psyc 3000 exam 2

Cronbach's alpha

-Based on individual items -Uses inter-item correlations -Most commonly reported

split-half reliability

-How do the scores on one half of the items to the other

Item-total correlations

-Info on each item -Find best/worst items

face validity

-it looks good -weak type of Validity ex: buzzfeed quizzes

objective violation

-loaded question -lead people to respond in one way ex: "do you favor elimination the wasteful excesses in the public school budget?" "do you favor investing in our children's future by increasing the public school budget?"

tables

-no '#' -note is italicized but not info after it -decimals are consistent

figures

-you should use a sans-serif font like arial -no smaller than 8 font, and no bigger than 14 point -circles and triangles (open and filled) are preferred -no extraneous features (e.g. color, 3-D effects, and gridlines -figures need to be self-explanatory

categorical

3+ categories

standard deviation

a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

z-score

a measure of how many standard deviations you are away from the norm (average or mean)

brief

as short as possible

introduction

begins on the third page of the manuscript. the abstract presents the research question, a summary of the method, the basic results, and the most important conclusions

table titles

brief, but clear and explanatory, important words capitalized, above each table.

BRUSO

brief, relevant, unambiguous, specific, objective

mode

categorical

which is true about the difference between open-ended and closed-ended questions?

closed-ended questions are better for comparing groups

discriminant validity

compared to different constructs: weak relationships or different relationship with criteria

people with a job that requires converting values from the standard to the metric system, score higher on a math proficiency test than people whose jobs require proofreading grammar. this test has _____ validity

concurrent

mean

continuous data

median

continuous data with outliers

Moses finds that his measure of honesty has a high correlation with Tracey's measure of integrity. this is an example of _____ validity.

convergent

Performance of basketball players increases as arousal increases from low to moderate levels, then decreases as arousal becomes extremely high.

curvilinear

conceptual definition

dictionary definition

Anne's measure of language skills is not related to a measure of math ability. this is an example of ____ validity.

discriminant

specific violation

double barred questions. ex: "have you ever smoked a cigarette or injected heroin?" -two questions to issues

interrater reliability

each rater agrees on what they

continuous

interval & ratio

Which section is this statement most likely from? Griffin (2014) found that eyewitness testimony was rated as the most important even though it was the least reliable.

introduction

Which section is this statement most likely from? Based on previous research, we predict that women will score higher in empathy than men.

introduction

relevant

make sense to the measure

concurrent validity

measure currently linked with criterion behavior/categorization. ex: shyness measure given to people with different sales jobs

predictive

measure predicts future behavior.

convergent validity

measure relates to similar measures

Which section is this statement most likely from? Participants were then asked to complete a series of online questionnaires.

method

internal consistency

multiple items, one construct

As people gain experience speaking in public, their anxiety level decreases.

negative

Increased partying behavior is associated with decreased grades.

negative

unambiguous violation

negative wording. ex: "should students not be given more assignments?"

are figure titled?

no

Do you favor preserving our beautiful national forests?

objective

dichotomous

only 2 categories

construct validity

operational = theoretical definition

Increased calorie intake is associated with increased body weight.

positive

Kathy is developing a measure of skills needed for the successful performance of a job. she includes items that the job supervisor feels are relevant for the job. Kathy's measure has ____ validity.

predictive

if candidates who score high on a medical college admissions test do better in medical school than those who score low on this test, this test has ___ validity.

predictive

operational definition

refer how you will define and measure a specific variable as it is used in your study.

the consistency of a measurement tool is the ____, and the accuracy of a measurement tool the ____.

reliability; validity

Which section is this statement most likely from? Only one of our three hypotheses was supported by the findings.

results

Which section is this statement most likely from? Those in the experimental condition remembered more words (M = 15) than those in the control condition (M = 11).

results

test-rest reliability

same measure given two times. consistency overtime

Agree or disagree: I respect people who are kind and intelligent.

specific

discussion

summary of the research, theoretical implications, practical implications, limitations, and suggestions for the future

abstract

summary of the study. the second page of the manuscript and is headed with the Abstract. presents the research question, a summary of the method, the basic results, and the most important conclusions

Sally has recently developed a new assessment. She gave her assessment to a group of participants on Wednesday. She then waited 4 weeks and gave the same participants the same assessment again. Sally is testing:

test-retest reliability

Which of the following is NOT a measure of internal consistency?

test-retest reliability

Johnny conducts a study and finds the relationship between the amount of candy eaten and the amount of weight gained to be negative, r = -.45. What does this mean?

the more candy eaten, the less weight gained.

reverse coding

the value assigned for a response is treated oppositely from the other items

title page

title is centered in the upper half of the page, with each important word capitalized. the title should be clearly and concisely (in about 12 words or fewer) communicate the primary variables and research question

Agree or disagree: If I were ever in a situation where I purchased something and the person running the cash register gave me too much change, I would return the money, as long as I noticed that an error had been made.

trief

closing

typically the final program or two. usually includes two important elements. the first is a clear statement of the main research question or hypothesis

Should professors not be required to take daily attendance? 1 = Definitely no; 5 = Definitely yes

unambiguous

opening

usually a paragraph or two in length, introduces the research question and explains why it is interesting

When would the internal consistency of a measure be important?

when there are multiple items measuring one construct

yea-saying and nay-saying

when you ask several questions about a topic, a respondent may employ a response set to agree or disagree with all the questions

method section

where you describe how you conducted your study. an import

results

where you present the main results of the study including the results of the statistical analyses