PSYC 1101 Chapters 13 & 17

If you are exhibiting the self-serving bias, which would be your most likely explanation for a poor grade on the test?

"The professor doesn't know how to teach."

One of the main proponents of the social cognitive approach to personality is:

Bandura

In Freud's theory, concerns that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occur are termed:

Fixations

One of the best examples of a self-report measure, and one of the most frequently used personality tests, is the:

MMPI-2.

Which of the following stages of psychosexual development is CORRECTLY matched with a key task or term?

Oral—weaning

Blanche is extremely interested in politics and believes an upcoming election is very important to the future. Blanche would most likely be persuaded by a campaign message relying on the _____ route to persuasion.

central

An ad agency creates two ads for a particular car. One stresses the car's safety and gas mileage; the other simply shows how fun it is to drive. The first ad relies on the _____ route to persuasion; the second, on the _____ route.

central; peripheral

Social psychologist Leon Festinger is associated with the study of:

cognitive dissonance.

Roger was screaming for help as he was being beaten up by a group of muggers on a street. There were about 15 people standing nearby. However, none of the bystanders come forward to help Roger. This scenario representing lack of help illustrates:

diffusion of responsibility.

In Freud's theory of psychosexual development, mature adult sexuality develops during the:

genital stage.

Milgram's participants were told that the study concerned:

learning.

Which of the following specific traits is CORRECTLY paired with a description in terms of the Big Five dimensions?

maginative - high openness

The likelihood that an individual will help someone in an emergency situation is _____ correlated with the number of other people present.

negatively

Behavioral assessment relies most heavily on:

observing people in their own settings.

The TAT and the Rorschach are _____ tests of personality.

projective

Sets of cognitions about people and social experiences are called

schemas

The tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skill, ability, or effort) and to attribute failure to factors outside oneself is known as the:

self-serving bias

The _____ is the final personality structure to develop in childhood, represents the rights and wrongs of society as taught and modeled by a person's parents, teachers, and other significant individuals.

superego

According to Freud, much of our behavior is motivated by:

the unconscious.

One forms an impression of another individual:

very quickly, within a few seconds

Karen Horney's conceptualizations were developed in the:

1930s and 1940s

In Allport's view, how many central traits do most people possess?

5-10

Research using the Implicit Association Test reveals that _____% of participants show a pro-white bias. This _____ the results of research examining the activation of the amygdala in response to black faces.

90; supports

Which of the following is NOT one of Eysenck's major personality dimensions?

Agreeableness

Behavior that helps others but that involves some self-sacrifice is termed:

Altruism

From around age 12 to 18 months until 3 years of age—a period when the emphasis in Western cultures is on toilet training—a child enters the _____ stage.

Anal

Why do dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue offer important data, in the view of psychoanalytic psychologists?

Dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue offer clues to the contents of the unconscious mind.

_____ refers to a circumstance in which commitments to a failing point of view or course of action are increased to justify investments in time and energy that have already been made.

Entrapment

Which approach to personality takes the most optimistic view of people's nature—that individuals are essentially "good"?

Humanistic

Which of the following is true of peripheral route processing?

People who use peripheral route processing are persuaded by factors other than the quality and detail of messages.

_____ occurs when people are persuaded on the basis of factors unrelated to the nature or quality of the content of a persuasive message.

Peripheral route processing

_____ refers to the pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency and individuality in a given person.

Personality

The influential "prison" study of the power of social roles was conducted by:

Philip Zimbardo.

The id operates according to the _____ principle in which the goal is the immediate reduction of tension and the maximization of satisfaction.

Pleasure

_____ is the component of personality that encompasses our positive and negative self-evaluations.

Self- esteem

The classic "shock" study of obedience is associated with:

Stanley Milgram.

The social rank held within a group is termed _____.

Status

Which term indicates the ability of a test to measure what it is actually designed to measure?

Validity