PSYC 300 quiz 6

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

What is the main idea of operant conditioning?

Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments

Although F. Skinner and John Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectation play a role in learning, ___ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.

Edward Tolman

a pigeon receives a food pellet every 30 seconds that it spends pecking a green button. This is a

Fixed interval reinforcement

Which of the following is an example of a variable ratio reinforcement schedule?

Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets

According to Albert Bandura, ________.

Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.

What was the main conclusion of Ivan Pavlov's research with dogs?

Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Little Billy is given a sticker chart as a means to encourage good behavior at home. Whenever Billy does a chore (e.g. wash the dishes or mop the floor) he is a given a sticker In other terms, what could we call the stickers given to billy?

Secondary reinforcer

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to falls

Spontaneous recovery

Classical and operant conditioning are forms or ____ learning

associational

When an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together in the environment, this can be called

associative learning

What is the first step in copying modeled behavior?

attention

What is the process by which we learn to associate stimuli with reflex-like responses

classical conditioning

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and consequently, to anticipate events?

classical conditioning

Behaviors that are followed by consequences that are satisfying to the organism are more likely to be repeated, and behaviors that are followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated. This idea is called the...

law of effect

When a stimulus is added in order to increase a behavior, this is

positive reinforcement

If I took my son out for ice cream each time he scored a touchdown during his football games, I would be using the ice cream as a

primary reinforcer

Which one of the following has innate reinforcing qualities?

primary reinforcer

Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the morning at an amusement park. After a few hours or riding the Super Looper Double Twist Dimitri feels nauseous and regurgitates the donuts. Rita is fine, but Dimitri has developed a ____, and the next time they stop for donuts, Dimitri immediately feels ill.

taste aversion

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park