet their needs and reach their goals. A. Culture; Ethnicity B: Society; Ethnicity C. Society; Culture D. Culture; Society

C. Society; Culture

Marcus hypothesizes that students from individualistic cultures will be more likely to focus on how fun and interesting a course is when deciding to enroll in it. In this study, the independent variable is _____, and the dependent variable is ________. A. Collectivistic cultures; perceptions of courses as fun/interesting B. Perceptions of courses as fun/interesting; type of culture C. Type of culture; perceptions of courses as fun/interesting D. Individualistic cultures; collectivistic cultures

C. Type of culture; perceptions of courses as fun/interesting

Which of the following describes the process of back translation BEST? A. A group of researchers collaboratively translates materials written in Language #1 to language #2, and then a different group of researchers collaboratively translates the materials back to Language #1. The groups meet to discuss which version of the materials written in Language #1 is most accurate. B. A group of researchers meet to collaboratively discuss how best to translate translates materials written in Language #1 to Language #2. C. A researcher translates materials written in Language #1 to Language #2, and then a different researcher translates the materials back to Language #1. The second copy of the materials in Language #1 is used in the research study. D. A researcher translates materials written in Language #1 to Language #2, then a different researcher translates the materials back to Language #1. The two researchers and other study personnel discuss any discrepancies between the two versions of the materials in Language #1 and then collectively decide how to revise the materials written in Language #2.

D. A researcher translates materials written in Language #1 to Language #2, then a different researcher translates the materials back to Language #1. The two researchers and other study personnel discuss any discrepancies between the two versions of the materials in Language #1 and then collectively decide how to revise the materials written in Language #2.

Which of the following accurately depicts a way in which culture elaborates on the basic frameworks provided by society? A. Culture defines what constitutes a family B. Culture encourages specific child-rearing strategies C. Culture encourages people to pursue specific educational goals D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is a way that cultural psychologists operationally define culture when conducting cultural research? A. In terms of nations (i.e. "American Culture", "Japanese Culture") B. In terms of groups within a nation (i.e. "European-Americans", "African Americans" C. In terms of cultural dimensions (i.e. "tight cultures", "individualistic cultures") D. All of these are common ways researchers operationally define culture.

D. All of these are common ways researchers operationally define culture.

Studies depicting individualism in Japan's "northern frontier" confirm that early conditions encourage cultural stability. Which of the following is also an example of this idea? A. US employees working in 2020 receive more praise in 1920 because businesses have integrated new research showing that workers are more productive when they have high self-esteem B. Chinese children born in 2001 (after the 1 child policy was instituted) will be more individualistic than Chinese children born in 1971 (prior to the 1 child policy) because they receive more attention and pampering from grandparents and parents C. None of these examples demonstrate that early conditions facilitate cultural stability D. Bluegrass music written in 2020 will likely include the fiddle because early bluegrass music, inspired by musical traditions of the Scotch-Irish, also used the fiddle.

D. Bluegrass music written in 2020 will likely include the fiddle because early bluegrass music, inspired by musical traditions of the Scotch-Irish, also used the fiddle.

In Harber and Cohen's 2005 research study, information about a class field trip to the morgue spread to over 800 people in 3 days because it.... A. Was easy to communicate to others B. Included minimally counterintuitive information C. Was especially relevant to student's future careers in psychology D. Evoked strong emotion in the participants and those who heard about the event

D. Evoked strong emotion in the participants and those who heard about the event

Maria was born and raised in a relatively tight culture. Which of the following statements about Maria's culture is most likely, given what you know about tight (vs loose) cultures? A. Maria's culture does little to regulate interpersonal behavior - like hand holding or kissing in public spaces. B. People from Maria's culture prefer to express their true opinions and emotions during social interactions, even if they are negative or disrupt harmony. C. The majority of people from Maria's culture report having no religious affiliation. D. People from Maria's culture face strict punishment for their crimes

D. People from Maria's culture face strict punishment for their crimes