PSYC-101 Chapter 2 Review

monozgotic (identical)

The behavior of ______ twins is of special interest to psychologists because their genetic endowment is the same.

cerebellum

The brain structure called the ______ is involved in balance and coordination.

electricity, neurotransmitters

"Messages" travel within neurons by means of ______ and from neuron to neuron by means of ______. a. electricity, electricity b. neurotransmitters, neurotransmitters c. neurotransmitters, electricity d. electricity, neurotransmitters

400

A neuron can fire up to a limit of about ______ times per second. a. 40 b. 400 c. 4,000 d. 40,000

several feet

An axon's length can range from a few millimeters to: a) 1 inch b. 12 inches c. several feet d. up to a mile

sympathetic division of her autonomic nervous system.

An editor gets so upset that she is late in working on a manuscript that she throws up her lunch. this probably occurred because of activity of the: a. longest neurons in her body. b. corpus callosum. c. parasympathetic division of her autonomic nervous system. d. sympathetic division of her autonomic nervous system.

develop when two ova are fertilized.

Dizygotic twins: a. develop when two ova are fertilized. b. share 100% of their genes. c. are referred to as identical twins. d. demonstrate differences that are the result of nurture.

thyroxin

Ellen loses weight and becomes somewhat agitated. Her doctor is most likely to theorize that she is suffering from a deficiency of: a. epinephrine b. dopamine c. cortisol d. thyroxin

myelin

The axon of many neurons have a fatty insulating sheath called _______.

Afferent neurons transmit the sensation of pain to the spinal cord and to the brain followed by efferent neurons sending the message to your foot to move

If someone steps on your toes, resulting in pain and the movement of your foot, which of the following describes this process? a. Afferent neurons transmit the sensation of pain to the spinal cord and to the brain followed by efferent neurons sending the message to your foot to move. b. Efferent neurons transmit the sensation of pain to the spinal cord and to the brain followed by afferent neurons sending the message to your foot to move. c. Efferent neurons transmit the sensation of pain to the spinal cord and to the brain followed by efferent neurons sending the message to your foot to move. d. Afferent neurons transmit the sensation of pain to the spinal cord and to the brain followed by afferent neurons sending the message to your foot to move.

schizophrenia

It is theorized that people with the psychological disorder called ______ apparently overutilize the neurotransmitter dopamine.

axon

Neurons have a cell body, or soma; dendrites, which receive "messages"; and a(n) _______, which extends from the cell body and transmits messages.

neurotransmitters

Neurons transmit messages to other neurons by means of chemical substances called _______.

Down

People with _______ syndrome have an extra chromosome on the 21st pair.

instincts

Stereotypical behavior patterns that have evolved within a species are called _______.

autonomic

The _______ nervous system regulates the glands and involuntary activities such as heartbeat and digestion.

existence

The concept of a struggle for _______ lies at the core of the theory of evolution.

impairment of one's ability to comprehend speech and to think of the proper words to express his or her own thoughts

Wernicke's aphasia causes: a. impairment of one's ability to comprehend speech and to think of the proper words to express his or her own thoughts. b. one to speak only slowly and laboriously in simple sentences. c. serious impairment in reading. d. an inability to segment words in sounds while reading.

Genes

What are the most basic building blocks of heredity. a. Genes b. Hormones c. Neurons d. Neurotransmitters

autonomic nervous system

When Charlotte hears something embarrassing, she blushes. Being a student of psychology, she knows that this condition is controlled by the: a. motor cortex b. autonomic nervous system c. somatosensory cortex d. motor nervous system