PSYC 3221 - Dr. Schoemann

Chris is a playground bully. He finds that he can win the admiration of his peers by acting aggressively. Chris's aggressive behavior is encouraged by

positive reinforcement

Following a terrible car accident, Ruby is anxious, socially withdrawn, has difficulty sleeping, and experiences flashbacks of the crash. Ruby is most likely suffering from

posttraumatic stress disorder

Bonnie dislikes all lawyers. This is an example of

prejudice

Actions intended to benefit others are called

prosocial behaviors

A negative reaction to the feeling that one's freedom is being threatened is called

psychological reactance

Arnold wears suits every day to his job at the bank, but when he is at home in the evening and on weekends, he spends most of his time naked because that is what he finds most comfortable. Arnold's daytime behavior illustrates

public conformity

Research on situational factors that influence helping demonstrates that

the lower the overall population, the more likely people are to help

Mario believes that people desire and form relationships with others who are similar in terms of physical attractiveness. Mario subscribes to

the matching hypothesis

Groupthink emerges when

the need for agreement takes priority over the desire to obtain correct information

Eric does not really know how to answer the essay question about cognitive dissonance on his social psychology exam. He decides to write as many facts as he knows about the topic of attitudes in his exam book, hoping that the professor will not read the exams too closely and will be impressed enough by the length of his essay to give him a good score. Eric is hoping to take advantage of

the peripheral route to persuasion

The experience of being ostracized has been found to be

similar in brain activation to the experience of physical pain

All else being equal, social psychologists prefer a(n) ________ theory to a(n) _______ theory.

simple; complex

Assessment centers' multidimensional approach to making hiring decisions is

good at predicting who will make a good employee, assumed to be more effective than traditional interviews, quite expensive.

Manny needs help, and Pedro is capable of giving it. Pedro is more likely to help if he

has a shared identity with Manny

Regarding confession, research reveals that it is

helpful to open up so long as the source you confess to is validating

Kirk passes a homeless person on the street. Kirk is most likely to help this person if the costs of

helping are small, and Kirk will feel better about himself by helping

A negative, antagonistic attitude toward another person or group is called

hostility

Kwame, a noted psychologist, has been called as an expert witness in a trial. Kwame is likely to provide testimony concerning all of the following except

hypnosis increases the accuracy of eyewitness memory

Electronic brainstorming may be more effective than face-to-face group brainstorming because it

inhibits free riding

A socialization explanation for gender differences in aggressive tendencies

might consider ways in which parents react differently to the aggressive actions of young boys versus girls

Suppose the correlation between the number of times couples go to the movies and the number of times they go out to dinner is +0.79. Among the following conclusions, which one is not consistent with this computation?

Because the correlation coefficient is less than 1.0, the association between these two variables is very weak and probably unreliable

Denise and Brandon are just getting to know each other. Each compliments how the other one looks. Given the research on men, women, and sexuality, which of the outcomes is most likely?

Brandon will interpret Denise's compliment as a sexual come-on

Following a school shooting event, most people are confronted with the reality that their safety cannot be guaranteed and that their own death at any moment is quite possible. According to terror management theory, which individual below will feel the least anxious in response to this sort of confrontation?

Emanuel, who just found out that he scored very well on his ACT

Based on the principles of social learning theory, which of the following measures is most likely to be successful in teaching a child to act nonviolently?

Exposing the child to older models who act non-aggressively in response to provoking situations

Frank gets a bit anxious in social situations and tends to scratch his nose when he speaks. Toward which of the following people is he most likely to feel positively?

Felicia, who mimics Frank's behavior and scratches her nose while they speak

Louie runs a clinic that helps individuals to quit smoking, and he would like to use fear to motivate his clients. Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

First scare clients by showing them gory lung-cancer operations. Then outline the specific steps they could follow to stop smoking

Gretel wants to be as accurate and fair as she can when evaluating her subordinates. Which of the following would help her be both accurate and fair in her evaluations?

Gretel receives training on the biases of social perception and gives her subordinates clear performance standards

Both Jorge and Jocelyn are applying for two residencies after medical school: orthopedic surgery (a traditionally male-dominated residency) and pediatrics (a traditionally female-dominated residency). If Jorge and Jocelyn have similar academic records, it is likely that

Jorge will get more orthopedic surgery interviews and Jocelyn will get more pediatric interviews

Marcia has two boyfriends, Davie and Mickey, both of whom she likes very much. She has decided that dating both of them is making her life too complicated and, after careful deliberation, has decided to stop seeing Davie and continue dating only Mickey. According to cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following should happen next?

Mickey will seem more attractive than ever, convincing Marcia that she made the right choice

Which person will experience the greatest negative emotional consequence to self-discrepancy?

Mira, who thinks she ought to be much heavier than she is, and weight and appearance is very important to her

A set of beliefs about a group cannot be considered a stereotype if it is

None of these

The ABCs of social psychology are affect, behavior, and cognition. Put the three major concepts of Chapter 5 in this ABC order by considering whether they correspond to affect, behavior, or cognition.

Prejudice, discrimination, stereotyping

A stereotype exists in many cultures that men are better than women at math. Ramya is about to take a diagnostic achievement test in math. According to research on stereotype threat, under which of the following conditions is Ramya most likely to perform poorly on the test?

Ramya is asked to indicate her gender at the beginning of the test

Based on research concerning the link between stress and illness, which of the following people is most likely to actually contract a cold if exposed to a cold virus?

Samantha, who has been unemployed for two months

Linsday is a freshman at college, and has her first serious boyfriend there. Her parents can't stand him. According to Brehm's theory of psychological reactance, what should her parents do to discourage the relationship?

Say very little about him one way or the other to Lindsay

How do scientists measure stressors and their effects?

Self-report and physiological measures

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the relationship between the Internet and contemporary social psychology research?

The Internet facilitates collaboration among researchers, but is also, in and of itself, a provocative topic for empirical inquiry.

A pattern of behavior characterized by extremes of competitive striving for achievement, a sense of time urgency, hostility, and aggression is called

Type A personality

Jurors in criminal trials often fail to fully discount coerced confessions. In what sense can the fundamental attribution error explain this tendency?

We tend to think that no situational influences could be strong enough to lead someone to confess to something they did not do

Which of the following is not an impediment to women trying to reach the top in executive positions?

Women have been less effective when placed in top positions

All of the following are characteristic of the field of social psychology today except

a concern for the lack of ethical standards in research

Harwin is hooked up to a mechanical instrument that records his heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and sweat gland activity. Harwin is being subjected to

a polygraph test

Oscar, an advertiser, develops a commercial for Crispy Crunch Crackling Cereal. Suppose children, processing information via the central route, watch the commercial. The commercial will be more likely to persuade the kids to want the cereal if it has all of the following except

an attractive spokesperson

Sarunas is a social psychologist. Of the following studies, he is probably most interested in reading about one demonstrating the effects of

attitude similarity on interpersonal attraction

Affectionate feelings toward women based on the belief that women need protection are referred to as _____ sexism.

benevolent

A researcher wanted to see if alcohol consumption raises or lowers a person's self-esteem. In one condition, he gives participants three glasses of punch spiked with alcohol and in the other he gives participants three glasses of plain punch. After participants finish their punch, they complete the Rosenberg (1965) self-esteem scale. In this study, self-esteem is the ________ and the Rosenberg questionnaire is the ________.

conceptual dependent variable; operational dependent variable

You think all professors are a bit nerdy and have esoteric interests. You find out that your social psychology professor can sing the theme song to any television show that aired in the 1970s or 1980s, and is also fluent in the Star Trek language of Klingon. You believe that your stereotype has been confirmed by this professor. This is an example of

confirmation bias

Imagine that some researchers conducted a study and interpreted the results of the study as indicative of normative influence. These researchers are most likely to reach this conclusion if participants in their study

conformed because they feared the social consequences of appearing deviant

A half-dozen high school students are going to a concert. Chantal wants to wear a new colorful outfit that she just received as a gift, but she assumes that her five friends will all be wearing nothing but black leather. Chantal decides to do likewise, and leaves her colorful outfit in the closet. Chantal's behavior is an example of

conformity

A factor other than the independent variable that varies between conditions of an experiment is called a(n)

confound

Martha is accused of insider trading. During a polygraph test, she is asked if she ever littered as a child. This question is an example of a

control question

People often try to relieve the distress of being underpaid or overpaid by

convincing themselves that equity already exists

Teddi wants everyone in her department to do well. Jerry wants to make sure he does better than everyone else in his department. Teddi has a(n) _____ social value orientation, while Jerry has a(n) _____ social value orientation.

cooperative; competitive

A young boy is an avid Mets fan. He reads the statistics for the team in the newspaper every day and goes to Shea Stadium a couple of times each summer to see the Mets play. After the Mets have a particularly bad losing streak, the boy decides that he also likes the Yankees and starts to root for them. This is an example of

cutting off reflected failure

Giles volunteers his time to his local community center because he thinks it will look good on his college applications. Giles's behavior would best be described as

egoistic

"Good Samaritan" laws

encourage bystanders to intervene in emergencies, increase the cost of failing to help, are fairly rare in the United States.

Josiah is trying to get hired by the New Directions Company. All of the following will help his cause except

engaging in self-effacement

Bruno just finished working out at the gym. On his way to the locker room, he passes Charmaigne, a very pretty woman. Bruno feels his heart pounding and is convinced that he must be in love with Charmaigne. Bruno's feelings are best explained by

excitation transfer

One way for the social connection of a community to increase is to

experience a natural disaster

The distressing effects of a natural disaster are most likely to emerge among an individual who

experienced the most danger during the event

Rosenthal and Fode (1968) asked students to teach a rat to learn a maze. Some students were told they had been given a genetically engineered "intelligent" rat, whereas others were told that they had a "dull" rat. Although there were no actual differences among the rats, the "intelligent" rats learned the maze more quickly than the "dull" rats. Which of the following topics discussed in your book can best explain the results of this experiment?

experimenter expectancy effect

The difference between aggression and violence is best described as one of

extremity

Carmelo is an extremely talented basketball player, and professional teams keep offering him lots of money to play for them. Though he doesn't particularly enjoy playing basketball, he continues to do so because of the money. In this situation, Carmelo is

extrinsically motivated

Bernard is an African-American professional. Research suggests fairly clearly that he will be more likely than a Caucasian professional to

feel excluded socially from informal work groups

Sean believes that he has a high sense of control over his own health, so when his kidney transplant unexpectedly fails, he is likely to

feel particularly depressed

According to the collective effort model, social loafing is more likely when people

feel that their input will not compensate for social loafing by others

Arianna notices that her neighbor's house is on fire. According to the arousal: cost-reward model, her initial reaction should be

feelings of personal distress.

Michael, the regional manager of his company, believes that Jim is a personable and productive individual. When asked to rate Jim's leadership skills, Michael does not have much to go on and therefore assumes he is also a good leader. This is an example of a(n)

halo effect

Ming was involved in a civil dispute that came to trial. Though unhappy with the judge's decision, he felt that he truly had the chance to express his views and present his case completely. Ming apparently was most satisfied with

his process control

Gender stereotypes are prescriptive. This means that gender stereotypes

identify what men and women should be like

Research concerning coping with divorce suggests that

immediately after a divorce, life satisfaction ratings tend to increase somewhat

Finnegan notices his wife talking to another man and flies into a jealous rage. According to the evolutionary perspective, Finnegan's behavior is designed to

increase his confidence in the paternity of his offspring.

It seems that every Halloween night in Gotham is marred by violence and vandalism. In order to reduce the likelihood of such behavior, the leaders of Gotham should

increase self-awareness by making sure everyone who goes out wears a name tag

Charice, a teenaged girl, is angry with her friend, so she tells all her other friends that this girl is a slut. Carmen's behavior illustrates

indirect aggression

Dr. Henry is a psychologist who studies practical issues concerning personnel selection, performance appraisals, and group leadership. She is probably a(n)

industrial/organizational psychologist

Biased sampling in groups is the process whereby

information that is known by many group members tends to enter into the discussion more than information known only by a few

All of the following reduced the level of obedience in the Milgram experiment except

informing the participants that the experimenter assumed responsibility for the learner's welfare

A social psychology graduate student who works long hours for little pay becomes increasingly convinced that she loves social psychology. This student's attitude toward her chosen field of study is most likely the result of

insufficient justification

Samantha and David had no close friends outside of their marriage but instead relied on each other for everything. When the marriage failed, they were both extremely distressed, most likely as a result of their

interdependence

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the basic components of love are

intimacy, passion, and commitment.

Dara loves to paint in her spare time. Painting is an enjoyable activity for her. Her desire to paint may best be explained by

intrinsic motivation

In comparison to obedience and compliance, conformity

involves less direct pressure from others

Deion is least likely to imitate the aggressive behaviors of Darcy if Darcy

is punished for behaving aggressively.

The more products a celebrity endorses, the

less trustworthy she becomes in the eyes of consumers

Research on obedience suggests that participation in the Holocaust was

likely driven by situation factors that would influence anyone similarly

Although Heloise would like to quit smoking, she is convinced that she is addicted and will never be able to stop. With respect to smoking, Heloise is

low in self-efficacy

According to an evolutionary perspective, males are competitive with each other because

males are predisposed to sexual jealousy, females select high-status males for mating, aggression enhances the male's confidence in the paternity of his offspring.

In sociometer theory, the sociometer is a

mechanism that helps us detect acceptance versus rejection and translate that perception into high- versus low self-esteem

Brady and Quinn are trying to develop an ad campaign in which a key element is the trustworthiness of the message's communicator. Toward this end, they may wish to utilize

overheard communications

Which hormone has been implicated by neuroscientists in empathy and prosocial behaviors?

oxytocin

Izzy is a surgical resident. The hospital wants to conduct a 360-degree appraisal of her performance, which required obtaining evaluations from

patients, her fellow residents, the chief resident and supervising attending physicians.

The idea that some faces are inherently more attractive than others is supported by research demonstrating that

people prefer averaged composite faces to individual faces

Feeling good can lead to increased helping behavior because

people want to stay in a good mood.

Diane is interested in whether women with nurturing personalities are more reliable friends both inside and outside the workplace. Rebecca is interested in the hypothesis that women tend to be more nurturing outside the workplace because others expect them to be nurturing. It is likely that Diane is a _____ psychologist and Rebecca is a _____ psychologist.

personality; social

While shopping at the local mall, Ihno is approached by a man who asks her to sign a petition for stricter gun control laws. If Ihno uses the central route to decide whether to sign the petition, then she will be more likely to sign if the man who approaches her

presents strong arguments

A junior high coach decides to separate his basketball players into an A team and a B team. These two teams regularly play each other and compete for rewards, such as time at the drinking fountain and use of the new basketballs. The Robbers Cave experiment would suggest that the coach's new arrangement is likely to

promote team unity

All of the following can help to explain why the door-in-the-face technique can increase compliance except

psychological commitment

Kelli always tries to be very helpful because she believes it increases her chances of receiving help at a future time. Kelli's thinking most closely reflects the concept of

reciprocal altruism.

One reason that social psychologists attempt to replicate the results of their research is that doing so

reduces the probability that the results are due to chance

Kelley spends a lot of time focusing on herself. Her psychological health could be threatened if this self-focus leads to

rumination about problems

Prior to the championship basketball game, Jocelyn reminds everyone that she really isn't as good a player as everyone thinks, that their opponent has had an undefeated season and that it is unlikely she and her teammates will triumph. Jocelyn is engaging in

sandbagging

A juror is more likely to be chosen as foreperson if the juror is

seated at the head of the table as opposed to the middle, of higher rather than lower occupational status, vocal during the initial stages of deliberations as opposed to quiet.

Conchita has good relationships with her boyfriend and with her parents. She is also able to form caring and supportive friendships. Conchita probably has a(n)

secure attachment style

Positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are technologies that enable social psychologists to

see images of the brain as people think, feel, and behave

Erving Goffman (1959) argued that life was much like a theater and that people act out various roles. Goffman's ideas are clearly evident in the social psychological study of

self-presentation

Coach Valentine does not think that his team is playing up to its full potential. To increase the performance of the team, the coach should

set specific, challenging, and reachable goals for the team

Emily has just witnessed a violent crime. She is very worked up about it. In this physiological state, Emily is likely to focus on all of the following except the

setting

Prejudice and discrimination based on a person's gender, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one gender over another, are known as

sexism

Gloria has a negative attitude toward smoking, but she continues to smoke two packs of cigarettes a day. According to the theory of planned behavior, one reason that her attitude and behavior are inconsistent could be that

she doesn't believe that she can control her smoking behavior

Eleanor is asked to help the people who live on the other side of the city restore their block after it was burned down in a fire. It is most probable that she will help if _____ the people on the other side of the city.

she feels a meaningful connection with

Madeline, Joe, and Ian have all applied for the same promotion. Madeline is chosen but may be particularly likely to devalue the promotion if she believes that

she got it because of her gender

According to Moscovici, majorities derive their power to influence others by virtue of their _____, whereas minorities derive their power to influence others from their _____.

sheer number; style of behavior

Arlene believes that she has lots of social support in her life because she has a large family and lots of friends. Arlene's views are consistent with the ______ model of social support.

social contact

Carlos is nervous about giving a class presentation because he doesn't think he can communicate very well with everyone watching him. If Carlos attempts to deal with his anxiety by self-handicapping, he will most likely

stay out all night partying the night before the presentation

In the TED talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, she discusses a conversation with a student where the student mentions that all Nigerian men are physical abusers (like the character in a novel). This is an example of:

stereotyping

Being persistently stereotyped, perceived as deviant, or devalued in society because of membership in a particular social group or because of a particular characteristic is the definition of being

stigmatized

Festinger's (1950) research of college student housing found that

students were more likely to become friends with people who lived nearby than those who lived farther away

The theory that humans cope with the fear of their own death by constructing worldviews that help to preserve their self-esteem is called

terror management theory

The strong positive correlation between testosterone levels and aggressive behavior could reflect all of the following except

testosterone and aggression are unrelated

Benny has a heart attack while riding a crowded city bus and nobody on the bus attempts to help him. This exemplifies

the bystander effect

At the sales meeting, Leo clasped his hands behind his head and reclined in his chair. Within minutes, three other team members were sitting in the same posture, demonstrating the psychological tendency referred to as

the chameleon effect

In one of the earliest social psychological experiments, Triplett (1898) had children wind fishing reels as quickly as they could. He found that

the children were faster when working next to another child rather than alone

Ryan was abused as a child. He is now married to a woman who abuses him, and he is physically abusive toward his child. This pattern of behavior is consistent with

the cycle of violence

_______ is referred to as when a group increases its commitment to a failing course of action in order to justify previous investments.

the escalation effect

As he was about to enter the mall, Evan was approached by someone and asked to wear a small green ribbon on his shirt to show his support for the "Save the Squirrels" campaign. Evan wasn't quite sure that squirrels were actually endangered, but he agreed to wear the ribbon. A week later, Evan was approached again and asked to contribute $10 to help save the squirrels. Though he would have rather spent his money elsewhere, he agreed. Evan has been the victim of

the foot-in-the-door technique

Research demonstrates that exposure to weak versions of a persuasive argument tends to increase later resistance to that argument. This is consistent with

the inoculation hypothesis

Research on marriage and stress suggests that

the relationship between the two depends on the level of marital conflict

Implicit Association Tests (IATs) can detect implicit attitudes by measuring

the speed at which participants associate stimuli with a positive or negative word

When trying to close a car sale, Jerry often tries to sweeten the deal by telling the customer that he will throw in six free oil changes as well. This sales technique is best described as

the that's-not-all technique

If there is a majority opinion in a jury's initial vote, then

the ultimate verdict will usually be consistent with the vote taken during the orientation stage

On his first day of class, Professor Saccamano thinks he is nervous because his blood pressure is up and his hands are shaking. He continues to feel this way, however, before every class meeting of the semester, and eventually realizes that his arousal is due to the five flights of stairs he must climb up to the classroom. Which theory best explains his misattribution?

two-factor theory of emotion

Stress may weaken the immune system in part by increasing

unhealthy behaviors

Kirby is a juror in a rape trial in which both the prosecution and defense are relying on eyewitnesses. It is likely that Kirby will

use eyewitness confidence as a cue to eyewitness accuracy

Claire, a district attorney, believes that elderly women are likely to be sympathetic to criminal defendants. She, therefore, summarily dismisses elderly prospective jurors during voir dire. This exemplifies the

use of peremptory challenges

According to the evolutionary perspective, women prefer

wealthy men because wealth is the criterion they use to estimate their best chances for reproductive success

In 2012, American women were paid 82 cents for every dollar men were paid. All of the following are explanations provided by the book for this gender-based wage disparity except

women tend to exhibit an interdependent or collectivist self-view, whereas men are more likely to value independence or individualism in the workplace.

Minimal groups are groups

based on trivial, often arbitrary, distinctions

The process by which attitudes are changed is called

persuasion

Which of the following advertising slogans for a new stereo system would be most appealing to someone in a collectivist culture?

"Invite your friends over so they can dance to music of the highest clarity."

Charles is a Red Sox fan who does not think highly of Yankees fans. Which of the following statements that Charles made in the past week is most consistent with the concept of outgroup homogeneity?

"Obnoxious, rude, and prone to throwing batteries... if you've seen one Yankees fan, you've seen them all."

Popular wisdom is often contradictory, as with the following two sayings: 1) "opposites attract" and 2) "birds of a feather flock together." Research on the relationship between similarity and liking suggests that

#2 is more accurate; people tend to be more attracted to those who are similar to themselves.

Joel argues that the use of confederates provides for real interactions that emulate the types of reactions that occur in real life. Dale argues that the use of confederates simply makes an experiment more involving for the participant. Which of the following is true?

Joel believes that confederates increase mundane realism; Dale believes that confederates increase experimental realism

As she is about to walk into the grocery store, Melissa sees a woman struggling with her groceries. Melissa is most likely to help this woman if

Melissa feels guilty about having parked in the handicapped space

According to research findings, which of the following individuals is most likely to be an opponent of the death penalty?

Michael, who scores low on a self-report measure of authoritarianism

Which of the following has been demonstrated in research on attachment style?

People's attachment styles relate to the type of romantic relationships they have

Which of the following best illustrates Lewin's interactionist perspective?

Rikki is usually shy, but at work she appears to be quite outgoing

If American and Chinese children were placed in the same classroom, which of the following would probably be true?

The American children would demonstrate less conformity than the Chinese children

What do getting married, surviving a tornado, and dealing with a long, congested commute to work all have in common?

They are all stressors

A dispute resolution system in which the prosecution and defense present opposing sides of the story is called a(n) _____ model.

adversarial

Someone victimized by a crime, disease, or other tragic life event is likely to

affiliate with others who are in the same situation, but compare themselves to others who are worse off

Two changes in the world that have led organizational psychologists to begin to consider cultural issues in the workplace are

affirmative action and a worldwide trend toward globalization

Pinker (2011) argues that

aggression has decreased over time.

Bettina is extremely Type A. Research suggests that she will tend to

be more aggressive than other people when provoked

Amy is frustrated with her teenage son's recent behavior. "Why did you do that?" she asks him, with exasperation. According to research by Nisbett and Wilson (1977), Amy's son will

be unable to accurately identify why he acted as he did

Hendrika owns a small aerospace company and wants to make sure that she recognizes the signs of groupthink if it crops up in her group meetings. She should be especially concerned that groupthink may be occurring if the group exhibits

closed-mindedness

An unpleasant psychological state often aroused when people hold two conflicting cognitions is called

cognitive dissonance

Yoshiko won $500,000 in a lottery. After the initial excitement wears off, research suggests that her overall level of happiness will

decrease as will the pleasure she derives from routine activities

At crowded parties, Amy loses her sense of self and, as a result, often behaves in ways that she later regrets. These parties seem to create in Amy a state of

deindividuation

The Stanford University prison simulation teaches us that

even normal people can be dehumanized by institutional roles and practices

The role of natural selection processes in the development of social behavior is a concern in

evolutionary psychology

Jomei feels that he cannot be happy if his family is not happy. Jomei has an _____ view of self.

interdependent

A feeling of deprivation about existing social relations is called

loneliness

The fact that members of an organization who blow the whistle on problematic practices are often treated harshly by the rest of the group illustrates the power of group

norms

Dwight is a salesman for a paper company. His performance is assessed by determining how many boxes of paper he sells each month, which means that he is being appraised in terms of

objective performance criteria

Latrell is not satisfied with his $5 million annual salary because he feels that other basketball All-Stars are paid far more money. Latrell's dissatisfaction is most likely the result of

relative deprivation

Alex changes his behavior in response to self-presentation concerns and various situations, exhibiting a high level of

self-monitoring

Mr. Belding notices that his students seem to put more effort into their individual assignments than into their group projects. This is most likely the result of

social loafing

If Maurice has a depressive explanatory style, then he is likely to attribute his failures to

stable, global, and internal factors

Groups include all of the following essential components except

status

Thinking about God triggers a state of self-focus for individuals who have

strong religious beliefs

Police interrogations are often conducted in small, bare, soundproof rooms so that

suspects feel socially isolated and powerless

According to the empathy-altruism hypothesis, altruistic behavior is primarily the result of

taking another's perspective.

Keren is in a work group in which everyone is excited about the job. They are bringing high-speed Internet to low-income neighborhoods, and every single coworker she has feels the task is exciting, inspirational, and world-changing. Keren's work group has high _____ cohesion.

task

A hypothesis provides a means of ________ a theory.

testing

Jamie wants an extra day to write a paper for class. Jamie first asks the professor for a one-week extension for the paper assignment. The professor refuses. Jamie then asks for a one-day extension. The professor agrees. Jamie's behavior best illustrates

the door-in-the-face technique

The tendency to perceive hostile intent in the actions of others is called

the hostile attribution bias

A leader who sets clear goals for her followers, rewarding those who live up to their end of the bargain and providing assistance, is known as a(n) _____ leader.

transactional

According to your text, the fact that groping schoolgirls on the train in Japan is not uncommon illustrates that

what is unacceptable aggression in relation to children differs across cultures

The belief that physically attractive individuals also possess desirable personality characteristics is called the

what-is-beautiful-is-good stereotype.

Shaquille has been selected to be the foreperson of his jury. It is likely that Shaquille

will spend more time than other jurors discussing procedural items