PSYC 203 Exam 1 Practice

Dr. Valencia decides to empirically test the internal reliability of her measure. Which of the following Chronbach's alpha values would make her most happy? a. 0.10 b. −0.03 c. 0.95 d. −0.98

0.95

Which of the following criteria must be satisfied in order to establish a causal relationship? a. two variables must be associated b. the causal variable must come before the outcome variable c. no other explanation can exist for the association d. all of the above must be satisfied in order to establish a causal relationship

All of the above must be satisfied in order to establish a causal relationship

"People who eat apples more frequently are more energetic." What type of claim is this? a. Frequency claim b. Association claim c. Causal claim d. Internal claim

Association Claim

Claudia measures belonging, similarity, and self-confidence in a sample of 100 Simmons students. She calculates correlations between these measures. These are reported in the figure below. Which of the following variables are significantly correlated? a. Belonging and Similarity b. Belonging and Self-Confidence c. Self-Confidence and Similarity d. Both b and c

Belonging and Similarity

In Claudia's study she has half of the participants answer questions about belonging first and the other half of participants answer questions about belonging last. This procedure is called ______ and is recommended when you have concerns about _____. a. Reverse-coding/order effects b. Reverse-coding/Acquiescence bias c. Counter-balancing/order effects d. Counter-balancing/ Acquiescence bias

Counter-balancing/order effects

Claudia's key dependent variable is belonging. Based on prior research and theory she believes belonging should be related to similarity, and unrelated to self-confidence. She measures belonging, similarity, and self-confidence. Her measure of self-confidence is assessing a. Interval Validity b. Convergent Validity c. Discriminant Validity d. External Validity

Discriminant Validity

Based on the figure above, you'd expect Claudia to conclude that she has relatively ____ evidence in favor of convergent validity and relatively ____ evidence in favor of discriminant validity a. Favorable/favorable b. Favorable/unfavorable c. Unfavorable/favorable d. Unfavorable/unfavorable

Favorable/favorable

Claudia is studying the effect of political party membership on belonging on campus. She has students indicate whether they are registered as democrats, independents, republicans, or unregistered. She is measuring political party membership on what scale? a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio

Nominal

Dr. Ellison finds a relationship between the number of hours people sleep and their problem solving skill. Specifically, sleeping more hours is associated with solving more problems. This is an example of which type of association? a. Negative association b. Positive association c. Zero association d. Causal association

Positive association

Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. In the study, the researcher made the claim that a majority of middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. Clarissa questions the study, saying, "I am not convinced- I am not sure you can really measure being bullied." Quinn also questions the study, saying, "Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Clarissa is concerned with __________ and Quinn is concerned with __________. a. construct validity / external validity b. construct validity / internal validity c. statistical validity / external validity d. statistical validity / internal validity

construct validity / external validity

A researcher is interested in what presidential candidate students at Massachusetts colleges voted for. To find out, the researchers randomly select 5 of the campuses and within each campus they randomly select 200 students to survey. What type of sampling procedure is this? a. cluster sampling b. multistage sampling c. simple random sampling d. systematic sampling

multistage sampling