PSYC 170-01 study guide, quiz questions (ch. 1 to ch.9)

Which procedure is NOT a form of neuroimaging? a) DEXA scan b) PET scan c) CAT scan d) MRI

a) DEXA scan

A friend tells you she has been diagnosed with depression and has started interpersonal therapy. However, she thinks cognitive-behavioral therapy or couple therapy may be more helpful. Based on research, which response is MOST accurate? a) "All three treatments can be effective. If you have significant marital issues, then couple therapy might have added value." b) "Since you are married, you would definitely benefit from couple therapy. It is most likely to be effective for you." c) "No one treatment is better than the others; they are all equally effective and will work for you." d) "Once you have started a treatment regimen, it is best to stick with it."

a) "All three treatments can be effective. If you have significant marital issues, then couple therapy might have added value."

Which statement is TRUE about the research on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating unipolar depression? a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly improves depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of clients. b) Cognitive-behavioral therapy is less effective than placebo treatments. c) The research has not provided consistent results on this issue. d) Cognitive-behavioral therapy is more effective in group therapy sessions than in individual therapy sessions.

a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly improves depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of clients.

Why is interpersonal psychotherapy considered a sociocultural approach? a) Depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role expectations. b) Depression is thought to be best treated by use of a multidisciplinary treatment team. c) Depression is thought to result from individual pathology. d) Depression is thought to be best treated within the family and in the real world rather than in the clinic.

a) Depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role expectations.

A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. She draws negative conclusions from very little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major character flaws, and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws. You conclude that the therapist holds which theoretical orientation? a) cognitive-behavioral b) existential c) psychoanalytic d) biological

a) cognitive-behavioral

Overabundance of _____ can lead to chronic inflammation throughout the body, contributing to heart disease, stroke, and other illnesses. a) cytokines b) collagen c) norepinephrine d) corticosteroids

a) cytokines

An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time and expresses great distress over this behavior. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is: a) dysfunctional b) disturbed c) deviant d) dangerous

a) dysfunctional

The goal of scientific research is BEST described as seeking to: a) explain relationship between variables b) advance the field of clinical medicine c) prove cause and effect d) generate hypotheses that seek to answer global questions

a) explain relationship between variables

Compared with projective tests, personality inventories generally have: a) greater reliability and greater validity b) poorer reliability and greater validity c) greater reliability and poorer validity d) poorer reliability and poorer validity

a) greater reliability and greater validity

Tomas killed himself in a way that is being described as an altruistic suicide. He is MOST likely to have lived in a country that: a) honors those who kill themselves for a higher good. b) is experiencing great upheaval, disruption of values, and immigration. c) has a high level of substance abuse. d) has a large population of people who are very religious.

a) honors those who kill themselves for a higher good.

A panel of psychologists and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high: a) interrater reliability b) predictive validity c) internal validity d) test-retest reliability

a) interrater reliability

Bartrop and colleagues compared the immune systems of 26 people whose spouses had died 8 weeks earlier with those of 26 matched control-group participants whose spouses had not died. The blood samples revealed that _____ was much lower in the bereaved people than in the controls. a) lymphocyte functioning b) neurotransmitter activity c) ion activity d) antigen replication

a) lymphocyte functioning

With _____, a person pays attention to the feelings, thoughts, and sensations that are flowing through his or her mind but does so with detachment and objectivity and, most important, without judgment. a) mindfulness meditation b) biofeedback training c) relaxation training d) behavioral medicine

a) mindfulness meditation

When a child yells and threatens others, he or she is placed in a time-out, away from the group. During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. The child learns to interact with others without yelling. This is an example of behavior modification using: a) operant conditioning b) classical conditioning c) exposure therapy d) modeling

a) operant conditioning

The biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that: a) relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives are. b) distant relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than close relatives are. c) relatives share not only biological characteristics but also similar environments. d) identical twins have more similar environments than fraternal twins.

a) relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives are.

Researchers have found that young adults who browse and post on social media most frequently are more likely to feel: a) sad b) euphoric c) happy d) irritable

a) sad

A client diagnosed with schizophrenia has begun to exhibit new symptoms, often saying, "They tell me I'm crazy, so I must be crazy." This MOST likely is an example of: a) self-fulfilling prophecy b) therapist bias c) nomothetic disturbance d) learned helplessness

a) self-fulfilling prophecy

Kevin studies his history notes and textbook while he is drinking green tea. According to some theorists, Kevin would later do better on his history exam if he also had green tea in his system while taking the exam. These theorists would be basing their claim on: a) state-dependent learning b) associative memory learning c) active-avoidance learning d) social learning theory

a) state-dependent learning

Suicide is the _____ most common cause of death in the United States. a) tenth b) fifth c) number one d) second

a) tenth

Researchers are examining the effects of listening to background music on the stress levels of truck loaders. Only experienced loaders are included in the study. During the morning shift, music is played. During the afternoon shift, no music is played. What is a potential confound in this experiment? a) type of music played b) the playing of music c) the loader's skill level d) the task being measured

a) type of music played

Which thought is consistent with the thinking of someone who has social anxiety disorder? a) "I'm glad I can use my notes during my speech. There's no way I could have remembered all of these details." b) "I can't go on that business lunch with my boss. I'd spill food on myself and look like an idiot." c) "I don't want to give that presentation tomorrow. No one even listens during those meetings." d) "I'm not going out this weekend. I've had enough people interactions this week."

b) "I can't go on that business lunch with my boss. I'd spill food on myself and look like an idiot."

According to the text, why are so many treatment approaches effective in the treatment of unipolar depression? a) Each of the treatments employs the same underlying principles. b) Multiple, interacting factors contribute to unipolar depression, and correcting dysfunction in one area helps improve functioning in other areas as well. c) Unipolar depression is, overall, one of the most straightforward and simplest psychological disorders to treat. d) Numerous highly accurate assessment tools available to identify the cause of unipolar depression and, in turn, customize treatment to the individual.

b) Multiple, interacting factors contribute to unipolar depression, and correcting dysfunction in one area helps improve functioning in other areas as well.

A researcher is interested in the effects of a new drug for treating anxiety. The researcher decides to study this phenomenon in rats by conditioning in them the fear of a high-pitched noise and then testing the rats' reactions with and without the drug. This is an example of a(n): a) correlation b) analogue experiment c) single-subject experiment d) natural experiment

b) analogue experiment

Which statement describes a limitation of the case study? a) does not allow therapist to propose a course of treatment for a patient b) does not result in high external validity c) does not enable the therapist to understand the whole patient d) does not lead to an individualized approach

b) does not result in high external validity

A clinical psychologist says, "I select the best treatment for a client based on the current recommendations outlined in research studies." This clinical psychologist believes in using: a) intuitively based treatment b) evidence-based treatment c) culture-constrained treatment d) meta-analytical treatment

b) evidence-based treatment

Which statement is TRUE regarding the reliability of DSM-5? a) research studies have consistently shown very high reliability across all diagnoses b) some research studies have reported better reliability with DSM-5 over earlier versions, but other studies have not c) reliability is highest for newer diagnoses that were not included in DSM-I d) reliability is highest for diagnoses that have been included since DSM-I

b) some research studies have reported better reliability with DSM-5 over earlier versions, but other studies have not

A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. Soon, the patient begins seeking the therapist's approval for all types of decisions, rather than just making the decisions herself. This is an example of: a) resistance b) transference c) catharsis d) free association

b) transference

Oliver is receiving therapy for unipolar depression. His therapist tells him that many—even most—of the negative thoughts that an individual experiences and records have no basis in fact. Which element of cognitive therapy does this represent? a) Negatively reinforcing verbal avoidance responses b) Identifying cultural differences in thinking c) Challenging automatic thoughts d) Training the individual in dichotomous thinking

c) Challenging automatic thoughts

If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family medical history, that clinician's orientation is MOST likely: a) psychodynamic b) cognitive-behavioral c) biological d) sociocultural

c) biological

The ability to generalize results from a study of certain individuals to other individuals not studied is called: a) internal validity b) construct validity c) external validity d) context validity

c) external validity

People with severe mental illnesses are LESS likely to be ______ than they were 50 years ago. a) treated in outpatient facilities b) homeless or in prison c) hospitalized in mental institutions d) medicated and psychotropic drugs

c) hospitalized in mental institutions

"When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living." A psychologist from which background would agree MOST strongly with this statement? a) psychodynamic b) cognitive c) humanistic-existential d) cognitive-behavioral

c) humanistic-existential

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them: a) have relatives who are atypically anxious b) experience more than the average amount of stress c) misinterpret bodily sensations d) are prone to allergies

c) misinterpret bodily sensations

The clinician who would be MOST likely to say, "Tell me about any early losses you experienced," is a: a) biological clinician b) sociocultural clinician c) psychodynamic clinician d) cognitive-behavioral clinician

c) psychodynamic clinician

The mood and thoughts of suicidal people are MOST often characterized as: a) tense and manic b) angry and aggressive c) sad and hopeless d) anxious and irrational

c) sad and hopeless

The age group MOST likely to commit suicide in the United States is: a) children b) adolescents c) the elderly d) young adults

c) the elderly

A client has been experiencing uncontrolled anxiety. His symptoms include edginess, sleep changes, fatigue, and significant distress. To meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, these symptoms must be present for _____ months or longer. a) 12 b) 3 c) 1 d) 6

d) 6

Which statement is MOST accurate? a) Long-term anxiety contributes to poor GABA reception. b) High GABA reception causes long-term anxiety. c) Anxiety is caused by deficient levels of GABA throughout the brain. d) Low GABA levels can increase activity in the fear circuit, leading to increased anxiety.

d) Low GABA levels can increase activity in the fear circuit, leading to increased anxiety.

How are the features of the "baby blues" different from the symptoms of peripartum depression? a) The symptoms of the two differ depending on the age of the mother and the number of children she has had. b) Both the "baby blues" and peripartum depression have the same symptoms. c) Unlike in peripartum depression, the symptoms of the "baby blues" persist for several months following the delivery of a baby. d) The symptoms of the "baby blues" are like those of peripartum depression, but are less severe and persistent.

d) The symptoms of the "baby blues" are like those of peripartum depression, but are less severe and persistent.

Which is MOST likely to elevate the mood in a person with depression? a) decrease in the levels of serotonin b) inhibition of serotonin synthesis c) blocking synaptic transmission at norepinephrine synapses d) increase in the levels of norepinephrine

d) increase in the levels of norepinephrine

Research suggests that one negative effect of adolescents using social media sites is that these sites may: a) encourage improper language skills b) expose children to negative news stories c) reward people for underperforming in school d) increase peer pressure

d) increase peer pressure

For people to decide about participating in psychological research, they must be given full knowledge of the nature of the study and their rights. This principle is called: a) risk disclosure b) privacy c) benefit analysis d) informed consent

d) informed consent

One cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades has been the: a) decrease in the effectiveness of medications b) decrease in the use of private psychotherapy c) move to the community mental health approach d) policy of deinstitutionalization

d) policy of deinstitutionalization

A patient participates in weekly therapy for several years, gradually becoming aware of the impact of early life events on present functioning. The form of psychotherapy that this patient is receiving is called: a) biological therapy b) behavior therapy c) cognitive therapy d) psychodynamic therapy

d) psychodynamic therapy

Which statement regarding suicide is TRUE? a) The suicide rate for non-Hispanic whites in the United States is the same as that for African Americans. b) Men are more likely to attempt suicide than women. c) Married people are more likely to commit suicide than adults who are single. d) American Indians have the highest suicide rate of any racial group in the United States.

d) American Indians have the highest suicide rate of any racial group in the United States.

Considering that numerous chromosomes have genetic markers that are associated with unipolar depression, which inference may we draw about the link between genetic factors and depression? a) Genetic screening should be used to identify those individuals who are at risk for developing depression. b) The genetic basis for depression is stronger than other factors that are linked to depression. c) People with genetic markers for depression are destined to develop depression at some point in their lifetime. d) Genetic factors alone are insufficient to explain why some people become depressed during their lifetime.

d) Genetic factors alone are insufficient to explain why some people become depressed during their lifetime.

Which approach helps people with depression identify and change the maladaptive assumptions and negative thoughts that contribute to their psychological disorder? a) sociocultural therapy b) psychodynamic therapy c) existential therapy d) cognitive-behavioral therapy

d) cognitive-behavioral therapy

What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related? a) obsessions generally lead to violent or immoral compulsions b) compulsions are a way to prevent obsessions from occurring c) obsessions are not related to compulsions d) compulsions help people control their obsessions

d) compulsions help people control their obsessions

If a person's bodily symptoms affect his or her voluntary motor and sensory functions, but the symptoms are inconsistent with known medical diseases, this condition is referred to as: a) selective symptomatology b) malingering c) illness anxiety disorder d) conversion disorder

d) conversion disorder

Ambivalent about dying, Brody repeatedly played a dangerous game involving gas and a cigarette lighter. Brody is an example of what Shneidman refers to as a: a) death initiator b) death ignorer c) death seeker d) death darer

d) death darer

Carla sees life in "right or wrong," "all or none" terms. She is engaging in: a) blaming b) psychache c) hopelessness d) dichotomous thinking

d) dichotomous thinking

morgan hears voices that others do not but is not distressed by them. this illustrates that: a) behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal b) behavior that is not rly dangerous can never be considered abnormal c) distress must always be used to determine abnormality d) distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal

d) distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal.

Adjunctive therapy to treat bipolar disorder commonly focuses on: a) preventing patients from abusing (overusing) the lithium to elevate their mood and increase energy. b) helping clients see that the medication is helping with the depression, even though they may still feel "low" sometimes. c) convincing clients to keep taking lithium even though they dislike the euphoria it causes. d) emphasizing the importance of taking the medication, even though they miss the creative and productive bursts they used to have.

d) emphasizing the importance of taking the medication, even though they miss the creative and productive bursts they used to have.

The moral treatment movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because: a) prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased b) fewer and fewer people were being sent to mental hospitals c) all patients needing treatment had to be helped d) hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded

d) hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded

The controversy regarding research with animals centers on the: a) lack of standards for using animals in research b) fact that animal research really doesn't contribute to human well-being c) financial cost of using animal versus the cost of research with humans d) rights of animals versus their usefulness in understanding human problems

d) rights of animals versus their usefulness in understanding human problems

A clinician who looks at the influence of race, living conditions, marital status, and roles on the development of depression would MOST likely subscribe to which theoretical orientation? a) psychodynamic b) humanistic c) cognitive-behavioral d) sociocultural

d) sociocultural

_____ is a treatment approach in which a therapist reintroduces clients to pleasurable activities, consistently reinforces nondepressive actions, and helps clients improve their social skills. a) behavioral therapy b) cognitive therapy c) sociocultural therapy d) psychodynamic therapy

a) behavioral therapy

If a clinician begins by asking, "Would you tell me about yourself?", the clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n): a) personality test b) mental status exam c) unstructured interview d) structured interview

c) unstructured interview

The individuals who are MOST likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are: a) male or high-income individuals b) female or high-income individuals c) male or low-income individuals d) female or low-income individuals

d) female or low-income individuals

What is the biggest difference between those individuals with body dysmorphic disorder and those individuals who are unhappy with their appearance? a) People with body dysmorphic disorder may severely limit their contact with other people. b) People with body dysmorphic disorder worry about their appearance. c) People with body dysmorphic disorder would change something about their appearance if they could. d) People with body dysmorphic disorder must consider suicide to get a diagnosis.

a) People with body dysmorphic disorder may severely limit their contact with other people.

Which statement is the BEST example of the biopsychosocial perspective? a) abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, biological, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, cultural, and societal influences b) there is one legitimate approach to understanding mental disorders c) abnormality is best explained by the sociocultural stresses that a person experiences d) eclectic approaches fail to take interactions of various models into account

a) abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, biological ,emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, cultural, and societal influences

When a person feels that the external world is removed, mechanical, distorted, or even dead, he or she is experiencing: a) derealization b) depersonalization c) doubling d) dissociative amnesia

a) derealization

The BEST example of malingering is a person who: a) feigns an illness to achieve some external gain, such as financial compensation b) falsely claims to have a terminal illness c) fakes an illness because he or she enjoys being a patient d) pretends to have an illness to get sympathy

a) feigns an illness to achieve some external gain, such as financial compensation

A person with _____ experiences wide-ranging and persistent feelings of worry and anxiety. a) generalized anxiety disorder b) obsessive-compulsive disorder c) social anxiety disorder d) specific phobia

a) generalized anxiety disorder

The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in older men seen at a clinic tells you the: a) total number of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic b) rate of sexual dysfunction in the community c) risk of a man developing sexual dysfunction d) number of new cases of sexual dysfunction over a period of time

a) total number of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic

Isaac had finally had enough of his inability to walk. He went to therapy and eventually addressed a traumatic car crash from his past. Over time, he began to walk again. According to his psychodynamic therapist, why did these positive changes occur? a) Isaac got increased rewards for healthy behaviors, which motivated him to walk. b) Isaac became conscious of and resolved his underlying fears, thereby eliminating the need to convert anxiety into physical symptoms. c) Isaac began to receive desired attention for his physical symptoms and illness d) The antidepressant medications Isaac was prescribed helped alleviate his physical symptoms as well as his feelings of anxiety and depression.

b) Isaac became conscious of and resolved his underlying fears, thereby eliminating the need to convert anxiety into physical symptoms.

Despite having clear economic disadvantages, the health of Hispanic Americans is, on average, at least as good as, and often better than, that of both non-Hispanic white Americans and African Americans. What is one theory that explains this paradox? a) There tend to be more hospitals in Hispanic American neighborhoods. b) The strong family support common in Hispanic American culture increases health resilience among members of this culture. c) Hispanic Americans do not face racial discrimination and, therefore, are under less stress. d) Hispanic Americans face less life stressors compared to other ethnic groups.

b) The strong family support common in Hispanic American culture increases health resilience among members of this culture.

When it comes to understanding mental disorders and medical problems, most researchers believe: a) psychological factors can explain all mental disorders and medical problems. b) both are often best understood when sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors are all taken into consideration. c) it is best to focus on biological factors and tailor treatment accordingly. d) it is often best not to focus on understanding the causes of mental disorders and medical problems because that takes time away from treatment.

b) both are often best understood when sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors are all taken into consideration.

A psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so her behavior is better understood. This study is a(n): a) longitudinal study b) case study c) correlational study d) experimental study

b) case study

A friend who has unipolar depression says, "I can't do anything right. Nobody will ever love me again." This statement reflects a(n): a) emotional symptom b) cognitive symptom c) motivational symptom d) behavioral symptom

b) cognitive symptom

Your aunt says, "I know I'm depressed, and I think and worry about my depression constantly; however, I never actually do anything about it." She is: a) providing an example of the cognitive triad. b) demonstrating a ruminative response. c) committing errors in logic. d) regressing toward the oral stage of development.

b) demonstrating a ruminative response.

The model of abnormality that MOST closely aligns with positive psychology is the _____ model. a) multicultural b) humanistic-existential c) psychodynamic d) family-social

b) humanistic-existential

A primary prevention approach is expected to be MOST beneficial for mental health issues with: a) ineffective treatment options b) known risk and protective factors c) unknown causes d) good long-term prognoses

b) known risk and protective factors

What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders? a) they are varieties of depression b) they are triggered by traumatic events c) they are new diagnoses, first appearing in DSM-5 d) they are most successfully treated with the same sort of medication: antipsychotics

b) they are triggered by traumatic events

Which phrase would one be MOST likely to hear in a self-help group? a) "I think it's important that you figure this out on your own" b) "the therapist will tell us what to do" c) "try this, it worked for me" d) "let's talk about our dreams"

c) "try this, it worked for me"

A person who witnessed a horrible car accident and then became unusually anxious and depressed for three weeks is probably experiencing: a) posttraumatic stress disorder b) combat fatigue c) acute stress disorder d) pretraumatic stress disorder

c) acute stress disorder

At a suicide prevention center, you hear a counselor say, "Do you have a gun? Is it loaded, and do you know how to use it?" Which one of the goals and techniques of suicide prevention do these questions BEST represent? a) understanding and clarifying the problem b) assessing and mobilizing the caller's resources c) assessing suicide potential d) establishing a positive relationship

c) assessing suicide potential

Kanaye has an erratic sleep cycle each month, regardless of which actions he takes. A typical cycle follows: Week 1: falls asleep around 6:00 P.M. and wakes around 2:00 A.M. Week 2: goes to sleep around 10:00 P.M. and wakes around 6:00 A.M. Week 3: cannot fall asleep until around 2:00 A.M., and then wakes around 10:00 A.M. Week 4: unable to fall asleep until 6:00 A.M. and wakes around 3:00 P.M. The appropriate diagnosis in this case is: a) narcolepsy. b) insomnia disorder. c) circadian rhythm disorder. d) hypersomnolence disorder.

c) circadian rhythm disorder.

College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because: a) they are just considered eccentric b) the behavior is not illegal c) drinking is considered part of college culture d) they don't harm anyone but themselves

c) drinking is considered part of college culture

Compared with physical disorders, insurance reimbursement for treatment of mental disorders prior to enactment of the Affordable Care Act was generally: a) nonexistent b) higher c) lower d) about the same

c) lower

An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called: a) generalized anxiety disorder b) obsessive-compulsive disorder c) phobic disorder d) panic disorder

c) phobic disorder

A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: a) projection b) denial c) rationalization d) regression

c) rationalization

Researchers have found that when an identical twin has unipolar depression, there is a 38 percent chance that the other twin has already had or will eventually have the same disorder. A fraternal twin is only 20 percent likely to have the same disorder. This finding: a) proves that unipolar depression does not have a genetic factor. b) demonstrates that if one sibling has unipolar depression, other siblings of the same sex are likely to develop the same disorder. c) supports the idea that people may inherit a predisposition for developing unipolar depression. d) shows that spending time with people who have unipolar depression increases an individual's own risk for developing the same disorder.

c) supports the idea that people may inherit a predisposition for developing unipolar depression.

Suicide rates in the weeks after Kurt Cobain's suicide held steady, contrary to the modeling effect seen with other celebrity suicides. The text notes that a possible reason for this was: a) the manner in which he killed himself, a gunshot to the head. b) his age at the time of death. c) the media coverage, which included a "Don't do it!" message. d) the area where he lived, which had a suicide rate that was lower than the national average.

c) the media coverage, which included a "Don't do it!" message.

Compared with men, women are _____ to develop generalized anxiety disorder. a) not at all likely b) equally likely c) twice as likely d) about half as likely

c) twice as likely

The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as: a) norms b) values c) morality d) culture

a) norms

A clinically depressed individual who has been threatening suicide finally shows diminishing of depressive symptoms. This person's risk of committing suicide: a) probably has decreased, although a slight risk remains. b) may have increased, because the person may have the energy to act on the suicidal impulse. c) has increased dramatically; almost no one who is depressed commits suicide until she or he is recovering. d) has decreased substantially; almost no one who is depressed commits suicide once recovery from depression is under way.

b) may have increased, because the person may have the energy to act on the suicidal impulse.

Compared with covert exposure therapy for combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, virtual reality exposure therapy has been shown to be: a) equally effective b) more effective c) less effective d) not at all effective

b) more effective

The assessment instrument MOST likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the: a) intelligence test b) neuropsychological test c) psychophysiological test d) projective test

b) neuropsychological test

_____ is the study of the connections between stress, the body's immune system, and illness. a) behavioral medicine b) psychoneuroimmunology c) behaviorism d) psychoanalysis

b) psychoneuroimmunology

Darla thinks she has bad luck. She repeatedly says, "Bad things just happen to me. It doesn't matter what I do. If it can go wrong, it will. And it always does." How does this thinking relate to the development of stress disorders? a) she is less likely to develop a stress disorder b) she is more susceptible to a stress disorder c) she will definitely develop a stress disorder during her lifetime d) there is no correlation between the two

b) she is more susceptible to a stress disorder

An important factor to consider when prescribing drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that: a) drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior. b) some people do not benefit from drug treatments. c) the adverse effects of drugs may result in a worse quality of life than the abnormality brings. d) drugs cannot be combined with other forms of treatment.

b) some people do not benefit from drug treatments

The incidence of HIV-positive cases on campus tells you: a) the on-campus HIV positive rate compared to the national average b) the number of new HIV-positive cases measured in a time period c) the total number of HIV-positive cases at a given point d) a person's risk of becoming HIV positive

b) the number of new HIV-positive cases measured in a time period

Who is MOST at risk for misinterpreting a cultural response as pathology? a) an ethnic-minority assessor b) a male assessor c) a female assessor d) a dominant-culture assessor

d) a dominant-culture assessor

A young woman believes that everything negative that happens to her is her own fault, that she ruins everything, and that she always will. The therapist diagnoses her as suffering from a learned helplessness-induced depression because she attributes negative events in her life to: a) internal, global, unstable factors b) internal, specific, stable factors c) internal, specific, unstable factors d) internal, global, stable factors

d) internal, global, stable factors

Why do some researchers believe dissociative identity disorder is culture-bound? a) it has been tied to specific religious practices b) it affects women more frequently than men c) it affects only about 1% of the population d) it is rare or nonexistent in certain countries

d) it is rare or nonexistent in certain countries

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy? a) somatic nervous system b) peripheral nervous system c) sympathetic nervous system d) parasympathetic nervous system

d) parasympathetic nervous system

The use of various technologies to deliver mental health services without the therapist being physically present is called: a) community mental health b) self-help or group help c) managed care d) telemental health

d) telemental health

Electroconvulsive therapy is MOST commonly recommended when: a) depression is mild to moderate b) the patient first comes to therapy c) suicide is not judged to be a significant risk d) the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs

d) the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs

A friend asks you, "What's the name of that Tom Hanks' movie where a pirate takes over his ship and says, 'I'm the captain now'?" You remember the movie and know you know the title, but you can't think of it in the moment. This is an example of: a) absentmindedness b) deja vu c) jamais vu d) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

d) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon