PSYC 3610 Exam 1: Homework Questions
On any given day, around _________ individuals with severe psychological disturbances are homeless
140,000
In 1955, close to _____ people lived in public mental institutions across the United States; the number is less than _____ today.
600,000; 75,000
A murmur is:
An electrical signal triggered by important information
Which is NOT one of the disorders that clinicians were asked to identify in the participants
Antisocial personality disorder
Devin was admitted to the hospital after Dr. Johnson determined that Devin had a plan to commit suicide. This is an example of which of the 4 D's?
Dangerous
Mena obsesses for hours over her hair and makeup in the morning. She has been fired from three jobs in the past six months as she cannot get to work on time. This is an example of which of the four D's?
Dysfunction
He developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behavior in 1883
Emil Kraepelin
Gestalt therapy was developed by:
Frederick (Fritz) Perls
What is the main difference between group therapy and a self-help group?
In group therapy, a trained therapist leads the interaction; a self-help group is conducted by people who share a similar problem but without the help of a professional clinician to lead the group.
Most countries outside the US use what classification system for mental disorders?
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
Which statement about the role of genes in abnormal behavior is FALSE?
It is unclear what kind of influence, if any, genes have on mental disorders.
Who stated that all forms of therapy have three key features?
Jerome Frank
Which statement is TRUE regarding members of minority groups with mental illness in the United States?
Members of minority groups tend to stop therapy sooner than members of majority groups do.
Which statement is true about the four Ds of abnormality?
Non of the 4 Ds is, by itself, an adequate gauge of psychological abnormality
The methods of ___ & ___ are called moral treatment
Pinel; Tuke
_____ tests require that clients interpret vague stimuli such as inkblots or ambiguous pictures, or that they follow open-ended instructions such as "Draw a person, place, or tree."
Projective
This type of projective test, published in 1921, involves a series of 10 inkblots.
Rorschach test
The treatment procedures on display in this video represent which perspective?
Somatogenic
This is the view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes
Somatogenic perspective
The treatment procedures in this video are linked to:
State hospitals
Groups of people who suddenly started to dance, jump, and go into convulsions were described as having this disorder
Tarantism
What is the primary difference between the id and the ego?
The id operates in accordance with the pleasure principle, whereas the ego operates in accordance with the reality principle.
According to ancient views of abnormality, if a standard exorcism failed to rid a person of abnormal behaviors, which step would be taken?
The shaman would perform a more extreme exorcism, such as whipping or starving the person
The belief that the concept of mental illness is actually invalid was advocated by:
Thomas Szasz
The clinicians were extremely confident that ______ did NOT have a disorder
Yasmin
Which is NOT one of the essential elements of therapy, according to Jerome Frank?
a physical setting in which the treatment takes place
The term eugenics refers to
a political policy of preventing those persons who suffer from mental illness from reproducing.
like most people confronted with extreme stressors, the man in the video experiences ______ while he runs with the bulls
a rise in cortisol level
Watching from behind a one-way mirror as a child plays and then his parents disciplines him in an example of a(n):
analog observation
Placebos:
are "sham" treatments given for therapeutic or research purposes
Which term has come to mean "a chaotic uproar" and derived its name from a London hospital where mentally ill patients were treated in horrendous ways?
bedlam
The foster care programs in Gheel:
began centuries ago when the town of Gheel formed the first "colony" of mental patients
The clinicians believed Yasmin had _______ since she was able to come across as someone who didn't have symptoms, but she actually had a history of ______.
bipolar disorder; depression
Over the past several decades, researchers using the biological model have increasingly focused on _____ as the key to psychological disorders.
brain circuits
The study of the "Genain" sisters, mentioned in the textbook, is an example of a(n):
case study
Five-year-old Ellis develops a fear of sand because he was once stung by a wasp while playing in the sandbox. This demonstrates the principle of:
classical conditioning
As noted in the text, clinicians usually have multiple pieces of information from which to make a diagnosis, including interviews, tests, and observations. All of these are used to construct what is known as a:
clinical picture
Dr. Parker is exploring abnormal psychological function by conducting experiments in laboratory settings with individuals to evaluate their anxiety levels. She is most likely a _____.
clinical researcher
Currently, _____ are the largest group of mental health professionals in the US
clinical social workers
Rodney has a fear of open spaces. His therapist is working with him and using the therapy that seems to be most effective for treating phobias. Which are they using?
cognitive-behavioral
A young child receives affection when she earns good grades on her school assignments. However, when she receives poor grades, her mother berates her and tells her that she is "no good" and "stupid." This child will MOST likely develop:
conditions of worth
Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) scanning creates detailed pictures of brain activity by:
detecting changes in blood flow through the brain
The new technique of "brain fingerprinting," shown in the video, can purportedly help determine someone's guilt or innocence by:
detecting whether the person's brain remembers key elements of a crime, such as a weapon or a scene of a crime, even if a person claims they were not present at the crime
This study illustrated how _______ it is to identify someone's disorder based on observations by trained professionals
difficult
Fallon is so anxious that the anxiety by itself causes her to suffer. Fallon's situation represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called:
distress
Jani has schizophrenia. In meeting with her new doctor, her parents asked Dr. Browne which therapy is most effective for the treatment for schizophrenia. His answer was:
drug
Dexter is so afraid of open spaces that he cannot leave his house to go to work. This represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called:
dysfunction
While there are numerous definitions of abnormality, most definitions share these features: deviance, distress, danger, and:
dysfunction
The underlying premise of family therapy is that:
each member of the family affects and is affected by the family unit.
In _____ therapy, people are encouraged to accept responsibility for their lives and for their problems.
existential
OpenfMRI is needed because:
fMRI data is otherwise technologically cumbersome to share
The belief that people live up or down to expectations reflects the ideology of _____ theorists.
family-social
One of the most useful aspects of fMRI technology is information about:
how multiple brain areas interact with each other
Which term has been MOST recently introduced to describe a person with a psychological abnormality?
impaired
According to the video, the Center for Health Care Services was created in part because people in need of mental health services often wind up _____, which is not usually the most helpful course of action.
in an emergency room
According to the textbook, there are five key features of community mental health care programs. Each of the following is a key feature, except:
independent residencies
Every research facility has a(n) ____ that watches over the rights and safety of human participants
institutional review board
Which of the treatments in this video was not meant to relax or soothe patients?
insulin therapy
The video shows The Burke Center, an example of the telemental health services described in the textbook. In such services, a therapist:
is not physically present
An experiment, such as this study, is superior to correlational studies because:
it determines confidently whether one variable actually causes another variable
One of the different mental disorders described by ancient Greeks and Romans was:
melancholia
Three-year-old Jessica watches a car repair show on television and then goes into her playroom to "fix a car." This is an example of:
modeling
This is a double-blind study, which means:
neither research participants nor the experimenter knows which group the participants were assigned to
Clinicians often employ ____ tests, which are cognitive, perceptual, and motor function tests, that can sometimes pick up indicators of subtle brain abnormalities that fMRI and other similar tests may miss
neuropsychological
When studying the general treatment of depression, what type of understanding are clinical researchers using
nomothetic
At age 11, Ciro Ortiz set up a "therapy" office each week on the New York subway platform. Calling himself the Emotional Advice Kid, he talked to people of all ages with various kinds of psychological issue. Ciro's advice is:
not considered to be therapy because there is no trained healer present
People are motivated mainly by a need to have relationships with others. Severe problems in the relationships between children and their caregivers may lead to abnormal development. This idea BEST reflects the beliefs of which type of theorist?
object relations theorist
In science, what are the perspectives used to explain phenomena?
paradigms
Before the 1950s, almost all outpatient care for psychological disturbances took the form of:
private psychotherapy
Insurance parity laws are concerned with:
providing equal coverage for mental and medical problems
Which model of abnormality rests on the deterministic assumption that no symptom or behavior is "accidental" and that all behavior is determined by past experiences?
psychodynamic model
The reactions on display in this video may, over time, relate to:
psychophysiological disorders
The decline of the treatments on display in this video was linked to the development of ______________.
psychotropic drugs
The fight-or-flight response:
refers to reactions throughout our body and brain that prepare us for responses to danger
Which contemporary psychodynamic approach holds that therapists are key figures in the lives of patients—figures whose reactions and beliefs should be included in the therapy?
relational psychoanalytic therapy
Which is NOT a role of a clinical practitioner in abnormal psychology?
research
Which is NOT one of the three types of biological treatment used today?
self-actualization
Depression has been linked to low activity of the neurotransmitters _____ and _____.
serotonin; norepinephrine
Which term BEST completes this statement: Judgments of abnormality depend on _____ as well as on cultural norms.
specific circumstances
The work of Dorothea Dix led to the establishment of many _____ around the United States.
state hospitals
The man in the video, who is accused of a crime but seemingly exonerated by the brain fingerprinting technique, will:
still be at the mercy of a jury's decision based on the evidence of the case
A cluster of symptoms that usually occur together is known as a:
syndrome
General paresis, an irreversible disorder that causes physical and mental symptoms that include paralysis and delusions of grandeur, was found to be caused by:
syphilis
In this experiment, the dependent variable was:
the amount of pain the patient later experiences
The success of the foster care programs in Gheel strongly support the principles of each of the following models, except:
the biological model
According to the video case, a key factor in the success of the Gheel foster care model is:
the community operates by a principle of inclusiveness
Positive psychology is a movement that emphasizes:
the cultivation of positive feelings and traits
The main reason the mother in the video sought telemental health treatment for her daughter is:
the daughter would otherwise have to travel hours to see a psychotherapist, given the low number of therapists where they live
A driving force behind the policy of deinstitutionalization was:
the development of psychotropic drugs
The couple in the last segment of the video state that the biggest obstacle to them receiving affordable health care has recently been:
the difficulty in getting insurance coverage for mental health treatment
which of these is an essential feature of therapy?
there is a trained healer
Cognition-focused therapists guide clients to challenge their own dysfunctional:
thoughts
The brain and body changes that result with the confrontation of extreme stressors are not related to changes in:
trait anxiety
According to psychodynamic theorists, when people behave with their therapist the way they interacted with their parents, they are demonstrating:
transference
This is a false belief that all therapies are equivalent despite differences in therapists' training, experience, theoretical orientations, and personalities
uniformity myth
Which term was the earliest used to describe those persons whom we now refer to as mentally ill?
unstable
Clinical researchers would consider an individual's mood to be a:
variable
Julianna is 14 years old. Her age is an example of a:
variable
If a person undergoing brain fingerprinting is found to remember aspects of the scene of a crime, it means the person:
was apparently at the scene of the crime, but other conclusions about his or her guilt or innocence will have to be drawn based on the rest of the evidence
Those persons who suffered from the form of mass madness called lycanthropy may have believed themselves to be possessed by:
wolves