PSYC 200 chapter 1-6

Changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, the hormonal changes of puberty, and cardiovascular decline are all examples of _____ processes that affect development. A. biological B .cognitive C. cultural D. socioemotional

A. Biological

________, the units of hereditary information, are short segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They help cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins. A. Genes B. RNA C. Chromosomes D. Ribosomes

A. Genes

________ involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding. A. temperament B. social referencing C. perception D. attachment

A. Temperament

Erik Erikson describes the second stage of personality development as the stage of _____ versus shame and doubt. A. autonomy B. curiosity C. fear D. dependence

A. autonomy

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in A. behavioral organization B. independence C. sensation D. reciprocal socialization

A. behavioral organization

Infants can see objects before they can control their torso, and they can use their hands long before they can crawl or walk. This would indicate that they have a _____ pattern of growth. A. cephalocaudal B. proximocaudal C. cephalodistal D. proximodistal

A. cephalocaudal

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and did not seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as being A. insecure avoidant B. insecure antisocial C. insecure resistant D. securely attached

A. insecure avoidant

Which of the following statements is true about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? A. It usually occurs when infants stop breathing, usually during night, and die suddenly without any apparent reason. B. Its level of risk is high at 36 to 48 months of age for infants. C. It is the least common cause of infant deaths in the United States. D. Its level of risk is high when infants sleep on their backs, in a supine position.

A. it usually occurs when the infant stops breathing, usually during night, and die suddenly without any apparent reason

Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries of development through the life span. This indicates how development is_______ A. multidisciplinary B. multidimensional C. plastic D. multidirectional

A. multidisciplinary

The most common infant sleep-related problem reported by parents is ________. A. nighttime waking B. sleepwalking C. choking D. sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A. nighttime walking

Using rehearsal, we can keep information in short-term memory for a much longer period. In this context, rehearsal means A. repeating information after it has been presented. B. taking regular memory-span tests. C. preparing for a memory-span test. D. doing mental exercises daily to keep one's mind sharp.

A. repeating information after it has been presented

Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through A. social interaction B. self-discovery C. the reorganization of existing knowledge D. transforming previous knowledge

A. social interaction

In the second year of life, infants tend to "check" with their mother before they act; they look at her to see if she is happy, angry, or fearful. This is an example of ________ A. social referencing B. reciprocal socialization C. infinite generativity D. deferred imitation

A. social referencing

_____ processes involve changes in the individual's relationships with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality. A. Socioemotional B. Cognitive C. Biological D. Polycentric

A. socioemotional

The social role theory suggests that: A. the social hierarchy and division of labor are important causes of gender differences in power, assertiveness, and nurturing. B. nature is the primary determinant of differences between the social labels that we call "gender." C. the mother role and the father role are social constructions that have emerged from our evolutionary past. D. social roles are chosen, not determined

A. the social hierarchy and division of labor are important causes of gender differences in power, assertiveness, and nurturing.

A parent who uses a restrictive, punitive style to control the behavior of his or her children is a(n) A. indulgent parent B. authoritarian parent C.authoritative parent D. neglectful parent

B. Authoritarian parent

Suzie, aged three, must eat everything on her plate at dinner. When she does not, her father punishes her by sending her to bed without dinner the next day. Suzie also has strict schedules for playing, watching television, and studying, and any disobedience leads to spanking and punishment. Suzie's father is most likely a(n) A. neglectful parent B. authoritarian parent C. authoritative parent D. indulgent parent

B. Authoritarian parent

Which of the following emotions is expressed by infants in the first six months of life? A. Shame B. Fear C. Jealousy D. Embarrassment

B. Fear

Which of the following statements about childhood obesity is true? A. Obesity actually leads to a decrease in hypertension levels in children when they are 5 years of age. B. Children who are overweight at age 3 are also at risk of being overweight at age 12. C. There is no indication that overweight children will become overweight adults. D. No link has been found between obesity and type 2 (adult-onset) diabetes in children.

B. children who are overweight at age 3 are also at risk of being overweight at age 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding emotions? A. Embeddedness in relationships prevents diversity in emotional experiences B. Emotions are influenced by biological foundations. C. Social relationships seldom provide the setting for the development of emotions. D. Self-conscious emotions are the first language with which parents and infants communicate.

B. emotions are influenced by biological foundations

Combining the genes of two parents in offspring increases ________ in the population, which is valuable for a species because it provides more characteristics for natural selection to operate on. A. the number of females B. genetic variability C. genetic uniformity D. the number of males

B. genetic variability

Keesha's father died unexpectedly in an accident when she was four years old. This incident will likely affect Keesha's development and is an example of a: A. normative history graded influence B. nonnormative life event C. normative age graded influence D. nonnormative hisotry graded influence

B. nonnormative life event

Ethel is 50 years old but appears much more aged. Most of Ethel's relatives have not lived past the age of 60. Which of the following genes are responsible for the accelerated aging observed in Ethel and her family members? A. longevity genes B. susceptibility genes C. mutated genes D. vulnerability genes

B. susceptibility genes

Jerome, 6, and Hani, 10, get up early on Saturday morning and decide to make "breakfast in bed" for their mother. While reaching for the bed tray in the back of the hall cabinet, they accidentally break one of their mother's favorite porcelain dolls. Jerome knows that he's going to get into "big trouble." Hani tells him not to worry because Mom would understand that it was an accident. In what stage would Jean Piaget categorize the moral reasoning of Jerome and Hani? A. Jerome—autonomous morality; Hani—heteronomous morality B. Jerome—universal law morality; Hani—context-specific morality C. Jerome—heteronomous morality; Hani—autonomous morality Jerome—context-specific morality; Hani—universal law morality

C. Jerome- heteronomous mortality; Hani- autonomous mortality

In the context of the types of children's play, which of the following is a form of play that occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution? A. social play B. collective play C. constructive play D. games

C. constructive play

Barbara monitors her children's emotions. Her daughter is upset because she got reprimanded by her teacher. Barbara initially ignores her daughter's lamentations but then decides to try to change her daughter's emotions by saying that everyone gets reprimanded and that it is not a big deal. Barbara's approach of talking to her daughter about her negative emotions indicates that Barbara is a(n) A. indulgent parent B. authoritarian parent C. emotion-dismissing D. emotion-coaching

C. emotion- dismissing

Researchers have found that in children from 3 to 6 years of age, the most rapid growth takes place in the _____ lobe areas of the brain. A. occipital B. temporal C. frontal D. parietal

C. frontal

_____ develop from a single zygote that splits into two genetically matching replicas, each of which becomes a person. A. Triplets B. Quadruplets C. Identical twins D. Fraternal twins

C. identical twins

Young children tend to believe that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. This indicates a belief in the concept of: A. authoritative justice B. concrete justice C. immanent justice D. swift justice

C. immanent justice

Erin, a 90-year-old, is healthy and leads an active lifestyle. Most of her relatives have lived to an old age. Researchers have found that Erin's family carries genes related to stress resistance, immunity, and metabolism that help extend life by repairing and protecting body tissues. In this scenario, which of the following genes are most likely responsible for Erin living to an old age? A. susceptibility genes B. mutated genes C. longevity genes D. complimentary genes

C. longevity genes

One of the major changes in brain development between the ages of 3 and 15 involves an increase in the speed and efficiency of information traveling through the nervous system. This change is brought about by _____. A. centration B. tropism C. myelination D. neurogenesis

C. myelination

________ involves an increase in the speed and efficiency of information traveling through the nervous system during brain development in children between the ages of 3 and 5. A. tropism B. neurogenesis C. myelination D. centration

C. myelintaion

The ________ pattern of growth is the developmental sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. A. proximocaudal B. cephalocaudal C. proximodistal D. cephlodisital

C. proximodistal

When babies engage in physical activity or use language, some synaptic connections will be strengthened, while the unused ones will be replaced by other pathways or disappear. A neuroscientist would identify this process as A. myelination B. paring C. pruning D. lateralization

C. pruning

In which of the following situations will 9-month-old Lucy show the LEAST stranger anxiety? A. When she meets a passive stranger in an unfamiliar place B. When she meets an unsmiling stranger at her home C. When she meets another 9-month old baby at her home D. When she meets an aggressive stranger in an unfamiliar place

C. when she meets another 9 month old baby at her home

Genetic testing has found that Gary, Ben, Tara, and Matt all carry a copy of a gene for hemophilia. However, Tara, who is the only female out of the four, does not show any signs of the disease, whereas Gary, Ben, and Matt have developed the disease. In this scenario, it can be inferred that hemophilia is most likely a(n) A. sex-linked chromosomal abnormality. B. autosomal dominant disorder. C. gene-linked abnormality. D. X-Linked disease

D. X linked disease

Females who have one abnormal copy of a mutated gene on the X chromosome are known as A. promoters B. patients C. inhibitors D. carriers

D. carriers

When Brianna is upset her mother facilitates open discussion about why she is upset and helps her figure out how to deal with the negative emotions. Therefore, Brianna's mother takes an _____ approach to parenting. A. emotion-encouraging B. emotion-criticizing C. emotion-dismissing D. emotion-coaching

D. emotion- coaching

Melanie, a 4-year-old child, ties her shoelaces on her own and skillfully uses a fork and a spoon. In the context of motor development, which of the following is most likely involved in this scenario? A. Moro reflex B. grasping C. gross motor skills D. fine motor skills

D. fine motor skills

A fertilized human egg cannot grow into a crocodile, duck, or fish specifically because of A. adaptive behavior B. environmental influence C. social influence D. genetic code

D. genetic code

When she was a child, Anna's home was wrecked by a tornado and her neighbor was killed. More than 30 years later, she is still terrified of storms. This is an example of how a _____ event can influence a person's development. A. normative generational B. normative age-graded C. normative history-graded D. nonnormative life

D. nonnormative life

Most _____ emotions don't occur until after the first year, according to most developmental psychologists. A. unconscious B. primary C. negative D. self-conscious

D. self-concious

In the context of the types of children's play, the play in which infants engage in exploratory and playful visual and motor transactions in the second quarter of the first year of life is known as A. constructive play B. social play C. practice play D. sensorimotor play

D. sensorimotor play

________ means the capacity for change. A. tenacity B. contextuality C. plasticity D. elasticity

c. plasticity

By age 51, most women enter menopause. This is an example of how a biological process can exert a ________influence on development. A. nonnormative age graded B. normative history graded C. nonnormative multidimensional D. normative age graded

normative age graded